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Pigtail macaques affect their ecosystems with their foraging habits. By eating the fruits, leaves, and other vegetation they participate in spreading seeds around the forest. Their diets include many fruits, plants, fungus and other living things such as insects, nestling birds, and river crabs.
Pigtail macaques are also known to participate in exploitative and interference competition with white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar). This in turn affects the amount of resources available to white-handed gibbons (Whitington, 1992).
One study of a colony of pigtail macaques in captivity showed them to be intermediate hosts of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Pigtail macaques can become infected with this by eating E. granulosus eggs in the feces of canids. Canids are the definitive host of this parasite.
About 90% of macaques and old-world monkeys are infected with respiratory mites. These mites affect the lungs of the monkeys.
A study was conducted on parasites in an outdoor breeding colony in Louisiana. The study included baboons, rhesus macaques, and pigtail macaques and the data reflect the parasites for all three species combined. The study did a fecal and blood survey of over 4000 of the animals. Endemic pathogenic intestinal parasites included Trichuris trichiura found in 35%, Strongyloides fülleborni found in 34%, Balantium coli found in 21%, and Giardia lamblia found in 0.3%. Only one endemic pathogenic blood parasite was found, which was Trypansoma cruzi in 0.8%.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Pigtail macaques have been domesticated and trained in some areas of the Malay peninsula by farmers to retrieve coconuts and other fruit from trees.
Pigtail macaques are sought for use in medical research, such as research on HIV. Local populations of humans hunt them for food.
Positive Impacts: food ; source of medicine or drug ; research and education
Pigtail macaques are pests to farmers because they often raid crops. They steal corn and coconuts from local crops and use lookouts to warn the group of the approach of humans (Cawthon Lang, 2009).
Negative Impacts: crop pest
Pigtail macaques are classified as vulnerable on the IUCN redlist. Their vulnerability comes from many sources. The first source that poses a threat for the pigtail macaques is destruction of their natural habitat. From large scale timber companies cutting down trees to small families taking wood for fire or building, each time forests are cut, pigtail macaque habitat is destroyed. Effective protection of forested habitat and education of local people is necessary to help protect this species.
Pigtail macaques are often killed by locals for food. They are being shot and killed at higher rates in some places, such as Borneo, where they are becoming rare (Nowak, 1999). Pigtail macaques are also targeted in order to become the subjects of biomedical research especially for research on HIV/AIDS (Cawthon Lang, 2009).
Another threat to pigtail macaques, especially in India, is the effects of the nearby coal mines. Pollution from the coal mines is harmful to the pigtail macaques that live nearby. This problem could be solved by the Indian government taking steps to regulate the coal mining system.
One promising conservation effort was reported in a study by Steinmetz, Chutipong, and Seuaturien (2006). They led wildlife workshops in local villages in Southeast Asia in order to teach villagers about the status of endangered animals (including pigtail macaques) and what to do to help these animals thrive. The workshops involved assessing the level of danger to the animals, determining what activities were leading to the endangerment of the species, and coming up with a plan of action to protect the species. The study also involved inter-village cooperation. Villages were brought together to understand and help these endangered animals. This study had promising results that led to less killing of pigtail macaques in the villages that participated. It is possible that implementing more educational workshops and cooperative programs could lead to helping change the vulnerable status of pigtail macaques and other species.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
Some researchers describe pigtail macaques as silent monkeys because they seem to be very quiet. When seen running away after an episode of crop raiding, pigtail macaques are almost completely silent. This silent tactic is not limited to simply crop raiding and shows up in most encounters where pigtail macaques are fleeing a certain area. However, they do make a lot of vocalizations. The most often used vocalization when moving through the middle and upper canopies of the rainforest is the “coo.” It is generally used while pigtail macaques are foraging and can be either a short call or a long call, depending on the information being exchanged. Some other vocalizations are made when pigtail macaques are being threatened or endangered, especially during agonistic encounters with other pigtail macaques. These other sounds include “squeals,” “screams,” “growls,” “barks,” and “screeches.”
Pigtail macaques use other forms of communication like visual cues and body postures. Both males and females use a form of puckering to communicate. Males use their lips to attract females who are in estrous for mating, which generally occurs right after the communication exchange. But males also direct this facial expression to other males. In this case, it usually makes the lower-ranking male withdraw from the encounter. Another way to threaten other males is to shake branches. This is also used to attract females for copulation. Pigtail macaques use another very common facial expression that includes bared teeth and silence. However, unlike the puckering lips, lower-ranking males direct this signal to more dominant males. Females have their own form of visual cues. When in estrous they get large anogenital swellings that turn a purple-pink color. This allows males to know that they are ready for copulation. Like other primates, touch and chemical cues also are likely to play a role in social communication.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Pigtail macaques are primarily frugivorous. The vast majority of the foods that they eat are fruits, but they also eat insects, seeds, leaves, dirt, and fungus (Cawthon Lang, 2009). Other foods in the diet of pigtail macaques include nestling birds, termite eggs and larvae, and river crabs (Rowe, 1996). Pigtail macaques are ground foragers. They divide into small groups while foraging (about 2 to 6) but keep in contact with the other groups through vocalizations. They range widely when searching for food. Pigtail macaques are known for raiding the fruit crops of farmers. They will set up a guard to look for humans and shout a warning signal to those in the fields (Cawthon Lang, 2009).
Research in captivity has looked at which types of fruits and vegetables are preferred by pigtail macaques. The foods chosen at the highest frequency by the pigtail macaques studied were mango and pineapple. The food chosen least was carrots (Laska, 2001).
Animal Foods: birds; insects; aquatic crustaceans
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts
Other Foods: fungus
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Pigtail macaques are widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia in the oriental biogeographic region. They are found in many countries including India (northeast), China (south), Indonesia (Borneo, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Bangladesh (east), Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia (Malay Peninsula) (Cawthon Lang, 2009). Also found in Assam, Yunnan, Indochina, Bangka, and neighboring islands (Nowak, 1999).
Macaque species are often capable of being introduced into other areas of the world with success. Pigtail macaques have been introduced in Singapore and the Natuna Islands (Nowak, 1999).
Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Introduced , Native )
Pigtail macaques live in elevations starting at sea level and ranging to above 2000 m. They live in forests, mostly rainforests, and swamps. They prefer dense, humid rainforest with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius (64 to 86 Fahrenheit). Temperatures change seasonally and vary regionally. Rainforests they inhabit also get more than 2500 mm (8.20 ft) of rain each year.
Range elevation: 0 to >2000 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest
Wetlands: swamp
Pigtail macaques have an expected lifespan of about 26 years in the wild if they survive to sexual maturity. Captive individuals have lived up to almost 35 years.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 30 (high) years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 26 years.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 34.3 (high) years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 27.1 years.
Pigtail macaques get their name from a unique feature of their morphology. Their short tails, which they carry half-erect, resemble the tails of pigs, thus giving them their name "pigtail" macaque. Their tails also have very little hair or no hair at all (Cawthon Lang, 2009). Tail length for females varies from 130 mm to 253 mm and for males the tail length varies from 160 mm to 245 mm (Rowe, 1996).
Pigtail macaques have light brown hair covering their bodies and white underbellies. The hair on the top of their heads is either dark brown or black and grows so that it looks like they have an indentation on the tops of their heads (Cawthon Lang, 2009). Males have mane-like hair around their faces (Wildscreen, 2003). Pigtail macaques also have long legs and hairless snouts (Wildscreen, 2003). Infant pigtail macaques are born black and develop adult coloration as they age (Cawthon Lang, 2009).
Pigtail macaques are sexually dimorphic, with males being larger (Cawthon Lang, 2009). Females are roughly half the size of males (Wildscreen, 2003). The average length of males varies from 495 mm to 564 mm. The average weight of males varies from 6.2 kg to 14.5 kg. The average length of females varies from 467 mm to 564 mm. The average weight of females varies from 4.7 kg to 10.9 kg (Cawthon Lang, 2009; Rowe, 1996). Males also have large canine teeth that average 12 mm in length. These teeth are often used in agonistic encounters (Cawthon Lang, 2009). The average length of female canine teeth is 7.3 mm (Rowe, 1996).
The average weight of the brain of an adult pigtail macaque is 106 g (Rowe, 1996). Pigtail macaques move around on the ground and throughout the trees on all fours (quadrupedally) (Cawthon Lang, 2009).
Range mass: 4.7 to 14.5 kg.
Range length: 467 to 564 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; sexes shaped differently
Perhaps one of the biggest predators of pigtail macaques is humans. Pigtail macaques are hunted and killed by humans for food, medicinal purposes, and for research (Cawthon Lang, 2009). Native predators are not reported, but are likely to include large felids or snakes.
Pigtail macaques often come in contact with white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar). White-handed gibbons compete with the pigtail macaques for resources and are often an annoyance to pigtail macaques (Rowe, 1996).
Known Predators:
Pigtail macaques are not monogamous and females will mate with multiple males during a lifetime. They do not discriminate between adolescents and adult males. When there are only a few females that are in estrus, the highest ranking males will be able to monopolize them. They can keep younger and lower-ranking males from attempting to mate and will often act aggressively toward the male and the female if the lower-ranking male attempts to copulate. However, if there are more than a few females in estrus, the top ranking males cannot effectively control females and lower-ranking males gain opportunities to copulate. When a female reaches sexual maturity at 3 years of age, she can present herself to males with her anogenital swelling during estrus for reproduction. When this time comes, the female will show her backside, including her anogenital swelling, and look over her shoulder at the male. The male will then draw back his ears and push his lips outward.
Although higher-ranking males are generally able to copulate more frequently with more females, this does not mean that they produce more offspring than do lower-ranking males. According to a study done with captive pigtail macaques, female rank is more important to reproductive success. It also helps to determine the sex of offspring. Higher-ranking female pigtail macaques will produce female offspring. This is because female infants are more energetically expensive. They require a lot more attention from their mothers because they stay with the group and nurse more often. Higher-ranking females can benefit from this because they gain allies in their daughters. Lower-ranking females will give birth to male offspring because they nurse less often and do not require as much attention. Once they are old enough they leave the group to join another group, hopefully gaining a higher position in that group through competition.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Pigtail macaques are year-round breeders. However, there is a slight increase during the months of January and May. Females have reproductive cycle of about 30 to 35 days and during this time display a large, purple-pink anogenital swelling. They give birth to single infants after a gestation period between 162 and 186 days. Young pigtail macaques are then nursed for 8 to 12 months. After one year pigtail macaques are considered adolescents until they reach reproductive maturity at the age of 3 years old for females and 4.5 years old for males.
Breeding interval: The breeding interval is between 1 year and 2 years.
Breeding season: Pigtail macaques breed throughout the year.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Range gestation period: 162 to 186 days.
Average gestation period: 171 days.
Average weaning age: 12 months.
Range time to independence: 8 to 12 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 3 to 3.5 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 4 to 4.5 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Females provide the majority of care for the young. Mothers nurse young, carry them, and protect them throughout their first year of life. After that they still provide some care, especially to female offspring, generally through grooming and social support. This can last throughout their whole lives or until they leave the natal group.
During the first month of their lives, offspring and mothers are hardly ever separated. After the fifth week though, the infant will separate from its mother and begin to explore its surroundings. This can cause problems because the infant is then in danger of being kidnapped by other adult females. This is particularly the case when higher-ranking females seize lower-ranking female’s offspring. However, if the infant is separated from its mother for too long, it will more than likely die from starvation or dehydration.
When pigtail macaques are born they have a black coat, but by the third month of life, this starts to change to an olive brown, which is typical of adults. At one year old pigtail macaques are no longer considered infants. After one year pigtail macaques are considered adolescents until they reach reproductive maturity at the age of 3 for females and 4.5 for males.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning; maternal position in the dominance hierarchy affects status of young
Macaca nemestrina is a medium sized primate with light brown fur, which is found in a portion of Southeast Asia from southern Thailand to the island of Borneo. This primate is deemed chiefly terrestrial, but also exhibits arboreal traits. Its habitat is threatened by expansion of oil palm plantations which have been created in prior lowland rainforests; slash and burn practices, especially in Indonesian Borneo have also destroyed and fragmented considerable habitat area. Colouration is a light brown, with even lighter undersides, the tail and elongated muzzle being nearly hairless (Cawthon Lang. 2009) The common name is associated with the trait of this primate's tail held in a semi-erect fashion, much like the nature of a pig's tail.
M. nemestrina occurs in Malaysia (including the Malay Peninsula and Sabah and Sarawak Borneo), Indonesia (Bangka, Kalimantan Borneo and Sumatra), Brunei as well as southern peninsular Thailand. There are also small populations of M. nemestrina on Singapore Island as well as the Natuna Islands. (Groves. 2001) M. nemestrina is known to hybridize with its close relative M. leonine in southern peninsular Thailand and on the islands of Yao Yai and Phuket. (Groves. 2001) Unlike most primates in the region, the Sunda pig tailed macaque is almost evenly distributed among montane and lowland rainforests. (World Wildlife Fund & Hogan. 2011)
M. nemestrina is found in lowland and montane rainforests from sea level up to elevation at least 2000 metres. Troops often occur in swamp forests, riparian zones and coastal zones. M. nemestrina is considered a primate that is diurnally active, being chiefly a frugivore in food consumption; however, insects, aquatic crustaceans and leafy materials are also eaten. (Laska. 2001) Lifespan in the wild is on the order of three decades. The species is considered polygynandrous, with mating occurring virtually throughout the year. A female typically gives birth to a single infant subsequent to a gestation interval ranging from 23 to 26 weeks. The offspring are nursed for a period of 35 to 52 weeks. After weaning, M. nemestrina is considered to be an adolescent, until attaining reproductive maturity at the age of around three years old for females and four and one half years for males.
M. nemestrina is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN under Red List criterion A2cd ver 3.1. (Richardson et al. 2008) The principal threat to this species has been the human population explosion in the lowland rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia, along with concomitant habitat destruction for creation of oil palm plantations in this region. In addition to habitat loss, the species has been systematically persecuted by farmers, who consider this primate as a cause for certain crop predation. According to Richardson et al (2008) the total population of M. nemestrina has declined by approximately thirty percent since the early 1970s.
El macaco de cua de porc meridional (Macaca nemestrina) és un mico del Vell Món de mida mitjana.
La paraula que fa referència a l'espècie, nemestrina, és un adjectiu (derivat del llatí Nemestrinus, el déu de les arbredes) modificat per concordar en gènere amb el nom genèric femení.[1]
Anteriorment es considerava que el macaco de cua de porc septentrional, el macaco de l'illa Pagai i el macaco de Siberut eren subespècies d'aquesta espècie.[2]
Macaca nemestrina pot arribar a un pes de 5-15 kg en mascles grans. Aquests micos són marrons amb un to més fosc cap enrere i amb les parts inferiors com a parts més clares del cos. El seu nom comú es refereix a la seva cua semi-erecte, la qual recorda a la cua d'un porc.
Ells són principalment terrestres però també són escaladors experts. A diferència de gairebé tots els primats els encanta l'aigua. Viuen en grans grups i es divideixen en grups més petits durant el dia quan estan buscant aliment. Són omnívors, s'alimenten principalment de fruits,llavors,baies,cereals,fongs i invertebrats.
Hi ha una jerarquia entre els homes, basada en la força, i entre les femelles, basada en l'herència. Per tant, la filla de la femella dominant immediatament es col·locarà per sobre de totes les altres dones en el grup. La femella dominant lidera el grup, mentre que el paper masculí és més per gestionar conflictes dins el grup i per defensar-la.
La maduresa sexual s'aconsegueix a l'edat de 3-5 anys. La gestació de la dona dura aproximadament 6 mesos. Ella donarà a llum a un nadó cada dos anys. El deslletament es produeix als 4-5 mesos.
Aquest macaco omnívor viu principalment al bosc, però també entra a plantacions i jardins.[3]
Viu a la meitat sud de la Península de Malacca (el seu àmbit de distribució amb prou feines arriba a l'extrem sud de Tailàndia), Borneo, Sumatra i l'illa de Bangka.[2]Hi ha informes que mencionen que aquesta espècie havia estat trobada a Singapur abans de 1950, però segurament eren mascotes que van escapar-se.[4]
El macaco de cua de porc meridional (Macaca nemestrina) és un mico del Vell Món de mida mitjana.
Makak vepří (Macaca nemestrina), jinak též kudan svinský, opice vepří, lapunder je primát z čeledi kočkodanovití (Cercopithecidae) a rodu makak (Macaca). Druh popsal Carl Linné v roce 1766.
Tito makakové se vyskytují v jihovýchodní Asii. Osídlili Thajsko, Malajský poloostrov a část Malajského souoostroví. K životu dávají přednost deštným pralesům, dovedou však žít i v bažinách nebo na polích.
Makak vepří dosahuje hmotnosti 5−15 kg, přičemž jsou samci větší než samice. Ocas je krátký, připomíná prasečí, což vyneslo tomuto primátovi jeho jméno. Srst má obyčejně hnědé až šedé zbarvení, na břiše je bělavá, na tvářích růžová. Makakové vepří se živí především ovocem (až 74 % potravy) a jinou rostlinnou potravou, jako jsou listy, nepohrdnou však ani hmyzem nebo drobnými obratlovci. Často také vnikají do polí a plantáží, kde kradou zemědělské plodiny. Tlupa se skládá z 9−81 opic, z nichž je v ní jeden nebo několik samců, samice a mláďata, která, v případě že jde o samce, po dosažení puberty opouštějí skupinu. Samice je březí zhruba 6 měsíců, po dokončení gravidity se jí narodí obvykle jedno mládě, jež je asi 1 rok závislé na mateřském mléce.
Makak vepří je dle Mezinárodního svazu ochrany přírody zranitelným druhem a jeho populace klesá. Nebezpečí představuje především ztráta přirozeného prostředí, které je způsobeno rozšiřováním palmových plantáží a klučením deštného lesa. Projekty na záchranu se teprve rozvíjejí.
Mezi přirozené nepřátele patří levhart obláčkový (Neofelis nebulosa).
V rámci celé Evropy je tento druh chován v necelých čtyřech desítkách evropských zoo (stav podzim 2018).[2] Nejvíce je přitom zastoupen v Německu (v šesti zoo).[2] V rámci Česka jsou k vidění jen v Zoo Praha.[2][3]
V roce 2004 došlo k ukončení provozu Safari parku Gänsendorf v Dolním Rakousku, nedaleko Vídně. Právě proto se řešilo, kam s umístěním zvířat z tohoto zařízení. Jelikož se ve stejné době stavěl v Zoo Praha nový pavilon Indonéská džungle, kde se počítalo v jedné expozici s chovem makaků, bylo rozhodnuto o převzetí celé skupiny makaků vepřích právě z Gänsendorfu. Skupina o počtu dvanácti jedinců se tak stala jedním z nejpozoruhodnějších obyvatel nového pavilonu, jelikož tento druh nebyl nikdy v pražské zoo, a snad ani v žádné jiné v Čechách chován.[2] Na první úspěšný odchov se muselo čekat dlouhých sedm let, až do roku 2011. Tehdy se narodila samička Rousie.[4] Další úspěšné odchovy následovaly i v dalších letech.[2] V roce 2012 se narodil samec Luis a v dubnu 2016 přišlo na svět další mládě (rodiče: samice Hope a otec Yogi).[5] Na konci října 2018 se narodilo čtvrté mládě od samice jménem Hope.[6] Další mládě přišlo na svět v únoru 2019.[7]
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Südlicher Schweinsaffe na německé Wikipedii.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu makak vepří ve Wikimedia Commons
Makak vepří (Macaca nemestrina), jinak též kudan svinský, opice vepří, lapunder je primát z čeledi kočkodanovití (Cercopithecidae) a rodu makak (Macaca). Druh popsal Carl Linné v roce 1766.
Der Südliche Schweinsaffe (Macaca nemestrina) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Makaken innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae). Früher wurde er mit dem Nördlichen Schweinsaffen zu einer Art zusammengefasst.
Südliche Schweinsaffen verdanken ihren Namen dem schweineartigen Schwanz. Ihr Fell ist kurz und an der Oberseite olivbraun oder gräulich gefärbt, die Unterseite ist weißlich. Am Kopf haben sie an der Oberseite eine dunkle Kappe, die Backen- und Barthaare können weiß gefärbt sein. Ihr haarloses Gesicht ist dunkelrosa. Sie erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 43 bis 77 Zentimetern und ein Gewicht von 5 bis 14 Kilogramm und zählen somit zu den größeren Makakenarten. Wie bei den meisten Tieren ihrer Gattung werden die Männchen rund ein Drittel größer als die Weibchen. Den kurzen, rund 15 bis 25 Zentimeter langen Schwanz tragen sie nach vorne geringelt.
Südliche Schweinsaffen leben in Südostasien, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst die Malaiischen Halbinsel, Sumatra und Borneo. Sie sind tagaktive Waldbewohner, die sowohl im tropischen Regenwald als auch in anderen tiefgelegenen Wäldern vorkommen. Sie suchen in erster Linie am Boden nach Nahrung, ziehen sich jedoch bei Gefahr und zur Nachtruhe in die Bäume zurück. Sie sind leiser als andere Affen, möglicherweise um am Waldboden Aufmerksamkeit zu vermeiden. Wie alle Makaken leben sie in Gruppen zusammen, die aus wesentlich mehr Weibchen als Männchen bestehen. Männliche Tiere müssen beim Erreichen der Geschlechtsreife ihre Gruppe verlassen und bilden manchmal kurzlebige reine Männchengruppen. Innerhalb der Gruppen herrscht eine ausgeprägte Hierarchie, höhergestellte Tiere genießen generell Vorzüge bei der Nahrungsaufnahme und bei der gegenseitigen Fellpflege. Ein dominantes Alpha-Männchen führt die Gruppe an.
Südliche Schweinsaffen ernähren sich in erster Linie von Früchten. Zusätzlich nehmen sie anderes Pflanzenmaterial wie Blätter, Nüsse, Pilze, aber auch Insekten und kleine Wirbeltiere zu sich. In Malaysia stellte man fest, dass die Affen gezielt Palmölplantagen aufsuchten, um Ratten zu fangen. Jede große Horde der Südlichen Schweinsaffen fängt und verzehrt über 3000 Ratten pro Jahr.[1]
Die Männchen paaren sich mit so vielen Weibchen aus der Gruppe wie möglich, die Empfängnisbereitschaft des Weibchens wird durch eine starke Regelschwellung angezeigt. Nach einer rund sechsmonatigen Tragzeit kommt meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Jungtiere klammern sich nach der Geburt an den Bauch der Mutter und sind mit rund einem Jahr entwöhnt. Die Geschlechtsreife erreichen sie mit drei bis vier Jahren. Die Lebenserwartung der Schweinsaffen beträgt über 20 Jahre, in Menschenobhut bis zu 30 Jahre.
Schweinsaffen werden zum Teil als Labor- und Forschungstiere verwendet, allerdings im geringeren Ausmaß als die verwandten Rhesus- und Javaneraffen. Im Zuge der Raumfahrt wurden in den 1960ern mehrere dieser Tiere in den Weltraum geschossen. Im südlichen Thailand werden (angeblich zugelaufene) Jungtiere zu sogenannten Pflückaffen ausgebildet und bei der Kokosnuss-Ernte als Arbeitskräfte eingesetzt. Die Bejagung und die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraumes stellen heute die Hauptbedrohung der Südlichen Schweinsaffen dar, sodass sie von der IUCN als gefährdet (vulnerable) gelistet werden.
Der Südliche Schweinsaffe (Macaca nemestrina) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Makaken innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae). Früher wurde er mit dem Nördlichen Schweinsaffen zu einer Art zusammengefasst.
Јужно свињоопашесто макаки (науч. Macaca nemestrina) — вид примати од од семејството на старосветските мајмуни (Cercopithecidae). Во Македонија, примероци од ова животно можат да се видат во Зоолошката градина во Скопје.[2]
Овој мајмун достигнува тежина од 5 до 15 кг. По боја се светлокафеави; грбот е потемен, а долните делови од телото се посветли. Имаат кратки опашки, кои ги држат полудигнати слично како свињите, што е причината за нивното именување.
Иако се претежно наземни, овие мајмуни се вешти и по дрвата. За разлика од највеќето примати, обожаваат вода. Живеат во големи групи, денски поделени на помали состави кога трагаат по храна. Во исхраната се сештојади, хранејќи се претежно со овошје, семки, бобинки, житарки, габи и без’рбетници.
Меѓу мажјаците владее хиерархија заснована на сила, а меѓу женките — според наследноста. Така, ќерката на доминантната женка веднаш станува поважна од сите други женки во групата. Доминантната женка ја предводи групата, додека мажјаците имаат задача да се справуваат со судири во групата и да ја бранат од надворешни опасности.
Пловата зрелост ја достигнуваат на возраст од 3 до 5 години. Бременоста трае околу 6 месеци. Женката раѓа по едно младенче на секои две години. Доењето престанува на возраст од 4 до 5 месеци.
Ова макаки живее претежно во дождовни шуми на надморска височина до 2.000 метри, но знае да шета и по плантажи и градини.[3]
Се среќава на јужната половина на Малајскиот Полуостров (и преминува во најјужниот дел на Тајланд), како и на островите Борнео, Суматра и Банка.[4]
|accessdate= (помош) Јужно свињоопашесто макаки (науч. Macaca nemestrina) — вид примати од од семејството на старосветските мајмуни (Cercopithecidae). Во Македонија, примероци од ова животно можат да се видат во Зоолошката градина во Скопје.
La porkovosta makako (Macaca nemestrina[1][2] ) el la ordo de primatoj kaj familio de cerkopitekedoj dislokiĝas en la provinco Junnan de Ĉinio kaj ankaŭ en Hindio, Tajlando, Birmo, Malajzio, Sumatro kaj Kalimantan de Indonezio.
Ĝi estas kovrita de olivbruna hararo, escepte de la grizblanka hararo ĉe la abdomeno. Ĝia verto estas plata, tial ĝi ankaŭ nomiĝas platverta makako. Ĝia longa kaj dika muzelo similas al tiu de la paviano, kaj ĝia dudek centimetrojn longa kaj maldika vosto similas al tiu de la porko. La vosto fariĝas hokforma sur la postaĵo dum agado. Tiu orientalisa specio apartenas al plej grandaj makakoj, la virmakako estas multe pli granda ol la makakino, kaj la plenaĝa virmakako preskaŭ longas sepdep centimetrojn.
La porkovostaj makakoj ĝenerale loĝas en arbaroj. Ili aktivadas en aroj. Tage ili ofte agas surtere kaj nokete dormas sur arboj. Ili iras kaj kuras kvarpiede kaj manĝas fruktojn, semojn kaj burĝonojn de diversaj vegetaloj, kaj ankaŭ insektojn kaj birdovojn. La porkovosta makako havas sian apartan salutmanieron. Levinte sian kapon, ĝi duonfermas la okulojn por rigardi la renkontiton kaj samtempe antaŭenigas la lipojn. Se iu ĝin salutas per la sama gesto, ĝi tuj komprenas kaj ofte faras la samon por reciproki saluton. En iuj lokoj oni dresas porkovostajn makakojn por rikoltado. Ili ellerenas kolekti kokosojn sur arboj. Tamen tiujn laborojn povas plenumi nur femalaj kaj junaj makakoj. Oni ne uzas maljunajn virmakakojn, ĉar ili estas furiozaj kaj povas vundi homojn.
La menstrua ciklo de la makakino estas tridek-taga. Post kiam ĝi gravedas cent sesdek du ĝis cent okdek ses tagojn, ĝi naskas unu idon ĉiufoje, kiun ĝi mamnutras ĉirkaŭ ok kaj duonan monatojn. Iu bredita porkovosta makako eĉ vivis dudek ses jarojn kaj kvar monatojn.
La porkovosta makako (Macaca nemestrina ) el la ordo de primatoj kaj familio de cerkopitekedoj dislokiĝas en la provinco Junnan de Ĉinio kaj ankaŭ en Hindio, Tajlando, Birmo, Malajzio, Sumatro kaj Kalimantan de Indonezio.
El macaco cola de cerdo sureño (Macaca nemestrina) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae. Habita en la península Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra e isla Bangka.[2] Es un macaco de mediano tamaño omnívoro que habita principalmente en los bosques, pero que con el avance de los humanos también se le encuentra en plantaciones y jardines.[3] Anteriormente se consideran subespecies de este taxón a las ahora especies macaco cola de cerdo norteño (Macaca leonina), el macaco de Pagai (Macaca pagensis) y el macaco de Siberut (Macaca siberu).[2]
El macaco cola de cerdo sureño (Macaca nemestrina) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae. Habita en la península Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra e isla Bangka. Es un macaco de mediano tamaño omnívoro que habita principalmente en los bosques, pero que con el avance de los humanos también se le encuentra en plantaciones y jardines. Anteriormente se consideran subespecies de este taxón a las ahora especies macaco cola de cerdo norteño (Macaca leonina), el macaco de Pagai (Macaca pagensis) y el macaco de Siberut (Macaca siberu).
Macaca nemestrina Macaca generoko primate Cercopithecidae espezie bat da.
Macaque à queue de cochon des îles de la Sonde
Le macaque à queue de cochon des îles de la Sonde (Macaca nemestrina) est une espèce de macaque vivant dans les forêts tropicales humides de l'Asie du Sud-Est.
Ce primate est également simplement appelé macaque à queue de cochon. Buffon le désigne sous le nom de Maimon.
Les macaques à queue de cochon sont brun-chamois avec le dos plus foncé et les parties inférieures du corps plus claires. Ils doivent leur nom commun à leur queue courte et maintenue en semi-érection qui rappelle celle du cochon. Ils ont l'avant-bras aussi long que la jambe arrière[1].
Surtout terrestres, ces singes sont tout de même d’habiles grimpeurs. Comme tous les macaques, ils aiment l’eau (contrairement à la quasi-totalité des primates).
Il existe une hiérarchie chez les mâles, basée sur la force, et chez les femelles, basée sur l’hérédité. Ainsi, la fille de la femelle dominante sera immédiatement placée au-dessus de toutes les autres femelles du groupe. C’est d’ailleurs la femelle dominante qui mène le groupe, le rôle du mâle étant plus de gérer les conflits dans le groupe et de le défendre.
La gestation des femelles dure environ 6 mois. Elle donnera naissance à un petit tous les deux ans. La maturité sexuelle est atteinte à 3-5 ans et le sevrage à 4-5 mois.
Ils vivent en grands groupes (jusqu'à plus de 100 individus) qui se séparent en groupes plus petits durant la journée pour chercher à manger.
Taille : corps et tête : 47-58,5 cm ; queue : 14-23 cm.
Poids : 3,5-9 kg[2]
Les macaques à queue de cochon sont omnivores et se nourrissent essentiellement de végétaux (fruits, graines, baies, céréales), de champignons et d’invertébrés.
Asie du Sud-Est. Forêt tropicale humide, jusqu’à 2 000 mètres d’altitude.
Annexe II de la convention de Washington (CITES). Classé vulnérable par l’UICN.
Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1766 par Carl von Linné sous le nom Simia nemestrina.
Macaque à queue de cochon des îles de la Sonde
Le macaque à queue de cochon des îles de la Sonde (Macaca nemestrina) est une espèce de macaque vivant dans les forêts tropicales humides de l'Asie du Sud-Est.
Il macaco nemestrino (Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)) è un mammifero primate appartenente alla famiglia dei Cercopithecidae.
La lunghezza di questo macaco è di circa 60 cm, esclusa la coda lunga dai 15 ai 20 cm, mentre l'altezza media è di 50 cm.
Il pelo si presenta di colore bruno-olivastro sul dorso, mentre sul ventre è tendente al giallo-marrone.
Vive nelle giungle della penisola malese, del Borneo, di Sumatra e di Bangka.
Il macaco è attivo di giorno prevalentemente al suolo, mentre di notte riposa sugli alberi.
Si ciba soprattutto di frutta, ma la dieta può includere vegetali e animali di piccola taglia.
Il macaco nemestrino (Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)) è un mammifero primate appartenente alla famiglia dei Cercopithecidae.
Beruk (bahasa Inggeris: Pig-tailed Macaque) merupakan salah satu daripada haiwan terlindung yang terdapat di banyak negara di Asia, termasuknya Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, China, Burma, Laos, Kambodia. Nama saintifiknya Macaca nemestrina. [2]
Malaysia merupakan salah satu daripada 12 negara yang telah diiktiraf sebagai kepelbagaian raya ("mega diversity") dari segi bilangan dan kepelbagaian flora dan fauna dengan 15,000 spesies pokok berbunga yang diketahui, 286 spesies mamalia, lebih daripada 1,500 vertebrat darat, lebih daripada 150,000 spesies invertebrat, lebih daripada 1,000 spesies rama-rama dan 12,000 spesies kupu-kupu, dan lebih daripada 4,000 spesies ikan laut.
Beruk adalah haiwan berdarah panas, melahirkan anak, menjaga anak sehingga mampu berdikari, dan mempunyai bulu di badan. Jantungnya terdiri daripada empat kamar yang serupa dengan manusia. Kamar atas dikenali sebagai atrium, manakala kamar bawah dikenali sebagai ventrikel.
Beruk mempunyai tempoh bunting selama 5.7 bulan (170 hari). Ia mampu hidup selama 26 tahun. Beruk jantan biasanya mempunyai ketinggian 495 - 564 mm, sementara beruk betina pula mempunyai ketinggian antara 467 hingga 564 mm.
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah ia dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.
Beruk (bahasa Inggeris: Pig-tailed Macaque) merupakan salah satu daripada haiwan terlindung yang terdapat di banyak negara di Asia, termasuknya Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, China, Burma, Laos, Kambodia. Nama saintifiknya Macaca nemestrina.
Malaysia merupakan salah satu daripada 12 negara yang telah diiktiraf sebagai kepelbagaian raya ("mega diversity") dari segi bilangan dan kepelbagaian flora dan fauna dengan 15,000 spesies pokok berbunga yang diketahui, 286 spesies mamalia, lebih daripada 1,500 vertebrat darat, lebih daripada 150,000 spesies invertebrat, lebih daripada 1,000 spesies rama-rama dan 12,000 spesies kupu-kupu, dan lebih daripada 4,000 spesies ikan laut.
De lampongaap of laponderaap (Macaca nemestrina) is een soort van het geslacht makaken (Macaca). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Linnaeus in 1766.
De soort komt voor in Brunei, Maleisië, Indonesië en Thailand.(Zuidoost-Azië)
Kenmerkend is het korte 'varkensstaartje'. De mannen worden veel groter en zwaarder dan de vrouwtjes. De soort heeft net als andere makaken grote hoektanden.
Deze apensoort zoekt een groot deel van de tijd op de bosbodem naar voedsel, maar klimt de bomen in om vruchten te plukken. Net als andere soorten makaken is de laponder een alleseter. Ze wonen voornamelijk in harems die de mannetjes leiden. Bij gevechten tussen groepen gebruiken ze hun hoektanden.
De mens gebruikt tamme laponders wel om kokosnoten te laten plukken. De makaken passen zich deels aan door regelmatig voedsel van de mens te verorberen.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe lampongaap of laponderaap (Macaca nemestrina) is een soort van het geslacht makaken (Macaca). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Linnaeus in 1766.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Makak orientalny[2], lapunder[3], makak lapunder[4] (Macaca nemestrina) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae).
Opis: Duża, krępa małpa:
Ogon cienki i zawsze zakręcony; krótkie bokobrody i mała bródka.
Lasy i obszary uprawne w Asam, Mjanmie, Tajlandii, Indochinach, Malezji jak również na Sumatrze i na Borneo.
Tworzą grupy od 15 do 40 osobników. Prowadzą nadrzewny tryb życia, na ziemie schodzą w przypadku niebezpieczeństwa. Wykonują charakterystyczny powitalny grymas twarzy.
Populacja w 1975 roku liczyła 45 000 osobników; na Borneo gatunek prawie zaniknął. Udomowiany i używany do zrywania orzechów kokosowych w niektórych okolicach. Podgatunek z wyspy Mentawai (Indochiny) chroniony w rezerwacie.
Makak orientalny, lapunder, makak lapunder (Macaca nemestrina) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae).
Macaco-de-cauda-de-porco-do-sul (Macaca nemestrina) é um Macaco do Velho Mundo da subfamília Cercopithecidae.
O epíteto específico, nemestrina, é um adjetivo, derivado do latim Nemestrinus, que significa "deus das ruínas".
Originalmente Macaca leonina, Macaca pagensis e Macaca siberu eram subespécies.[1]
Macaca nemestrina pode pesar entre 5 e 15 kg, em grandes machos. Possuem uma cor bege-amarronzada com as costas de cor mais escura e partes inferiores de cor mais clara.A cauda é curta e semi-ereta.
eles são principalmente terrestres, mas possuem habilidade para escalar. Ao contrário de quase todos os primatas, eles gostam de água. Vivem em grandes grupos, numa dinâmica de fissão-fusão. São onívoros,se alimentando principalmente de frutos, sementes, cereais, fungos e invertebrados.
Há hierarquia entre os machos, baseado em lutas, e entre as fêmeas, na hereditariedade. Portanto, a filha da fêmea dominante será dominante sobre as outras fêmeas do bando. A fêmea dominante lidera o grupo, enquanto o macho dominante gerencia conflitos e defesa de território.
A maturidade sexual é alcançada entre 3 e 5 anos de idade. A gestação dura cerca de 6 meses. Ela dá à luz um de cada vez a cada dois anos. Desmamam após 5 meses.
Este macaco é encontrado principalmente em floresta chuvosas acima de 2000 metros de altitude, mas pode invadir plantações e jardins.[3]
Ocorre na parte sul da Península da Malásia (se estendendo até o extremo sul da Tailândia), Bornéu, Sumatra, na ilha Bangka.[1]
Macaco-de-cauda-de-porco-do-sul (Macaca nemestrina) é um Macaco do Velho Mundo da subfamília Cercopithecidae.
Svinmakak (Macaca nemestrina) är en sydostasiatisk art i familjen markattartade apor som tillhör släktet makaker.
Längden (huvud och bål) varierar mellan 45 och 78 centimeter. Vikten hos hanarna är mellan 10,7 och 14,5 kilogram och hos honorna mellan 6 och 8 kilogram.[2] Djurets svenska trivialnamn syftar på svansen som påminner om grisens svans. Den är 13 till 25 centimeter lång och naken eller bara glest täckt med hår. På ryggen, sidorna och extremiteternas utsida är pälsen ljusbrun och på buken är den vitaktig. På huvudets topp har pälsen däremot en mörkbrun färg vad som påminner om en mössa. Svinmakak saknar hår i det köttfärgade ansiktet.[3]
Förutom storleken skiljer sig hanar och honor även i hörntändernas längd. Hos vissa hanar kan de vara 12 mm långa medan honans hörntänder är cirka 7 mm långa.[3]
Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig över södra Malackahalvön, Borneo och Sumatra samt över några mindre öar i regionen. Arten vistas främst i regnskogar men hittas även i bergsskogar, träskmarker och urbaniserade områden med träd.[1]
Svinmakaken äter frukt, insekter, andra smådjur, späda blad, rötter och grödor.[2] Dess läte är olika grymtningar och gnäll men allmänt är arten rätt tyst.[3] Arten kommunicerar även med hjälp av olika ansiktsuttryck och kroppsspråk.[3]
Flera vuxna hanar och honor samt deras ungar bildar en flock som vanligen har 15 till 40 medlemmar. Ibland bildas stora grupper med 80 individer. Inom varje kön finns en hierarki och dominanta hanar har allmänt en högre ställning än alla honor. Ibland går flera honor ihop under strider med enskilda hanar. Sociala band stärks genom ömsesidig pälsvärd, pussar och gemensam ätande.[3]
Svinmakak är vanligen aktiv på dagen. Den klättrar i växtligheten och kommer ibland ner till marken.[3]
Könsmognaden kommer vid cirka 3 års ålder för honor och efter cirka 4 år för hanar. Parningstiden är huvudsakligen i november, december och januari men kan även inträffa under andra årstider. Dräktighetstiden är 162 till 186 dagar och honan får vanligen en unge per dräktighet.[3] I naturen får honan vanligen en unge vart annat år, men i fångenskap kan honan få en unge om året.
Ungar föds med svart päls och pälsbytet sker ungefär efter tre månader. Cirka ett år efter födelsen slutar honan med digivning. Hanar lämnar sin ursprungliga flock vid fem tills sex års ålder. Livslängden i naturen går upp till 26 år och med människans vård kan svinmakak leva 35 år.[3]
Det största hotet utgörs av skogsavverkningar i låglandet när ett område omvandlas till oljepalmodlingar eller jordbruksmark. Arten jagas även för köttets skull eller av bönder som betraktar den som skadedjur på odlade växter. IUCN uppskattar att beståndet minskade med 30 procent under de senaste 30 till 36 åren (tre generationer) och listar svinmakak som sårbar (VU).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Svinmakak.
Svinmakak (Macaca nemestrina) är en sydostasiatisk art i familjen markattartade apor som tillhör släktet makaker.
Güney domuz kuyruklu şebeği (Macaca nemestrina), Malay Yarımadasının güney yarısı, Sumatra, Borneo ve Bangka adalarında bulunan, orta boy Eski Dünya primat türüdür. Bu Hepçil şebek türü, çoğunlukla ormanlarda yaşar, fakat tarla ve bahçelere de girdiği görülür. Önceleri Kuzey domuz kuyruklu şebeği, Siberut Adası şebeği ve Pagui Adası şebeği bu türün alt türü olarak kabul ediliyordu.
Türe adını veren domuz kuyruğunu andıran kuyrukları vardır. Kürklerinin üst tarafı kahverengi ya da griye benzer tonlarda, alt tarafı ise daha açık renklidir. Kafalarının üst kısmında koyu renkli, başlığı andıran tüyleri vardır. Çene ve sakal kısımları beyaz renklidir. Tüysüz yüzü, koyu pembe renktedir. 43–77 cm boyu ve 5–14 kg ağırlığı ile büyük şebeklerdendir. Erkek bireyler dişilerden üçte bir oranında daha iridir. Domuz kuyruğunu andıran 15–25 cm uzunluğunda kıvrık şekilli kuyrukları vardır.
Malay Yarımadasının güney yarısı, Sumatra, Borneo ve Bangka adalarındaki yağmur ormanlarında yaşarlar. Gündüzleri aktiftirler, yer yüzeyinde beslenmelerine rağmen geceleri uyumak için ağaç dallarını tercih ederler. Tüm şebek türleri gibi dişilerin çoğunlukta olduğu gruplar halinde yaşarlar. Erkekler cinsel olgunluğa ulaştıklarında gruptan ayrılır. Grupta hiyerarşik bir yaşam vardır, bir alfa erkek gruba liderlik yapar. Beslenme ve parazit ayıklama işlemleri sosyalleşmelerini sağlar.
İlk tercihleri meyvedir. Yaprak, mantar, fındık gibi bitkisel besinlerin yanında böcek ve küçük omurgalılarla da beslenirler.
Güney domuz kuyruklu şebeği (Macaca nemestrina), Malay Yarımadasının güney yarısı, Sumatra, Borneo ve Bangka adalarında bulunan, orta boy Eski Dünya primat türüdür. Bu Hepçil şebek türü, çoğunlukla ormanlarda yaşar, fakat tarla ve bahçelere de girdiği görülür. Önceleri Kuzey domuz kuyruklu şebeği, Siberut Adası şebeği ve Pagui Adası şebeği bu türün alt türü olarak kabul ediliyordu.
Має відносно короткий хвіст, який дещо нагадує хвіст свині. Має коротке коричневе хутро зверху, низ білуватий. Ноги довгі і сильні. Морда довга і безволоса. У верхній частині голови є темний клапоть волосся, щоки і борода можуть бути білими. Лице темно-рожеве. Довжина голови й тіла самців: 50-78 см, самиць: 45-55 см, довжина хвоста самців: 16-24 см, самиць: 13-25 см, вага самців: 10.7-14.5 кг, самиць: 6-8 кг.
Країни поширення: Бруней-Даруссалам; Індонезія (Калімантан); Малайзія (півострів Малайзія, Сабах); Таїланд. Введено: Сингапур. Вид займає низовинний первинний і вторинний ліс, а також прибережні райони, болота і гірські ліси. Віддає перевагу щільним тропічним лісам на всіх висотах, але в рівній мірі й землі сільськогосподарського призначення.
Це переважно наземна тварина, денна і плодоїдна. Також споживає листя, бутони, пагони, комах і дрібних тварин. Має защічні мішки, в яких носить їжу поки її добуває і часто повертається до безпечного дерева, щоб поїсти. M. nemestrina живуть групами розміром 5-40 (в середньому 15—22) особин. Самці й самиці живуть разом. Усередині груп існує чітка ієрархія. Самиці залишаються в групі де вони народились, самці ж розходяться незадовго до того, як вони досягають статевої зрілості.
Після приблизно шести місяців вагітності, як правило, народжується один малюк. Дитинчата чіпляються після народження за живіт матері. Дитинчата годуються молоком близько одного року. Статева зрілість досягається за три-чотири роки. Середня тривалість життя понад 20 років, у неволі до 30 років.
Ці тварини перебувають під загрозою втрати середовища проживання, що є дуже серйозною проблемою багатьох частинах ареалу. Цей вид також часто розстрілюють як сільськогосподарського шкідника і полюють на продовольство.
Цей вид знаходиться в списку Додатку II СІТЕС.
Khỉ đuôi lợn phương nam (danh pháp khoa học: Macaca nemestrina) là loài khỉ cựu thế giới có kích thước trung bình, phân bố ở nửa phía nam của bán đảo Mã Lai (chỉ mở rộng đến cực nam Thái Lan), Borneo, Sumatra và đảo Bangka[2]. Trước năm 2001, người ta còn gộp cả khỉ đuôi lợn phương bắc (Macaca leonina) như là một phân loài của loài này.
Loài khỉ này chủ yếu sống trong môi trường tự nhiên, tuy nhiên hiện nay đã xuất hiện tại một số vườn thú[3].
Khỉ đuôi lợn có chiều dài thân là 430-695mm, dài đuôi là 150-320mm, khối lượng khoảng 14 kg. Bộ lông màu vàng nhạt, đỉnh đầu có đám lông đen, đuôi giống đuôi lợn[4].
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Khỉ đuôi lợn phương nam (danh pháp khoa học: Macaca nemestrina) là loài khỉ cựu thế giới có kích thước trung bình, phân bố ở nửa phía nam của bán đảo Mã Lai (chỉ mở rộng đến cực nam Thái Lan), Borneo, Sumatra và đảo Bangka. Trước năm 2001, người ta còn gộp cả khỉ đuôi lợn phương bắc (Macaca leonina) như là một phân loài của loài này.
Loài khỉ này chủ yếu sống trong môi trường tự nhiên, tuy nhiên hiện nay đã xuất hiện tại một số vườn thú.
Khỉ đuôi lợn có chiều dài thân là 430-695mm, dài đuôi là 150-320mm, khối lượng khoảng 14 kg. Bộ lông màu vàng nhạt, đỉnh đầu có đám lông đen, đuôi giống đuôi lợn.
Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)
Синонимы
Свинохвостый макак[2][3], или свинообразный макак[2], или лапундер[2] (лат. Macaca nemestrina) — вид приматов семейства мартышковых. Он находится в близком родстве с Macaca leonina.
Свинохвостый макак относится к крупным представителям этого рода. Встречается в природе Южной Бирмы, полуострова Малакка, островов Суматра и Калимантан. Его масса тела достигает 14,5 кг. Своё название макак получил за короткий, загнутый кверху хвостик (16—25 см). Лапундеры очень смышленые животные. Они легко приручаются, и местное население нередко использует их для собирания кокосовых орехов с труднодоступных вершин кокосовых пальм. Чтобы животное не убежало, хозяин привязывает его за длинную веревку. Лапундеры прекрасно выполняют свою задачу — они сбрасывают на землю только спелые орехи.
В 1967 году Франция запустила в космос свинохвостого макака по имени Мартин (фр. Martine) на ракете «Vesta» 7 марта и другого по имени Пьерет (фр. Pierette) 13 марта. Эти суборбитальные полёты достигли высот 243 км (150 миль) и 234 км (145 миль) соответственно. Мартин стал первой обезьяной, прожившей больше, чем пару дней после полёта, который, по международному определению, считается выходящим за границу атмосферы (в ближний космос).
Свинохвостый макак, или свинообразный макак, или лапундер (лат. Macaca nemestrina) — вид приматов семейства мартышковых. Он находится в близком родстве с Macaca leonina.
豚尾獼猴（學名：Macaca nemestrina）又稱豬尾獼猴、豬尾猴或椰子猴，屬於中等體型的舊世界猴。
印度東部、孟加拉、緬甸、泰國、蘇門達臘、馬來半島、婆羅洲一帶的熱帶雨林區。
內地密林，海拔2400公尺以下的地面或樹枝上，均可見其蹤跡。
頭臀長：雄性為49.5~56.4公分，雌性為47~58.4公分；
尾長：8~23公分
3.5~14公斤(雄性約8.3公斤，雌性約4.8公斤)，一般而言，雌性體重較雄性少了65％。
體型矮胖，毛色雖多樣化，仍有兩種主要色系：灰褐色(較普遍)及紅褐色。頭、背部與尾巴背側顏色較其他部位深。尾長為頭身長的35~40％，尾端較細，在背上做弓形彎曲。頭頂上黑色或深褐色的毛像一頂帽子，臉頰兩側淺褐色的毛形成一圈繞著頭，此即為美麗醒目的遂毛，大致而言，雌性的遂毛較不顯著。
日行動物，嗅覺味覺都很靈敏，尤以嗅覺為佳。但主要是用視覺互相溝通，觸覺其次而聽覺輔助。
因為牠們的動作較細心也較有耐心，比較不匆匆忙忙，常被用來訓練摘椰子，也有植物學家用牠們蒐集樹上的植物樣本。人們通常都只訓練雌性及幼年獼猴，因為成年雄性獼猴具攻擊性且難駕馭。
發情期：21~42天
孕期：162~186天；每胎相隔兩年。
性成熟：雄性48~96個月，雌性36~60個月。
斷奶期：365天
壽命：25年
窩仔數約1~2仔（通常為一仔），380~560公克（雄性490公克，雌性450公克），有稀疏的毛。一出生眼睛即能睜開並抓住母親的腹部，通常此時就能支撐自己的重量，但剛開始的幾個小時母猴活動時，常會用手拖著寶寶。
附註：於入口網站輸入pig-tailed macaque即可有許多相關資訊！
남부돼지꼬리마카크(Macaca nemestrina) 또는 남부돼지꼬리원숭이는 구세계원숭이의 일종으로, 크기가 작고 말레이 반도 남부와 보르네오, 수마트라 그리고 방카섬에서 발견된다.[1] 잡식성의 마카크원숭이로, 대부분 숲에서 발견되지만, 농장이나 유원지 등에 들어가기도 한다.[3] 이전에는 북부돼지꼬리마카크, 파가이섬원숭이, 시베루트원숭이를 남부돼지꼬리원숭이의 아종으로 분류하고, 돼지꼬리원숭이 또는 돼지꼬리마카크로 총칭했다.[1] 천적은 호랑이, 표범, 구름표범, 비단구렁이 다.
