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Description ( englanti )

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It is quite similar to the Alpine Salamander (Salamandra atra atra), but differs from this in some morphological peculiarities, among which the size (maximum TL: 160 mm in S. lanzai versus 140 in S. atra), morphology of the tail’s tip (rounded vs. pointed), paravertebral glands (absent vs. present). The head is quite flattened. Dorsal and lateral skin black, without pattern. Small web-like skin structure between digits.It is one of the European amphibians with the narrow distribution. For this it is indispensable that special conservation actions will be run in the future. It is very "strange" that this species, characterised by a narrow distribution, alpine repartition (it is the only "true" Alpine endemic vertebrate), a peculiar reproductive mode and singular natural history traits, has not yet been included in important and "political" redlists. It is NOT an asterisked species in the HABITAT DIRECTIVE!! Urgent status changements are necessary. Up to now it has never been found in syntopy with Salamandra salamandra.

Viitteet

  • Andreone, F. (1992). ''Observations on the territorial and reproductive behaviour of Salamandra lanzai and considerations about its protection (Amphibia: Salamandridae).'' British Herpetological Society Bulletin, 39, 31-33.
  • Andreone, F. and Luiselli, L. (2000). ''The Italian batrachofauna and its conservation status: a statistical assessment.'' Biological Conservation, 96, 197-208.
  • Andreone, F. and Sindaco, R. (1999). Erpetologia del Piemonte e della Valle d’Aosta. Atlante degli Anfibi e dei Rettili. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino (Italy).
  • Andreone, F., Clima, V., and De Michelis, S. (1999). ''On the ecology of Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula, Bullini, 1988. Size, movements, and influence of climate on activity in a population of the upper Po Valley (Caudata: Salamandridae).'' Herpetozoa, 12(1/2), 3-10.
  • Andreone, F., De Michelis, S., and Clima, V. (1996). ''Preferenze ambientali in una popolazione di Salamandra lanzai.'' Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali - Acta Biologica, 71, 137-143.
  • Andreone, F., De Michelis, S., and Clima, V. (1999). ''A montane urodele and its feeding habits: Salamandra lanzai (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae) in the Alps of northwestern Italy.'' Italian Journal of Zoology, 66, 45-49.
  • Andreone, F., Miaud, C., Bergò, P., Doglio, S., Stocco, P., Ribéron, A., and Muratet, P. (2002). ''Living at high altitude: testing the natural history traits upon the conservation of Salamandra lanzai.'' Italian Journal of Zoology, (in press).
  • Andreone, F., Miaud, C., Bergó, P., Bovero, S., Doglio, S., Guyétant, R, Ribéron, A.and Stocco, P. (2002). ''Research and conservation activity on Salamandra lanzai in Italy and France (Urodela, Salamandridae).'' Proceedings of Third Conference Safeguard the Amphibians, Lugano, June 23-24, 2000. V. Ferri , eds., Cogecstre Edizioni, Penne, 9-19.
  • De Michelis, S., Andreone, F., Sindaco, R., and Clima, V. (1999). ''Aspetti ecologici e struttura di una popolazione di Salamandra lanzai (Urodela: Salamandridae) in alta Val Pellice (Provincia di Torino).'' Rivista Piemontese di Storia Naturale, 20, 241-248.
  • Miaud, C., Andreone, F., Ribéron, A., De Michelis, S., Clima, V., Castanet, J., Francillon-Vieillot, H., and Guyétant, R. (2001). ''Variations in age, size at maturity and gestation duration among two neighbouring populations of the alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai).'' Journal of Zoology, London, (254), 251-260.
  • Nascetti, G., Andreone, F., Capula, M. and Bullini, L. (1988). ''A new Salamandra species from Southwestern Alps.'' Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 6, 617-638.
  • Razzeti, E., Bonini, L., and Andreone, F. (2001). ''Lista ragionata di nomi comuni degli anfibi e dei rettili italiani.'' Italian Journal of Zoology, 68, 243-259.
  • Ribéron, A., Sotiriou, E., Miaud, C., Andreone, F., and Taberlet, P. (2001). ''Lack of genetic diversity in Salamandra lanzai revealed by cytochrome b gene sequences.'' Copeia, 2002(1), 229-232.

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Distribution and Habitat ( englanti )

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The range is restricted with a few localities in a narrow area of Cottian Alps around the Viso Massif, either in SE France (Guil Valley), or in NW Italy (Po, Germanasca, Pellice valleys). An old museum sample (Museum La Specola, Firenze)suggests its historical presence in the Maritime Alps. The species lives mainly on alpine meadows and slopes, often next to brooks. The lowest localities are positioned in mixed and coniferous forests. Altitude range goes from 1200 to about 2600 m. The record of 2800 m, as reported in some recent reports, together with the species' occurrence in the Chisone Valley (Italy), still need to be confirmed.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( englanti )

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This species is typical of high altitudes, and for this it seemed to be quite safe in terms of habitat alteration. Anyhow, recent observations at the lowest sites (Germanasca Valley, Piedmont) showed very heavy works in and around the stream bed, with the consequent heavy alteration of the neighbouring meadows where a conspicuous population lives. F. Andreone's feeling is that this population has become highly threatened. Nex year (2003) a study will be carried out at this site to understand if there have been remarkable changements in the population abundance. At another Italian site the important summer car traffic seems to threaten the population. Anyhow, the other populations seem to be quite safe, and the species in its whole does not seem to suffer, although it is necessary to carry out regular surveys to establish in detail its distribution and population density.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( englanti )

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The species become active during the Alpine summer, from about the beginning of May to October. During this period it is mainly nocturnal, although on the occasion of heavy rains it becomes diurnal. The species appears to be quite territorial, and old individuals show fidelity to the refuges (stones, old roots, etc.). When the weather is not good, the individuals hide under rocks or in deep crevices. S. lanzai is quite long-aged, and it can reach or overpass 20 years of age. The diet consists in a wide range of terrestrial invertebrates, varying upon the period of the season. Little is known about its breeding habits, although observations seem to indicate that the species copulate at the end of the summer. The pregnancy lasts at least 2 years, and the number of salamanderlets is variable from 1 to 6. The youngs are immediately adapted to the terrestrial life.
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Relation to Humans ( englanti )

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There is no special interactions between local communities and S. lanzai. The species is sometimes known and appreciated as valuable endemism.
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Biology ( englanti )

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Little is known of the ecology of this unusual alpine amphibian. It is active during summer, from May to October when it is typically nocturnal or crepuscular. In times of heavy rain it may become active during the day (2). It is a territorial species (4) and feeds on a broad range of land invertebrates, sometimes also living in the water (6). In periods of bad weather, individuals take refuge under rocks or in crevices (2). Very little is known of the reproductive behaviour of this salamander. They are thought to mate towards the end of summer. Between one and six young are produced, after a gestation period of up to three years (5). There is no 'tadpole' stage; instead, the young salamanders are immediately adapted to terrestrial life (2). Sexual maturity is reached at around eight years of age (4) and individuals can live for over 20 years (7).
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Conservation ( englanti )

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Surprisingly, this unique and vulnerable European alpine salamander is not included in important European conservation legislation or Red Lists, including the Habitats Directive. Regular monitoring and further research into this species are essential in order to inform future conservation actions (2) (8).
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Description ( englanti )

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The large alpine salamander was first described as recently as 1988 (3). It is a little-known species, that is generally similar in appearance to the alpine salamander (Salamandra atra). It differs in its larger size (2), the fact that it has a rounded tail tip, whereas the alpine salamander has a pointed tail, and the absence of glandular pores on the back (2). It is black in colour, has a flattened head and web-like skin between the digits (3).
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Habitat ( englanti )

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Found in alpine meadows, typically close to brooks (2). Its elevation distribution goes from about 1200 up to 2600 m (5).
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Range ( englanti )

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This species occurs in a restricted range consisting of just a few sites in the southwestern Alps of south-east France and north-west Italy (Cottian Alps) (2).
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Status ( englanti )

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This species is classified as Vulnerable (VU C2a) by the IUCN Red List 2003 (1).
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Threats ( englanti )

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The main threats facing this vulnerable species are thought to include habitat loss, drainage of habitats, disturbance by vehicles, over-collecting and genetic problems resulting from the very small sizes of populations (2). The small geographic distribution of this species means that it is very vulnerable to chance events, such as extreme weather. In some cases, erosion by alpine streams can be a problem for the survivorship of some populations (8).
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Sourd Lanza ( bretoni )

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Sourd Lanza (Salamandra lanzai) a zo un divelfenneg lostek hag a vev e Bro-C'hall hag Italia.

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Lanzas Alpensalamander ( saksa )

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Lanzas Alpensalamander (Salamandra lanzai) ist ein bis zu 16 Zentimeter langer Schwanzlurch aus der Familie der Salamandridae. Die Art lebt ausschließlich in einem kleinen Gebiet der Westalpen in der Grenzregion zwischen Italien und Frankreich. Sie ist dem Alpensalamander (Salamandra atra) sehr ähnlich, weist jedoch einen robusteren Körperbau sowie einen abgerundeten Schwanz auf. Gelegentlich wird Salamandra lanzai noch als Unterart des Alpensalamanders beschrieben, da aus genetischer Sicht die Variabilität für eine „echte“ Art sehr gering zu sein scheint.

Merkmale

Die Tiere erreichen eine Körpergröße von maximal 16,2 Zentimetern. Sie sind wie die Alpensalamander einheitlich lackschwarz gefärbt, allerdings etwas gedrungener als diese. Unterseits besteht eine bleigraue Färbung und hier verläuft eine Längsrinne bis zum Schwanz. Das Männchen lässt sich vom Weibchen äußerlich durch eine etwas stärker gewölbte Kloake unterscheiden.

Am Kopf sind neben den schwarzen Augen auch die hervortretenden Ohrdrüsen (Parotiden) deutlich zu erkennen. Entlang der Körperflanken besitzen die Tiere eine Reihe von warzigen und länglichen Erhebungen, die Drüsenausgänge enthalten. Der Rumpf wird seitlich durch elf bis dreizehn Rippenfurchen segmentiert. Der Schwanz ist etwas länger als der Rumpf und endet abgerundet.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Art ist auf die südwestlichen Cottischen Alpen im westlichen Piemont beschränkt. Die Lebensräume entsprechen denen des Alpensalamanders. Lanzas Alpensalamander kommt in Höhen zwischen etwa 1.200 und 2.600 Metern NN vor, wobei überwiegend Biotope wie feuchte Alpenweiden, Zwergstrauchheiden und Schutthalden besiedelt werden. Anzutreffen ist er hier beispielsweise unter Steinen oder Totholz. Das obere Val Sangone bildet die äußerste Grenze seines Vorkommens.[1]

Lebensweise

Lanzas Alpensalamander sind überwiegend nachtaktiv und ernähren sich zoophag von Insekten, Spinnen, verschiedenen Larven, Asseln, Schnecken und Regenwürmern.

Gefährdung und Schutz

Vor allem aufgrund des sehr begrenzten Lebensraumes könnte eine besondere Bedrohung der Tiere vorliegen; spezielle Schutzmaßnahmen sind allerdings nicht bekannt.

Gesetzlicher Schutzstatus (Auswahl)

Literatur

  • Andreas Nöllert, Christel Nöllert: Die Amphibien Europas. Franck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1992. ISBN 3-440-06340-2
  • Axel Kwet: Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Franck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2005. ISBN 3-440-10237-8
  • Alexandre Riberon, Effimia Sotiriou, Claude Miaud, Franco Androne & Pierre Taberlet (2002): Lack of Genetic Diversity in Salamandra lanzai Revealed by Cytochrome b Gene Sequences.Copeia, (1), S. 229–232.

Belege

  1. Giulia Tessa, Angelica Crottini, Franco Andreone: A new finding of Salamandra lanzai in the Upper Sangone Valley (NW Italy) marks the species’ most disjunct population (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae), in: Acta Herpetologica 2,1 (2007) 53–58.
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Lanzas Alpensalamander: Brief Summary ( saksa )

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Lanzas Alpensalamander (Salamandra lanzai) ist ein bis zu 16 Zentimeter langer Schwanzlurch aus der Familie der Salamandridae. Die Art lebt ausschließlich in einem kleinen Gebiet der Westalpen in der Grenzregion zwischen Italien und Frankreich. Sie ist dem Alpensalamander (Salamandra atra) sehr ähnlich, weist jedoch einen robusteren Körperbau sowie einen abgerundeten Schwanz auf. Gelegentlich wird Salamandra lanzai noch als Unterart des Alpensalamanders beschrieben, da aus genetischer Sicht die Variabilität für eine „echte“ Art sehr gering zu sein scheint.

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Lanza's alpine salamander ( englanti )

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Lanza's alpine salamander or the large alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae, found in France and Italy.[2] Its natural habitats are forests, grasslands, and pasturelands, all of which are temperate. It is threatened by habitat loss and potentially in the future by the fungal disease Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.

History

It was described by Nascetti, Andreone, Capula and Bullini in 1988. The generic name is from Greek which translates as "salamander", and the specific name is for Benedetto Lanza, an Italian herpetologist.[2]

Description

The species has a flat head[3] and measures between 115 and 160 millimetres (4.5 and 6.3 in) in length.[2] Its tail's tip is either rounded or pointed, with or without paravertebral glands.[3] Due to its black colour, it is similar to the other alpine salamander (Salamandra atra).[4]

Distribution

The species can be found in the Cottian Alps near Monviso, and in Guil Valley of southeastern France. It can also be found in northwestern Italy, the Germanasca, Pellice Valleys, and the Po River. It is doubtful in Chisone Valley. An old sample of the species in Museo La Specola in Florence suggests it is also found in the Maritime Alps.[3]

Ecology

They feed on various insects, spiders, and various species of slugs.[2]

Habitat

They are found at elevations of 1,200–2,600 m (3,900–8,500 ft), with the maximum altitude of 2,800 m (9,200 ft).[3] In France, the species can be found at 1,800–2,300 metres (5,900–7,500 ft), while in Italy it is found at 1,450–2,100 metres (4,760–6,890 ft) in altitude. A subalpine prairie is considered to be home for them. It also lives in fresh humid woods and forests and on the edges of mountainous streams.[2]

Mating and reproduction

They start mating on land, from May to October. During that time, they become nocturnal, but during heavy rains, they may become diurnal. Mating happens on land mostly in May, but it depends on the climate of any given year. They give birth from two to six young, which are born completely formed, after their mating act is successfully fulfilled, which is as long as three to four years.[2]

Toxicology

They are toxic species. When under threat, they release a liquid toxin through the small openings on their bodies. The liquid is strong and may cause irritation if in contact with the eyes. They warn predators by raising their bodies and dipping their heads downwards when threatened.[2]

Predators

Various birds and vipers are a threat to Lanza's alpine salamander.[2]

Conservation

This species is common within its very limited range, but due to its small distribution, it was previously classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. However, in 2022 it was precautionarily listed as critically endangered by the IUCN due to potential threats from the fungal disease Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, which has been recorded in nearby regions of Germany. If the fungus is allowed to spread naturally, it may be at risk of extinction within the next 40 years, and possibly sooner if humans introduce the disease nearby.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022). "Salamandra lanzai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T19845A89699123.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Lanza's Alpine Salamander, Salamandra lanzai". Reptiles and Amphibiens de France. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d "Salamandra lanzai". Retrieved February 27, 2013.
  4. ^ "Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula & Bullini, 1988 Lanza's Alpine Salamander". Retrieved February 27, 2013.

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Lanza's alpine salamander: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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Lanza's alpine salamander or the large alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae, found in France and Italy. Its natural habitats are forests, grasslands, and pasturelands, all of which are temperate. It is threatened by habitat loss and potentially in the future by the fungal disease Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.

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Salamandra lanzai ( baski )

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Salamandra lanzai Salamandra generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Salamandridae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Salamandra lanzai: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Salamandra lanzai Salamandra generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Salamandridae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Salamandre de Lanza ( ranska )

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Salamandra lanzai

Salamandra lanzai, la Salamandre de Lanza, est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Salamandridae[1]. Elle fait partie des six espèces animales présentes en France et dites "extraordinaires" ou "originales", selon le programme Edge (Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered) pour la préservation des espèces animales menacées présentant des qualités évolutives uniques[2].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre de 1 200 à 2 200 m d'altitude dans les Alpes cottiennes, aux environs du Mont Viso en Italie et dans la haute vallée du Guil dans les Hautes-Alpes en France[1], en particulier dans la Réserve naturelle nationale de Ristolas - Mont-Viso.

Description

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Salamandra Lanzai rencontrée au Piano dei Morti, dans le haut Val Pellice
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Salamandra lanzai

Cette espèce mesure jusqu'à 160 mm.

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Benedetto Lanza.

Publication originale

  • Nascetti, Andreone, Capula & Bullini, 1988 : A new Salamandra species from southwestern Alps (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae). Bollettino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, vol. 6, p. 617-638.

Notes et références

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Salamandre de Lanza: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Salamandra lanzai

Salamandra lanzai, la Salamandre de Lanza, est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Salamandridae. Elle fait partie des six espèces animales présentes en France et dites "extraordinaires" ou "originales", selon le programme Edge (Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered) pour la préservation des espèces animales menacées présentant des qualités évolutives uniques.

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Salamandra lanzai ( Italia )

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La salamandra di Lanza (Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula & Bullini, 1988), è un anfibio urodelo della famiglia Salamandridae[2]. Il nome della specie è un omaggio all'erpetologo fiorentino Benedetto Lanza.

Descrizione

È di color nero liquirizia. In passato è stata confusa con la Salamandra atra, diffusa nelle Alpi Orientali, da cui si distingue per caratteri morfologici e genetici. Tra i caratteri morfologici ricordiamo una maggiore lunghezza, la testa più larga e appiattita, la coda arrotondata sulla punta. Le dimensioni vanno da 12 a 20 cm.

Distribuzione e habitat

Endemica delle Alpi Cozie, si trova in particolare sul massiccio del Monviso, in val Germanasca, valle Po, val Pellice nella valle del Guil tra i 1200 e i 2600 metri di altitudine in boschi misti di latifoglie o conifere e praterie.

La scoperta e la descrizione di questa salamandra alpina alla fine degli anni ottanta fu uno degli eventi di maggior interesse per la zoologia italiana. La presenza di salamandre nere o alpine in diverse vallate attorno al Monviso era, di fatto, nota fin dal XIX secolo, ai tempi di Lorenzo Camerano e di Michele Lessona (zoologi all'Università di Torino), ma nessuno aveva compreso quanto quelle grosse salamandre lucide e nere fossero distinte dalle consorelle dell'arco alpino orientale (Salamandra atra). Da allora molte ricerche sono state condotte su Salamandra lanzai, che, a buon titolo, rappresenta un vero simbolo per gli endemismi delle Alpi Cozie. Da allora la sua presenza è stata confermata sul versante francese, mentre in Italia, oltre che nelle testate delle valli Po, Germanasca e Pellice, è stata recentemente trovata in alta Val Sangone.

Biologia

Si tratta di un anfibio di alta montagna (al di sopra dei 1200 m), caratterizzato da viviparità e da un tasso di riproduzione molto ridotto (1-6 piccoli partoriti ogni 3 anni), nonché da una spiccata sensibilità alle alterazioni ambientali. Per tali ragioni la specie è oggetto di particolare attenzione del mondo della conservazione, negli ultimi anni molto attento al generale declino degli anfibi.

Conservazione

S. lanzai è classificata dalla IUCN Red List come specie vulnerabile.[1]
In territorio italiano le popolazioni di questo anfibio si sono sensibilmente ridotte per via degli interventi antropici. Si ricordano in proposito i lavori in alveo in alta Val Germanasca, che hanno comportato la scomparsa del 50% della popolazione di salamandre, oppure i drastici interventi nella Conca del Pra (Val Pellice), trasformata da luogo di grande interesse naturalistico in un esteso ghiaieto, ostile non solo per la sopravvivenza della salamandra di Lanza, ma anche per gran parte della restante fauna.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Franco Andreone, Claude Miaud, Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Philippe Geniez 2008, Salamandra lanzai, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Salamandra lanzai, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 14 ottobre 2014.

Bibliografia

  • Andreone, F. (1992). Observations on the territorial and reproductive behaviour of Salamandra lanzai and considerations about its protection (Amphibia: Salamandridae). British Herpetological Society Bulletin, 39, 31-33.
  • Andreone, F. and Luiselli, L. (2000). The Italian batrachofauna and its conservation status: a statistical assessment. Biological Conservation, 96, 197-208.
  • Andreone, F. and Sindaco, R. (1999). Erpetologia del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Atlante degli Anfibi e dei Rettili. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino (Italy).
  • Andreone, F., Clima, V., and De Michelis, S. (1999). On the ecology of Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula, Bullini, 1988. Size, movements, and influence of climate on activity in a population of the upper Po Valley (Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetozoa, 12(1/2), 3-10.
  • Andreone, F., De Michelis, S., and Clima, V. (1996). Preferenze ambientali in una popolazione di Salamandra lanzai. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali - Acta Biologica, 71, 137-143.
  • Andreone, F., De Michelis, S., and Clima, V. (1999). A montane urodele and its feeding habits: Salamandra lanzai (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae) in the Alps of northwestern Italy. Italian Journal of Zoology, 66, 45-49.
  • Andreone, F., Miaud, C., Bergò, P., Doglio, S., Stocco, P., Ribéron, A., and Muratet, P. (2002). Living at high altitude: testing the natural history traits upon the conservation of Salamandra lanzai. Italian Journal of Zoology, (in press).
  • Andreone, F., Miaud, C., Bergò, P., Bovero, S., Doglio, S., Guyétant, R, Ribéron, A.and Stocco, P. (2002). Research and conservation activity on Salamandra lanzai in Italy and France (Urodela, Salamandridae). Proceedings of Third Conference Safeguard the Amphibians, Lugano, June 23-24, 2000. V. Ferri, eds., Cogecstre Edizioni, Penne, 9-19.
  • De Michelis, S., Andreone, F., Sindaco, R., and Clima, V. (1999). Aspetti ecologici e struttura di una popolazione di Salamandra lanzai (Urodela: Salamandridae) in alta Val Pellice (Provincia di Torino). Rivista Piemontese di Storia Naturale, 20, 241-248.
  • Gasc, J.-P. Cabela A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic J., Dolmen D., Grossenbacher K., Haffner P., Lescure J., Martens H., Martínez Rica J.P., Maurin H., Oliveira M.E., Sofianidou T.S., Veith M. & Zuiderwijk A. (eds.), 1997. Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe - Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (IEGB/SPN), Paris, 496 pp..
  • Greven, H. and Thiesmeier, B., eds. (1994). Biology of Salamandra and Mertensiella (Mertensiella Supplement 4). DGHT, Bonn.
  • Griffiths, R.A. (1996). Newts and Salamanders of Europe. T. and A. D. Poyser, London.
  • Miaud, C., Andreone, F., Ribéron, A., De Michelis, S., Clima, V., Castanet, J., Francillon-Vieillot, H., and Guyétant, R. (2001). Variations in age, size at maturity and gestation duration among two neighbouring populations of the alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai). Journal of Zoology, London, (254), 251-260.
  • Nascetti, G., Andreone, F., Capula, M. and Bullini, L. (1988). A new Salamandra species from Southwestern Alps. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 6, 617-638.
  • Nöllert, A. and Nöllert, C. (1992). Die Amphibien Europas. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH and Company, Stuttgart.
  • Razzetti, E., Bonini, L., and Andreone, F. (2001). Lista ragionata di nomi comuni degli anfibi e dei rettili italiani. Italian Journal of Zoology, 68, 243-259.
  • Ribéron, A., Sotiriou, E., Miaud, C., Andreone, F., and Taberlet, P. (2001). Lack of genetic diversity in Salamandra lanzai revealed by cytochrome b gene sequences. Copeia, 2002(1), 229-232.

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Salamandra lanzai: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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La salamandra di Lanza (Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula & Bullini, 1988), è un anfibio urodelo della famiglia Salamandridae. Il nome della specie è un omaggio all'erpetologo fiorentino Benedetto Lanza.

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Lanza's alpenlandsalamander ( flaami )

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Herpetologie

Lanza's alpenlandsalamander[2] (Salamandra lanzai) is een salamander uit de familie echte salamanders of Salamandridae.[3] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Giuseppe Nascetti, Franco Andreone, Massimo Capula en Luciano Bullini in 1988. De soortaanduiding lanzai is een eerbetoon aan Benedetto Lanza.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

Lanza's alpenlandsalamander lijkt op en is ook verwant aan de vuursalamanders, maar mist altijd de felle vlekken en is gitzwart van kleur, de huid is altijd glanzend. Hiermee lijkt de soort op de 'normale' alpenlandsalamander (Salamandra atra), maar deze laatste soort heeft soms gele vlekken die Lanza's salamander altijd mist. Er zijn nog wel andere verschillen, zo wordt deze soort iets groter, heeft een afgeronde staartpunt in plaats van een meer spitse staartpunt, een langere staart en kleine zwemvliezen tussen de tenen, die bij de alpenlandsalamander volledig ontbreken. De maximale lengte is ongeveer 16 centimeter.

Voorkomen

Lanza's alpenlandsalamander komt voor in de Alpen in Frankrijk en Italië.[4] Het voedsel van deze soort is goed onderzocht, de salamander leeft hoofdzakelijk van insecten, maar ook spinnen, miljoenpoten, landslakken, kreeftachtigen en regenwormen werden aangetroffen in de magen van de dieren. Het voedsel verschilt wat per jaargetijde. De salamander is hoofdzakelijk nachtactief, maar na een flinke regenbui of bij vochtig weer kan de soort ook overdag worden aangetroffen. Bij droge omstandigheden zit de salamander verstopt onder stenen of in de strooisellaag van het bos.

Voortplanting

Over de voortplanting is weinig bekend, waarschijnlijk vindt de paring plaats aan het eind van de zomer, het vrouwtje heeft een draagtijd van meer dan twee jaar en de jongen komen volledig ontwikkeld ter wereld en kennen geen vrijzwemmend larvestadium in het oppervlaktewater. Nadeel is dat het aantal jongen niet meer is dan 1 tot 6, andere salamanders produceren honderden eitjes, waarvan het grootste deel echter al vlak na het uitkomen wordt opgegeten. De salamander kan in de natuur meer dan 20 jaar oud worden.

Referenties
  1. (en) Lanza's alpenlandsalamander op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Nöllert, A & Nöllert, C, Die Amphibien Europas, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Company, Stuttgart, 1992, Pagina 184, 185. ISBN 90-5210-419-0.
  3. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Salamandra lanzai.
  4. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Salamandra lanzai.
Bronnen
  • (nl) - Nöllert, A & Nöllert, C - Die Amphibien Europas (1992) - Pagina 184, 185 - Uitgever Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Company - Stuttgart - ISBN 90-5210-419-0
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Salamandra lanzai - Website Geconsulteerd 30 maart 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Salamandra lanzai - Website
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Lanza's alpenlandsalamander: Brief Summary ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

Lanza's alpenlandsalamander (Salamandra lanzai) is een salamander uit de familie echte salamanders of Salamandridae. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Giuseppe Nascetti, Franco Andreone, Massimo Capula en Luciano Bullini in 1988. De soortaanduiding lanzai is een eerbetoon aan Benedetto Lanza.

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Salamandra lanzai ( portugali )

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Salamandra lanzai é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Salamandridae. Pode ser encontrada na França e na Itália.

Referências

  • Andreone, F.; Miaud, C. 2004. Salamandra lanzai. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 12 de setembro de 2008.
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Salamandra lanzai: Brief Summary ( portugali )

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Salamandra lanzai é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Salamandridae. Pode ser encontrada na França e na Itália.

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Lanzas grottsalamander ( ruotsi )

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Lanzas grottsalamander (Salamandra lanzai) är ett groddjur i familjen salamandrar.

Utseende

Lanzas grottsalamander är mycket lik den nära släktingen alpsalamander, som den tidigare betraktades som en underart till. Den är dock något större; som mest kan den bli upp till 16 cm lång, den har en mera avrundad svansspets och saknar parotidkörtlar. Färgen är vanligtvis helsvart utan mönster. Trots att den inte lever i vatten har fötterna simhudsliknande hudveck.[2]

Vanor

Arten lever i klippig bergsterräng som alpängar och bergssluttningar, oftast ovan trädgränsen och nära rinnande vatten. På lägre nivåer återfinns den i barr- och blandskog. Den lever främst på höjder mellan 1 200 och 2 600 meter, även om det finns obekräftade uppgifter om att den skall ha iakttagits på 2 800 meters höjd. Födan består av allehanda ryggradslösa djur. Lanzas grottsalamander är aktiv mellan början av maj till oktober och framför allt nattetid, även om kraftiga regn kan få den att visa sig även under dagen. Under resten av dygnet gömmer den sig under stenar, i klippskrevor och dylikt. Arten är långlivad, och kan bli åtminstone 20 år gammal.[2]

Fortplantning

Litet är känt om artens fortplantning, men det förefaller som om den skulle para sig under sensommaren. Dräktigheten varar åtminstone 2 år, varefter honan föder 1 till 6 välutvecklade ungar.[2]

Utbredning

Arten finns i ett begränsat område i de västra alperna i sydöstra Frankrike och nordvästra Italien.[1]

Status

Lanzas grottsalamander är klassad som sårbar ("VU", underklassning "D2") på grund av det begränsade utbredningsområdet och populationen, men beståndet anses vara stabilt.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c] Salamandra lanzaiIUCN:s rödlista (engelska). Auktorer: Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Franco Andreone, Claude Miaud, Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Philippe Geniez (2008), besökt 2009-07-24.
  2. ^ [a b c] Franco Andreone och Sergius L. Kuzmin, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino (Italien) resp. ryska vetenskapsakademins institut för ekologi och evolution, Moskva. (1999-11-10, uppdaterad 2008-01-05). ”Salamandra lanzai” (på engelska). AmphibiaWeb, University of California. http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_&table=amphib&where-genus=Salamandra&where-species=lanzai. Läst 24 juli 2009.
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Lanzas grottsalamander: Brief Summary ( ruotsi )

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Lanzas grottsalamander (Salamandra lanzai) är ett groddjur i familjen salamandrar.

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Salamandra lanzai ( ukraina )

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Назва

Вид названий на честь італійського герпетолога Бенедетто Ланци.

Поширення

Цей вид зустрічається тільки на дуже невеликій площі у західних Альпах на кордоні Італії та Франції. Він зустрічається у долинах річок По, Пєлліче і Германаска в Італії, і в долині річки Гіль у Франції. Ізольована популяція було недавно виявлена в долині Чізоне, Італія.

Опис

Тіло чорного забарвлення, 11-16 см завдовжки. Голова плоска, хвіст заокруглений або загострений.[2]

Примітки

  1. Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Franco Andreone, Claude Miaud, Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Philippe Geniez (2009). Salamandra lanzai: інформація на сайті МСОП (англ.) February 26, 2013
  2. Salamandra lanzai. amphibiaweb.org. Процитовано February 27, 2013.
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Salamandra lanzai ( vietnam )

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Kỳ giông núi Lanza hoặc kỳ giông núi lớn (tên khoa học: Salamandra lanzai) là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Salamandridae, được tìm thấy ở Pháp và Ý[2]. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng, đồng cỏ và các bãi cỏ chăn thả gia súc, tất cả đều ở vùng ôn đới. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Salamandra lanzai. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2012.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. 2009. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 2013.
  2. ^ “Lanza's Alpine Salamander, Salamandra lanzai”. Reptiles and Amphibiens de France. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết động vật lưỡng cư này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Salamandra lanzai: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Kỳ giông núi Lanza hoặc kỳ giông núi lớn (tên khoa học: Salamandra lanzai) là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Salamandridae, được tìm thấy ở Pháp và Ý. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng, đồng cỏ và các bãi cỏ chăn thả gia súc, tất cả đều ở vùng ôn đới. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

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Salamandra lanzai ( venäjä )

tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Беспанцирные
Подотряд: Salamandroidea
Семейство: Саламандровые
Подсемейство: Salamandrinae
Вид: Salamandra lanzai
Международное научное название

Salamandra lanzai Andreone, Capula & Bullini, 1988

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ITIS 668394NCBI 177059EOL 331870

Salamandra lanzai (лат.) — вид хвостатых земноводных из семейства настоящие саламандры. Видовое название дано в честь итальянского герпетолога Бенедетто Ланца[1].

Этот вид встречается только на очень небольшой площади в западных Альпах на границе Италии и Франции. Он встречается в долинах рек По, Пелличе и Германаска в Италии, и в долине реки Гиль во Франции. Изолированная популяция была недавно обнаружена в долине Чизоне, Италия.

Тело чёрного окраса, длиной 11-16 см. Голова плоская, хвост закруглённый или заострённый[2].

Саламандры активны преимущественно ночью и питаются насекомыми, пауками, личинками, равноногими, моллюсками и дождевыми червями.

Примечания

  1. Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M. 2013. The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Exeter, England: Pelagic Publishing Ltd. 262 pp. ISBN 978-1-907807-41-1.
  2. Salamandra lanzai (неопр.). Проверено 27 февраля 2013.
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Salamandra lanzai: Brief Summary ( venäjä )

tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию

Salamandra lanzai (лат.) — вид хвостатых земноводных из семейства настоящие саламандры. Видовое название дано в честь итальянского герпетолога Бенедетто Ланца.

Этот вид встречается только на очень небольшой площади в западных Альпах на границе Италии и Франции. Он встречается в долинах рек По, Пелличе и Германаска в Италии, и в долине реки Гиль во Франции. Изолированная популяция была недавно обнаружена в долине Чизоне, Италия.

Тело чёрного окраса, длиной 11-16 см. Голова плоская, хвост закруглённый или заострённый.

Саламандры активны преимущественно ночью и питаются насекомыми, пауками, личинками, равноногими, моллюсками и дождевыми червями.

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