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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Observations: Although they become independent in about one month (http://www.pgc.state.pa.us/), these animals do not normally reproduce in their first year. Their longevity in captivity is unknown, but their lifespan in the wild is short, probably less than 1.4 years (Ernest 2003).
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Behavior ( englanti )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Weinstein, B. 1999. "Sorex fumeus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sorex_fumeus.html
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Bret Weinstein, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology ( englanti )

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Smoky shrews get their name from the gray or black color of their body fur in winter, in summer it is dull brown. The fur on their belly is usually the same color as the back, or a little lighter. One distinctive trait is it's bicolored tail: dark on top, but tan underneath. Total length is 110 to 126 mm, tail length 42-52 mm. Adults weigh 6-11 g. Like all shrews they have a long, cone-shaped snout, many sharp teeth, small (but functional) eyes, and fur that is short but soft and dense.

Range mass: 6 to 11 g.

Range length: 110 to 126 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

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Weinstein, B. 1999. "Sorex fumeus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sorex_fumeus.html
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Bret Weinstein, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy ( englanti )

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Average lifespan
Status: wild:
1.0 years.

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Weinstein, B. 1999. "Sorex fumeus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sorex_fumeus.html
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Bret Weinstein, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat ( englanti )

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Smoky shrews generally live in the leaf litter on the floor of deciduous and coniferous forests. They are often found near rotting logs or moss-covered rocks. They have also been observed in bogs, swamps and grasslands.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; mountains

Wetlands: bog

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Distribution ( englanti )

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Smoky shrews are found in the eastern United States and Canada. In Canada they range from the eastern shore of Lake Superior east to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the U.S. border. In the U.S. they are found in New England, south along the Appalachian Mountains to the western tip of South Carolina, and west of the mountains into Kentucky and central Ohio. The species has only been found in one location in Michigan, on Sugar Island in the St. Mary's River, between the Upper Peninsula and Ontario.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Trophic Strategy ( englanti )

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Smoky shrews eat a wide variety of insects. They also eat earthworms, spiders and some fungi. In captivity they will also eat plethodontid salamanders, but it is not known if they seek them in the wild.

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; mollusks; terrestrial worms

Other Foods: fungus

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

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Conservation Status ( englanti )

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This species is fairly common, and not considered in need of special conservation efforts. Because it is so rare in the spate, it is considered a Species of Special Concern in Michigan.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: special concern

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Reproduction ( englanti )

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Reproductive season extends from March to October. Smoky shrews never reproduce in their first year, but rather overwinter as subadults. Their gestation period is less than three weeks and birth is followed by immediate postpartum estrus. Litter size can range from 2 to 8, average is 6.

Smoky shrews start mating in late March, and females give birth to their first litters in April or May, about 20 days after mating. They mate again a soon as the first litter is born, and they may have 2 more litters, each about a month apart, if the female lives long enough. Each litter has 2 to 8 pups, usually 6.

Breeding interval: 1-3 litters per year

Breeding season: Mating starts in late March, and may continue into late September

Range number of offspring: 2 to 8.

Average gestation period: 20 days.

Range weaning age: 20 (high) days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 6 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 6 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous

Average gestation period: 21 days.

Average number of offspring: 5.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
304 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
304 days.

Male smoky shrews provide no parental investment. Females make nests in leaf litter. Pups are altricial, blind and furless at birth. Exact duration of the period of nursing and parental protection is unknown, but ends before the next litter is born.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Musaranya fumada ( valencia )

tarjonnut wikipedia CA

La musaranya fumada (Sorex fumeus) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes que es troba a l'est del Canadà i al nord-est dels Estats Units.

Referències

Bibliografia

Enllaços externs

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Musaranya fumada: Brief Summary ( valencia )

tarjonnut wikipedia CA

La musaranya fumada (Sorex fumeus) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes que es troba a l'est del Canadà i al nord-est dels Estats Units.

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Smoky shrew ( englanti )

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The smoky shrew (Sorex fumeus) is a medium-sized North American shrew found in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States and extends further south along the Appalachian Mountains.

U.S. Forest Service image

Subspecies

This species has two recognized subspecies:[1]

  • Sorex fumeus fumeus
  • Sorex fumeus umbrosus

Description

The smoky shrew is active year-round. It is dull grey in colour with lighter underparts and a long tail which is brown on top and yellowish underneath. During winter, its fur is grey. Its body is about 11 centimetres (4.3 in) in length including a 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long tail and it weighs about 5 grams (0.18 oz).

Habitat and ecology

This animal is found near streams in cool damp deciduous and mixed woods. It makes extensive, solitary, burrows in the leaf litter on the forest floor or builds globular nests 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) of plant materials under rocks. The smoky shrew rarely digs tunnels, instead it uses tunnels created by moles or other shrews. Its diet consists mainly of beetles, however other insects, earthworms, snails, small rodents and other soil dwelling invertebrates are also taken.[3] It also consumes plant material to supplement its diet. Predators include owls, snakes, foxes, weasels, and mustelids.

Reproduction

Smoky shrews start mating in late March, and females give birth to their first litters in April or May, about 20 days after mating. They mate again as soon as the first litter is born, and they may have 2 more litters, each about a month apart, if the female lives long enough. Each litter has 2 to 8 pups, usually 6. In one month, the offspring weigh around 4 grams which is half of the adult weight.[3] Male smoky shrews don't take care of their offspring, only the female does. Females make nests in leaf litter where they give birth. The offspring are blind, helpless, and have no fur. Females nurse and protect their offspring for a short time (less than 20 days).

Social behavior

No information exists about the social organization of the smoky shrew. Some field biologists, noting the abundance of the species in some areas and its absence in others, have suggested the smoky shrew is colonial. However, their data remain inconclusive, and may reflect a tendency for smoky shrews to achieve dense populations within pockets of suitable habitat instead of exhibiting a complex social structure

Smoky shrews are quite vocal although the form and function of the vocal repertoire are not well known. Individuals "twitter" while foraging, and give high-pitched grating noises when alarmed.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sorex fumeus.
Wikispecies has information related to Sorex fumeus.
  1. ^ a b Hutterer, R. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Cassola, F. (2016). "Sorex fumeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41396A22312838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41396A22312838.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b Whitaker, John (2010). Mammals of Indiana. Bloomington, IA: Indiana University Press. pp. 68 & 69. ISBN 978-0-253-22213-8.
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Smoky shrew: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

The smoky shrew (Sorex fumeus) is a medium-sized North American shrew found in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States and extends further south along the Appalachian Mountains.

U.S. Forest Service image
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Sorex fumeus ( baski )

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Sorex fumeus Sorex generoko animalia da. Lehen Insectivora edo Soricomorpha deitzen zen taldearen barruan daude. Gaur egun Lipotyphla deitzen den taldearen barruko Soricinae azpifamilia eta Soricidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. G. M. Miller (1895) 10 N. Am. Fauna 50. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Sorex fumeus: Brief Summary ( baski )

tarjonnut wikipedia EU

Sorex fumeus Sorex generoko animalia da. Lehen Insectivora edo Soricomorpha deitzen zen taldearen barruan daude. Gaur egun Lipotyphla deitzen den taldearen barruko Soricinae azpifamilia eta Soricidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Sorex fumeus ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

La Musaraigne fuligineuse (Sorex fumeus) est une petite espèce d'insectivore de la famille des soricidés. On la retrouve en Amérique du Nord dans l'est du Canada et le nord-est des États-Unis. Elle est de couleur gris ardoise en hiver et brune en été.

Caractéristiques

La Musaraigne fuligineuse est gris ardoise en hiver et elle devient brune à l'été[1]. Elle a une longueur totale de 11 à 13 cm incluant une queue de 3,7 à 5,2 cm de long[1]. Ses pieds mesurent entre 12 et 15 mm[1]. Les individus adultes ont un poids se situant entre 6 et 11 g[1]. Les mâles sont légèrement plus gros que les femelles[1]. Elle ressemble à la Musaraigne cendrée, mais elle a une plus grande taille, un pelage plus foncé et un pavillon d'oreille plus développé et elle se distingue de la Musaraigne de la Gaspésie par sa queue qui est plus longue[1]. Son museau porte de longues vibrisses tactiles qui lui facilite la recherche de nourriture et de proies[1].

La longévité de la Musaraigne fuligineuse est de 14 à 17 mois[1].

Mœurs

La Musaraigne fuligineuse est active le jour et la nuit à longueur d'année[1]. Lorsqu'elle se sent menacée, elle émet des cris ressemblant à au bruit d'une crécelle aigu[1]. Ses principaux prédateurs sont les belettes, les buses, les grandes musaraignes, les hiboux, les lynx roux et les renards roux[1].

Reproduction

Les femelles ont généralement deux ou trois portées entre le mois d'avril et d'août ayant jusqu'à neuf petits, mais habituellement cinq ou six, après une gestation d'environ trois semaines[1]. Les petits atteignent leur maturité sexuelle à la fin de leur premier hiver[1]. Au printemps, les organes génitaux des mâles augmentent en taille ainsi que les glandes odoriférantes qu'ils ont sur les flancs[1]. Elle se couche sur le dos et bat l'air de ses pattes en poussant des cris en tentant de faire fuir la menace[1].

Alimentation

Durant la saison estivale, l'alimentation de la Musaraigne fuligineuse est composée à près de 80 % d'insectes, principalement des coléoptères, des diptères, des lépidoptères et des scarabées tandis que, durant la saison hivernale, son menu contient plutôt des larves, des pupes et des insectes en dormance[1]. Elle se nourrit aussi d'araignées, de centipèdes, de cloportes, d'escargots et de vers[1]. Parfois, il lui arrive de capturer des salamandres ou d'autres petits amphibiens, des oisillons et des petits mammifères nouveau-nés[1].

Répartition et habitat

L'aire de répartition de la Musaraigne fuligineuse se situe dans le nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord et comprend le sud du Québec et de l'Ontario ainsi que tout le Nouveau-Brunswick et la Nouvelle-Écosse au Canada[1]. Elle comprend aussi l'est des États-Unis à partir de la frontière canadienne jusqu'au nord de la Géorgie et au Tennessee[1].

On la retrouve dans les forêts de feuillus et les forêts mixtes près d'un cours d'eau surtout dans les endroits humides avec un sol friable ayant un humus épais[1]. On la retrouve aussi dans les tourbières, les marais et les zones herbeuses[1]. Comme abri, elle se fabrique un nid de forme sphérique ayant une circonférence d'environ 23 cm avec des feuilles, des herbes et des poils généralement situé sous une souche ou un tronc d'arbre[1]. La Musaraigne fuligineuse ne se creuse pas de galeries, mais il lui arrive souvent d'emprunter les galeries creusées dans l'humus par des campagnols, des condylures ou des grandes musaraignes[1].

Sous-espèces

La Sorex fumeus a deux sous-espèces reconnuesSelon MSW :

  • Sorex fumeus fumeus
  • Sorex fumeus umbrosus

Relations avec l'homme

La Musaraigne fuligineuse est utile dans l'agriculture et la production forestière, car elle consomme une grande quantité d'insectes qui affectent les cultures[1].

Notes et références

Annexes

Ouvrage
  • Jacques Prescott et Pierre Richard, Mammifères du Québec et de l'est du Canada, Waterloo (Québec), Éditions Michel Quintin, 2004, 400 p. (ISBN 2-89435-270-0) Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article

Références taxinomiques

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Sorex fumeus: Brief Summary ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

La Musaraigne fuligineuse (Sorex fumeus) est une petite espèce d'insectivore de la famille des soricidés. On la retrouve en Amérique du Nord dans l'est du Canada et le nord-est des États-Unis. Elle est de couleur gris ardoise en hiver et brune en été.

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Rookspitsmuis ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

De rookspitsmuis (Sorex fumeus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spitsmuizen (Soricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door G.M. Miller in 1895.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Canada en de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Rookspitsmuis: Brief Summary ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

De rookspitsmuis (Sorex fumeus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spitsmuizen (Soricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door G.M. Miller in 1895.

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Sorex fumeus ( ruotsi )

tarjonnut wikipedia SV

Sorex fumeus[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av G. M. Miller 1895. Sorex fumeus ingår i släktet Sorex och familjen näbbmöss.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Arten når en absolut längd av 11 till 12,5 cm, inklusive en 4 till 5 cm lång svans. Vikten ligger vid 6 till 11 g. Pälsen på ovansidan har under den kalla årstiden en mörkgrå till svartaktig färg och under sommaren en brunaktig färg. Undersidan är ibland lite ljusare. Även svansen har en mörk ovansida och en ljus undersida. Pälsen är kort och tät.[10]

Utbredning och habitat

Denna näbbmus förekommer i östra Nordamerika från sydöstra Ontario (Kanada) och östra Tennessee (USA) till Atlanten. Habitatet utgörs av tempererade områden med barr- och lövträd (eller buskar). Troligen undviker den rena barrskogar.[1]

Ekologi

Boet är en hålighet i lövskiktet, under trädrötter eller under klippor. Individerna kan vara aktiva på dagen och på natten. De äter främst ryggradslösa djur som daggmaskar och insekter. Några små ryggradsdjur och växtdelar ingår likaså i födan.[1] Sorex fumeus använder ibland tunnelsystem som skapades av andra djur. Den håller ingen vinterdvala.[10]

Fortplantningen pågår mellan mars och oktober och honor kan ha tre kullar under tiden.[10] Dräktigheten varar ungefär tre veckor och sedan föds 2 till 8 ungar, oftast 5. Ungar blir könsmogna efter första vintern.[1] Ungarna föds i boet. De är i början nakna och blinda.[10]

Arten har olika naturliga fiender som rävar, mårddjur, rödlo, rovfåglar och även andra näbbmöss som Blarina brevicauda.[10]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[8]

  • S. f. fumeus
  • S. f. umbrosus


Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] 2008 Sorex fumeus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2, Sorex fumeus
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (19 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/sorex+fumeus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  10. ^ [a b c d e] B. Weinstein (19 april 1999). ”Smoky shrew” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sorex_fumeus/. Läst 21 november 2015.

Externa länkar

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Sorex fumeus: Brief Summary ( ruotsi )

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Sorex fumeus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av G. M. Miller 1895. Sorex fumeus ingår i släktet Sorex och familjen näbbmöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Sorex fumeus ( ukraina )

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Поширення

Країни поширення: Канада (Нью-Брансвік, Нова Шотландія, Онтаріо, Квебек), США. Вид найбільш поширений у вологих лісистих районах, як хвойних так і листяних порід.

Опис

Це тварина тьмяно-сірого кольору з більш світлими низом і з довгим хвостом, який коричневого кольору зверху, а знизу жовтуватий. Тіло близько 11 см в довжину, включаючи 4 см хвіст; вага близько 5 гр.

Стиль життя

Споживає головним чином комах і дощових хробаків. Вид активний протягом дня і ночі. Робить великі нори в опалому листі на лісовій ґрунті. Хижаки: сови, змії і куницеві.

Розмножується з березня по серпень. Вагітність, триває три тижні. Народжується 2—7 дитинчат, в середньому 5. До трьох приплодів можуть бути за рік.

Джерела


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Sorex fumeus ( vietnam )

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Sorex fumeus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được G. M. Miller mô tả năm 1895.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Hammerson, G., Master, L. & Norris, S.J. (2008) Sorex fumeus Trong: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ấn bản 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 2 năm 2010.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Sorex fumeus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ Chuột chù này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sorex fumeus: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

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Sorex fumeus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được G. M. Miller mô tả năm 1895.

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스모키뒤쥐 ( Korea )

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스모키뒤쥐(Sorex fumeus)는 땃쥐과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.[2] 캐나다 동부와 미국 북동부 지역에서 발견되는 중간 크기의 북아메리카 땃쥐이다.

아종

2종의 아종이 있다.[2]

  • Sorex fumeus fumeus
  • Sorex fumeus umbrosus

각주

  1. Cassola, F. 2016. Sorex fumeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T41396A22312838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41396A22312838.en. Downloaded on 13 August 2018.
  2. Hutterer, R. (2005). 〈FAMILY Soricidae〉 [땃쥐과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 223–300쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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