Danaus (Anosia) melanippus Cramer 1777

Danaus melanippus, the black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

It ranges from Assam in eastern India through South-East Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan.^[1][2] It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.^[2]

Gallery

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically:^[3]

• D. m. celebensis (Staudinger, 1889) – northern Sulawesi
• D. m. edmondii (Bougainville, 1837) – Philippines
• D. m. edwardi (van Eecke, 1914) – Simeulue
• D. m. eurydice (Butler, 1884) – Nias
• D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891 – Sumbawa - Alor
• D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung
• D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – eastern India - Thailand, Indo-China
• D. m. keteus (Hagen, 1898) – Mentawai
• D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929 – Taiwan
• D. m. lotina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – Natuna Island
• D. m. lotis (Cramer, [1779])
• D. m. melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Java
• D. m. meridionigra Martin, [1914] – central Sulawesi
• D. m. nesippus (Felder, 1862) – Nicobars
• D. m. pietersi (Doherty, 1891) – Enggano
• D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Pualu Tello

See also

• List of butterflies of India
• List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References

• Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
• Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
• Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
• Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
• Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.

Danaus melanippus (Anglice white tiger) est papilio subfamiliae Danainarum familiae Nymphalidarum, in Asia tropica ab Assamia in India orientali per Asiam Meridio-Orientalem ad meridiem usque ad Indonesiam, et ad orientem usque ad Philippinas et per Sinas meridianas usque ad Taivaniam endemicus (Evans 1932; Smith et al. 2005). Sunt circa quindecim (13–18, secundum auctorem) subspecies, et species artissime cognata est Danaus affinis (Smith et al. 2005).

Bibliographia

• Evans, W. H. 1932. The Identification of Indian Butterflies. Ed. 2a. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society.
• Gaonkar, Harish. 1996. Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka): A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.
• Gay, Thomas, Isaac Kehimkar, et J. C. Punetha. 1992. Common Butterflies of India. Mumbai: WWF-India et Oxford University Press.
• Haribal, Meena. 1994. Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.
• Kunte, Krushnamegh. 2005. Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press.
• Wynter-Blyth, M. A. 1957. Butterflies of the Indian Region. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society.

Danaus melanippus, biasanya dikenali sebagai Black Veined Tiger atau White Tiger, adalah spesies kupu-kupu yang terdapat di Asia tropika yang termasuk pada "Crows dan Tigers", iaitu, kumpulan keluarga danaine bagi kupu-kupu kaki berus. Ia mempunyai lebar sayap sekitar 60–75 mm.^[1]

Rujukan

Danaus melanippus is een vlinder uit de familie Nymphalidae, onderfamilie Danainae.

De naam Danaus melanippus is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Cramer in 1777.^[1]

Danaus melanippus là một loài bướm thuộc chi Danaus, họ Bướm giáp. Loài này phân bố ở châu Á nhiệt đới. Phạm vi phân bố từ Assam ở đông Ấn Độ^{[cần thẩm tra]} qua khắp Đông Nam Á về phía nam đến Indonesia, phía đông đến Philippines và qua phía nam Trung Hoa đến Đài Loan (Evans 1932, Smith et al. 2005). Loài này có khoảng 13-18 phân loài, nó liên quan chặt chẽ nhất với loài Danaus affinis (Smith et al. 2005).

Tham khảo

• Evans, W.H. (1932): The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd edition). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
• Gaonkar, Harish (1996): Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore, India & Natural History Museum, London, UK.
• Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac & Punetha, J. C.(1992): Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.

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