Leptodactylus colombiensis Heyer 1994

Leptodactylus colombiensis

HOLOTYPE.—ICNMNH 7409, an adult male from Colombia; Santander; Charalá, Virolín (= Inspección Policía Cañaverales), confluencia del Río Cañaverales con el Río Guillermo, vertiente occidental, 1600–1700 m, 6°13′N, 73°05′W. Collected by Pedro M. Ruiz-C., F. Romero, and L. Martinez, 23 Feb 1981.

PARATYPES (all from Colombia: Santander).—ICNMNH 10516–10518 from Charalá, Cañaverales, collected by Pedro M. Ruiz-C. et al. in Mar 1981; ICNMNH 4493–4495 from Charalá, vereda El Reloj, 1740 m, collected by Pedro M. Ruiz-C., 29 Nov 1978; ICNMNH 6161–6164, 6166, paratopotypes, collected by Pedro M. Ruiz-C., P. Bernal, and V. Rueda, 25 Jan 1980; ICNMNH 7407, 7408, 7410, USNM 313876, 313877, paratopotypes, same data as holotype; ICNMNH 8526 from Charalá, Virolín, carretara a El Olival, collected by Pedro M. Ruiz-C., 7 Mar 1981; ICNMNH 11275, paratopotype, collected by Pedro M. Ruiz-C. and R. Hernández, 15 Apr 1982.

DIAGNOSIS.—Leptodactylus colombiensis is associated with the andean slopes of Colombia. The other Leptodactylus species that occur in Colombia with toe fringes (except L. ocellatus and its closest relatives) are bolivianus, diedrus, leptodactyloides, melanonotus, petersii, riveroi, and wagneri. For many specimens, identification may have to be made on the basis of geographic distribution, as L. colombiensis has not been taken in sympatry with any other member of the melanonotus species group. All specimens of L. bolivianus and riveroi have a pair of well-defined, continuous, smooth, long dorsolateral folds that extend the full length of the body behind the eyes; about of the specimens of colombiensis have indistinct, short, or moderate-length dorsolateral folds, and in all colombiensis the folds are irregular and often interrupted. Leptodactylus colombiensis is a moderate–large size species (females to 62 mm SVL, males to 56 mm SVL) in which lip stripes, if present, extend only from the mideye level posteriorly. Leptodactylus bolivianus and riveroi are large species (bolivianus females to 88 mm SVL, males to 94 mm SVL; riveroi females to 81 mm SVL, males to 63 mm SVL) in which the entire upper lip and loreal region often has a broad, somewhat ill-defined (bolivianus) or well-defined (riveroi) light stripe. Most Leptodactylus colombiensis individuals have a moderate amount of belly mottling, and all individuals have some belly mottling. Most L. diedrus specimens lack a belly pattern or some have light mottling only. Most L. colombiensis have just-swollen toe tips; most L. diedrus have small, but well-defined toe disks. Leptodactylus colombiensis is most similar in appearance to leptodactyloides. Leptodactylus colombiensis attains a greater size than leptodactyloides (colombiensis females 38–62 mm SVL, males 36–56 mm SVL; leptodactyloides females 35–56 mm SVL, males 28–48 mm SVL), and more colombiensis (44%) have light-spotted chin/throat patterns than do leptodactyloides (10%). Leptodactylus colombiensis is larger than L. melanonotus (melanonotus females to 50 mm SVL, males to 46 mm SVL); Leptodactylus melanonotus only occurs along Pacific coastal Colombia. Leptodactylus colombiensis is larger than petersii (petersii females 31–51 mm SVL, males 27–41 mm SVL), and, whereas some individuals of colombiensis have extensively mottled bellies, none have the extensive anastomotic mottling pattern characteristic of petersii. Leptodactylus colombiensis is smaller than wagneri (wagneri females 52–82 mm SVL, males 39–61 mm SVL), and, whereas only some colombiensis have long dorsolateral folds, most wagneri have long folds.

DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE.—Snout nearly rounded from above, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis rounded; lores obtusely concave in cross section; tympanum large, diameter about eye diameter; vocal slits well developed, parallel to posterior of lower jaw; vocal sac single, internal, no external modification visible; vomerine teeth in two long, almost abutting, almost straight series posterior to and almost entirely between choanae; finger lengths II≈IV
SVL 46.3 mm, head length 16.7 mm, head width 15.5 mm, tympanum diameter 3.8 mm, thigh length 20.7 mm, shank length 21.3 mm, foot length 22.2 mm.

Dorsum rather uniform gray brown in preservative; irregular white and posteriorly black-bordered interorbital bar; discontinuous, but extensive, narrow mid-dorsal dark stripe; very weak indications of two dorsal chevrons when specimen viewed in fluid, otherwise dorsum with few indistinct darker markings in addition to those already described; upper lip irregularly dark edged with irregular light spotting above, very distinct light stripe from just past lower mideye to posterior extent of mouth commissure gland, black bordered above; upper limbs faintly blotched to weakly cross-barred; edge of chin dark with small light dots, throat and chest almost uniformly dark gray, anterior belly with heavy blotched mottle, becoming lighter posteriorly, lower thighs with same mottle pattern as posterior belly; posterior surface of thigh mottled light and dark gray brown.

COLOR IN LIFE (ICNMNH 7407–7410, USNM 313876, 313877).—Exposed surfaces tan to olive green, with small to medium black spots; interorbital bar yellow; tan bands almost indistinguishable or absent on thigh, shank, and tarsus; labial bars black with narrow yellow intervals; flanks tan yellowish; gular region, chest, belly, tibia, and foot cream color, chin with white dots and some dots grouped in center of throat; chest and belly with tan variegations to reticulations; thigh rose color, anterior surfaces with extensive tan reticulations; concealed surfaces of thigh and foot cream with tan dots or reticulations, medial border of tibia yellowish with small black spots forming a line; iris golden with dense brown dots (translation of field notes provided by Pedro M. Ruiz-C.).

HABITAT (summary for all type specimens).—All from swamps with emergent vegetation of grass and Cyperaceae, in a disturbed secondary forest (Pedro M. Ruiz-C., pers. comm.).

ETYMOLOGY.—Named to indicate that all known specimens of this species are from the country of Colombia.

ADULT CHARACTERISTICS (N = 64 females, 102 males).—Light posterior lip stripes rarely very distinct (1%), often distinct (21%), indistinct (42%), or not discernible (37%), when visible, stripes sometimes extending from just past mideye or usually from posterior corner of eye; light posterior thigh stripe rarely very distinct (2%), often distinct (23%), indistinct (33%), or not discernible (41%); dorsolateral folds sometimes (apparently) absent (11%), sometimes short (10%), usually moderate in length (55%), or often long (24%); toe tips rarely narrow (1%), usually just swollen (45%), often swollen (34%), just expanded (20%), or rarely expanded (1%); male black thumb spines usually medium size (48%), often medium–large (29%), or large (23%); chin/throat often with light spots on a darker field (44%); belly sometimes lightly mottled (16%), usually moderately mottled (59%), often extensively mottled (26%).

Females 38.2–62.5 mm SVL (x = 52.5 ± 5.7), males 36.0–55.9 mm SVL (x = 44.3 ± 3.9); female head length 32%–40% SVL (x = 36 ± 2%), male head length 33%–40% SVL (x = 36 ± 2%); female head width 31%–40% SVL (x = 34 ± 2%), male head width 30%–37% SVL (x = 34 ± 1%); female tympanum diameter 6%–8% SVL (x = 7 ± 0%), male tympanum diameter 6–9% SVL (x = 7 ± 0%); female thigh length 37%–50% SVL (x = 43 ± 3%), male thigh length 35%–49% SVL (x = 43 ± 3%); female shank length 43%–51% SVL (x = 46 ±2%), male shank length 42%–51% SVL (x = 46 ± 2%); female foot length 45%–58% SVL (x = 52 ± 2%), male foot length 45%–57% SVL (x = 52 ± 2%).

LARVAL CHARACTERISTICS.—Unknown.

ADVERTISEMENT CALL.—Unknown.

KARYOTYPE.—Unknown.

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION.—Variation in adult morphologies was presented by major river drainage systems in “Core Region Analyses, Region 7—Andean Slopes.” There is no apparent geographic pattern with respect to size when the largest and smallest adult specimens (those ≤ or ≥ 1.5 standard deviations from mean) are plotted on a map. There are three cases where large and small individuals are geographically close.

DISTRIBUTION.—With the exception of a problematic specimen from Araracuara, Amazonas, Colombia (Figure 36, circle), all other specimens are known from the flanks of the northern Andes in Colombia from altitudes of 180–2600 m (Figure 36; Appendix 2).

Leptodactylus colombiensis ye una especie de ránidos de la familia Leptodactylidae.

Leptodactylus colombiensis és una espècie de granota que viu a Colòmbia i Veneçuela.

Leptodactylus colombiensis is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found in the foothills and lower slopes of the Andes in Colombia and westernmost Venezuela (Táchira).

Leptodactylus colombiensis is a common frog. It inhabits lowland and lower montane and montane humid forests. It can also be found in degraded habitats provided that there are puddles. It is a terrestrial and nocturnal species but one that is closely associated with waterbodies; it shelters on muddy holes near water.

Male Leptodactylus colombiensis grow to a snout–vent length of 33–56 mm (1.3–2.2 in) and females to 38–63 mm (1.5–2.5 in).

Leptodactylus colombiensis es una especie de ránidos de la familia Leptodactylidae.

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Leptodactylus colombiensis Leptodactylus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Leptodactylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Leptodactylus colombiensis est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Leptodactylidae.

Leptodactylus colombiensis é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Leptodactylidae.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Colômbia e Venezuela.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude, regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude, savanas húmidas, matagal húmido tropical ou subtropical, campos de gramíneas de baixa altitude subtropicais ou tropicais sazonalmente húmidos ou inundados, pântanos, marismas de água doce, marismas intermitentes de água doce, plantações , jardins rurais, áreas urbanas, florestas secundárias altamente degradadas, lagoas, terras irrigadas e canals e valas.

Leptodactylus colombiensis là một loài ếch thuộc họ Leptodactylidae. Loài này có ở Colombia và Venezuela. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, xavan ẩm, vùng cây bụi ẩm khu vực nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng ngập nước hoặc lụt theo mùa, đầm nước, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, các đồn điền, vườn nông thôn, các vùng đô thị, rừng trước đây suy thoái nghiêm trọng, ao, đất có tưới tiêu, và kênh đào và mương rãnh.