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Habitat ( englanti )

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S. rufoniger inhabits tropical forests and thick scrub areas in northern New Guinea. It inhabits undisturbed forests below 1200 meters in elevation (Flannery, 1995; Nowak, 1999).

Range elevation: 1200 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: tropical

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; scrub forest

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Bey, L. 2003. "Spilocuscus rufoniger" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Spilocuscus_rufoniger.html
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Benefits ( englanti )

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Because of its large size, S. rufoniger has long been valued by hunters for its coat and its meat. The native Papuans value the meat and use the beautiful dense fur for caps and capes (Nowak, 1999).

Positive Impacts: food

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Bey, L. 2003. "Spilocuscus rufoniger" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Spilocuscus_rufoniger.html
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Benefits ( englanti )

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There are no reports of negative effects on humans produced by these animals.

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Life Cycle ( englanti )

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See reproduction.

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Conservation Status ( englanti )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger is listed as endangered. Its limited range and colorful pelt have made it susceptible to overhunting. Habitat loss due to an expanding human population has caused the numbers of S. rufoniger to decline. Currently there are no national parks in New Guinea to help protect this species (Flannery, 1995; Nowak, 1999).

US Federal List: endangered

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: critically endangered

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Behavior ( englanti )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Nimetön ( englanti )

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Historically, S. rufoniger was considered a subspecies of Spilocuscus maculates (common spotted cuscus). It has recently been reclassified as a unique species (Flannery, 1987).

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Associations ( englanti )

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Because the diet of these animals is largely unknown, it is difficult to speculate on the role they play within their ecosystem.

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Trophic Strategy ( englanti )

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There is little information about the diet of S. rufoniger. Large acorns of Lithocarpus spp. have been found with chew marks on them that are thought to be from this cuscus. Black-spotted cuscus are thought to be omnivorous, possibly feeding occasionally on small animals (Flannery, 1995).

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Distribution ( englanti )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger, the black-spotted cuscus, is restricted to northern New Guinea. It is found in the provinces of Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province, Sattelberg (Smithsonian Institution, 1993).

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

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Life Expectancy ( englanti )

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Nothing is known about the lifespan of these animals.

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Morphology ( englanti )

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S. rufoniger is the largest species of phalangerid, with females weighing between 6 and 7 kg on average (Nowak, 1999). The head and body average 70 cm in length, with the tail adding an additional 50 cm on average. Female black-spotted cuscus are larger than males of the species. Although both male and female have striking black and red coloration, their pelage is sexually dimorphic. Females have a dark saddle on their backs, whereas males have only an area of mottling or spots. Young go through a sequence of color changes as they mature. The fur of black-spotted cuscus is dense and wooly.

S. rufoniger has short snouts, and their ears are almost invisible. The head is round with a pointed snout and large eyes that are adapted for a nocturnal lifestyle. The first and second fingers are opposable to the other fingers. Their foreclaws are curved and sharply pointed for climbing. The foot is modified for grasping in that the big toe is opposed to the others. This toe is also clawless. The second and third toes are small and fused. Black-spotted cuscus have highly prehensile tails that are naked at the terminal end. The underside of the tail is striated with calluses for grasping.

Female black-spotted cuscus have four mammae. Their pouches are forward opening and well developed.

In both sexes, the frontal bones of the skull are distinctly convex and have a large sinus that does not open into the nasal cavity. The teeth of cuscus have low crowns. S. rufoniger can be distinguished from other spotted cuscus by the presence of small, peg-like premolars in front of the main premolar of their upper jaws. Cuscus have a well-developed protocone on the first upper molar. The alisphenoid and basoccipital consistently form a more extensive structure that is developed earlier in life than it is in other phalangerids (Flannery, 1995; Grzimek, 1990; Nowak, 1999).

Average mass: 6-7 kg.

Average length: 70 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes colored or patterned differently

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Associations ( englanti )

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The island habitat of S. rufoniger is free of tree-climbing predators (Nowak, 1999).

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Reproduction ( englanti )

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The mating system and behavior of this species are unknown.

Mating in S. rufoniger is not well documented or observed. Courtship is usually conducted on the limbs of trees. There is very little known about reproduction of this species (Flannery, 1995).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); viviparous

The female provides protection for her altricial neonates in her pouch, and nurses them. Little else is known about parental care in this species.

Parental Investment: altricial

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Bey, L. 2003. "Spilocuscus rufoniger" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Spilocuscus_rufoniger.html
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Cuscús roig-i-negre ( valencia )

tarjonnut wikipedia CA

El cuscús roig-i-negre (Spilocuscus rufoniger) és una espècie de marsupial de la família dels falangèrids.[1] Viu a Sulawesi i illes properes d'Indonèsia. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos secs subtropicals o tropicals. Està amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Cuscús roig-i-negre Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 48-49. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)
  2. Leary, T.; Singadan, R.; Menzies, J.; Helgen, K.; Allison, A.; James, R.; Flannery, T.; Aplin, K.; Dickman, C.; Salas, L.. Spilocuscus rufoniger. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 28 desembre 2008.


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Cuscús roig-i-negre: Brief Summary ( valencia )

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El cuscús roig-i-negre (Spilocuscus rufoniger) és una espècie de marsupial de la família dels falangèrids. Viu a Sulawesi i illes properes d'Indonèsia. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos secs subtropicals o tropicals. Està amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat.

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Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus ( saksa )

tarjonnut wikipedia DE

Der Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus (Spilocuscus rufoniger) ist ein Beuteltier aus der Familie der Kletterbeutler (Phalangeridae), das im Norden Neuguineas von der Vogelkop-Halbinsel bis zur Huon-Halbinsel und auf der Insel Yapen vorkommt. Wenige Nachweise der Art gibt es auch aus dem Süden von Neuguinea, aus dem Stromgebiet des Lorentz und aus dem Quellgebiet des Fly.[1]

Merkmale

Der Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus erreicht eine Kopfrumpflänge von 58 bis 69 cm, hat einen 45 bis 65 cm langen Greifschwanz und er erreicht ein Gewicht von 5,5 bis 6,6 kg. Er ist damit der größte Kletterbeutler von Neuguinea. Männchen des Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus haben eine cremeweiße Bauchfärbung und eine gleiche Grundfärbung auf dem Rücken. Der hintere Rücken und die Oberschenkel sind mit schwarzen oder tief dunkelroten Flecken gemustert. Beim vorderen Rückenbereich, im Nacken, auf den Schultern und den Oberarmen sind diese Flecken rötlich- bis golden-orange. Kopf, Hände und Füße sind einfarbig rötlich- bis golden-orange gefärbt. Der Schwanz ist golden-orange bis weißlich. Weibchen sind ähnlich gefärbt, nur dass bei ihnen die Färbung flächig ausgeprägt ist, so dass sie im hinteren Rückenbereich einen dunklen Sattelfleck zeigen. Jungtiere sind einförmig rotbraun gefärbt. Der Schädel des Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus ist relativ groß (Condylobasallänge 107–125 mm) und die Molaren sind massiv und nur wenig gezackt. Die Ohren sind kurz und stehen nur leicht aus dem Fell hervor.[1]

Lebensraum

 src=
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus

Der Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus kommt in unberührten Primärregenwäldern vom Meeresniveau bis in Höhen von 1200 Metern vor. Im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet ist er nicht häufig.[1]

Lebensweise

Der Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus ist nacht- und tagaktiv. Die Tiere schlafen in Astgabeln hoch in den Bäumen. Sie ernähren sich wie andere Tüpfelkuskus von Blättern und Früchten, darunter die Eicheln von Südeichen (Lithocarpus). Weiteres zur Ernährung ist nicht bekannt. Ein Weibchen bekommt ein einzelnes Jungtier. Zu den bekannten Fressfeinden des Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus gehören große Pythons.[1]

Gefährdung

In den letzten 15 Jahren ist der Bestand des Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus um 80 % zurückgegangen. In Teilen seines ehemaligen Verbreitungsgebietes, beispielsweise auf der Vogelkop- und der Huon-Halbinsel, ist die Art eventuell gänzlich verschwunden. Hauptgrund für den Niedergang des Bestandes ist das Abholzen des Regenwald, etwa um Holz zu gewinnen oder Ölpalmplantagen anzulegen. Nach Einschätzung der IUCN ist die Art vom Aussterben bedroht (Critically Endangered).[2]

Belege

  1. a b c d Kristofer Helgen & Stephen Jackson: Family Phalangeridae (Cuscuses, Brush-tailed Possums and Scaly-tailed Possum). Seite 495 in Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5. Monotremes and Marsupials. Lynx Editions, 2015, ISBN 978-84-96553-99-6
  2. Spilocuscus rufoniger in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2016. Eingestellt von: Leary, T., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Helgen, K., Allison, A., James, R., Flannery, T., Aplin, K., Dickman, C. & Salas, L., 2015. Abgerufen am 11. März 2018.
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Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus: Brief Summary ( saksa )

tarjonnut wikipedia DE

Der Schwarzfleck-Tüpfelkuskus (Spilocuscus rufoniger) ist ein Beuteltier aus der Familie der Kletterbeutler (Phalangeridae), das im Norden Neuguineas von der Vogelkop-Halbinsel bis zur Huon-Halbinsel und auf der Insel Yapen vorkommt. Wenige Nachweise der Art gibt es auch aus dem Süden von Neuguinea, aus dem Stromgebiet des Lorentz und aus dem Quellgebiet des Fly.

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Black-spotted cuscus ( englanti )

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The black-spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus rufoniger) is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is among the largest members of the family, only being surpassed by the bear cuscus. It is a relatively colourful species found in forests of northern New Guinea.[2] It is threatened by hunting and habitat loss, and has already disappeared from large parts of its range. Consequently, it is rated as Critically Endangered by IUCN.[2]

Evolution and history

The family Phalangeridae originated from the Australian rainforests by the early Miocene epoch. Since then, cuscuses have successfully diversified from the Phalangerids. Current research has indicated that the Trichosurini (possums) separated from the cuscuses that comprised the extant Phalangerids approximately 23 to 29 million years ago. This split supports the surfacing of Sulawesi and New Guinea. The emergence of these land masses implies that the ancestors of the cuscuses traveled to the New Guinea region that appeared while the Trichosurini stayed in Australia. Shortly after this event, around 19 to 24 million years ago, the cuscuses divided into two groups. The first group consists of Ailurops and Strigocuscus celebensis, and the second consists of Phalanger and Spilocuscus, which currently has five species remaining. Out of these five, three are endangered, with Spilocuscus rufoniger being one of them.[3]

There is a masseteric process present in Spilocuscus rufoniger, which is unique to marsupials. There are also inflated frontal sinuses present in the species, which is thought to be a derived characteristic within the family Phalangeridae. Thus, certain distinct features of the black-spotted cuscuses allow them to be classified them as marsupials in the family Phalangeridae.[4]

Geographic range and habitat

The black-spotted cuscus is indigenous to the island of New Guinea. Although the species is spread throughout northern New Guinea, it has been commonly seen in Sattelberg, a village in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. It dwells in undisturbed lower-montane, tropical, primary forests and lowland areas of thick brushwood below 1200 meters in elevation. Black-spotted cuscuses have been located in secondary forests as well.[5]

Description

Black-spotted cuscuses comprise one of the largest species of the family Phalangeridae; only surpassed in size by the bear cuscus.[6] Adult black-spotted cuscuses weigh approximately 6 to 7 kg (13 to 15 lb) on average. Typically, they are 120 cm in length, with the head and body measuring approximately 70 cm, and the tail measuring 50 cm.[5]

Both adult males and females exhibit red and black fur that is dense and woolly. However, females are bigger and have a uniformly dark, saddle-like coloration, while males have spotty colorations. The pelages of the young transform through a series of colors during maturation. The undersides of black-spotted cuscuses have areas of yellow and white. Females possess four mammae and modified pouches for neonates that open anteriorly.[5]

Black-spotted cuscuses have round heads with a short, pointed snout. The frontal skull bones are convex, which gives them their bulging forehead, and they have a large sinus that is closed off from the nasal cavity. In black-spotted cuscuses, the basioccipital and alisphenoid bones in the skull create a well-developed structure earlier than in other Phalangeridae. Their eyes are characterized by large, vertically split pupils that are useful for their nocturnal lifestyle.[5] There is fur lining the inner ears, which are almost invisible.[3] Black-spotted cuscuses can be distinguished from other cuscuses by their teeth. They have low crowns and small premolars that lie anterior to the primary premolar in the upper jaw. In addition, they have a prominent protocone on their first, upper molars.[5]

They have arched front claws that are pointed acutely for the purpose of climbing. The first two digits on these foreclaws are opposable to the other three digits. The toes of the hind feet have adapted to grasp objects and branches; the opposable big toe has no claws, while the smaller second and third toes are fused together.[5]

Black-spotted cuscuses primarily use their tails for grasping. They are naked at the tip, and the underside of the tails are streaked with calluses for ease of picking up items such as food.[5]

Behavior

Spilocuscus rufoniger are endotherms. The black-spotted cuscuses are primarily arboreal; they only descend to the ground periodically. Being nocturnal creatures, they rest in a curled position on high branches throughout the day. Naturally, they are sluggish creatures with predominantly solitary lifestyles. Feeding and nesting is performed individually. Interactions and encounters between individuals of this species typically involve aggression. There have been no reports of arboreal predators in the habitats of the black-spotted cuscus.[5]

Reproduction

Little is known regarding the mating behavior of black-spotted cuscuses. Courting is typically performed on tree limbs. Black-spotted cuscuses produce offspring via sexual reproduction. They are viviparous, with the mother birthing live young.[5]

Parental care

The mother possesses a pouch that functions in nursing and protecting her altricial neonates. Little else is noted in regards to the parental investment and care of the black-spotted cuscus.[5]

Diet

Little is known about the dietary habits of this species. They are believed to be omnivores that consume small animals. In addition, they feed upon fruits, leaves, nuts.[5]

Population

From 1982 to 1990, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) stated that the species was “Rare”. This was until its status was changed to “Vulnerable” in 1994 and then to “Endangered” in 1996.[2] According to the IUCN, the black-spotted cuscus has been classified as Critically Endangered since 2010.[3] The population of this species is drastically declining due to human disruptions.[2]

The expansion of human populations has led to the conversion from forestry to cultivated land for agricultural purposes.[5] For instance, there has been an influx of Javan people into Papua New Guinea, which destroys the habitats of the black-spotted cuscuses and contributes to their decline.[2]

Currently, plans for oil palm activities and logging concessions are underway in locations that are home to the black-spotted cuscus.[5] International trade has also inhibited the biodiversity on the island of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea has high exportation rates, which serves as a threat to the species.[7]

The main threat to the black-spotted cuscus is overhunting.[8] Due to its large size in comparison to other marsupials, it is frequently hunted for its meat. In addition, its dense, colorful fur makes it favorable for capes and headwear. The existence of the black-spotted cuscus in a limited environment makes it an easy hunting target.[5]

Conservation status

Currently, there are no existing national parks in Papua New Guinea to protect this species.[5] However, to address the critical endangerment status, a management area has been built in Papua New Guinea, and there are numerous areas in Indonesia that the black-spotted cuscuses can inhabit for protection.[3] To further address the problem, hunting restrictions and public awareness need to be implemented.[2]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spilocuscus rufoniger.
  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Leary, T.; Singadan, R.; Menzies, J.; Helgen, K.; Allison, A.; James, R.; Flannery, T.; Aplin, K.; Dickman, C.; Salas, L. (2016). "Spilocuscus rufoniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T20639A21949788. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T20639A21949788.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Evolutionary Distinct & Globally Endangered (2010). Black-spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus rufoniger). ZSL Living Conservation.
  4. ^ Wroe, S.; Brammall, J.; Cooke, B.N. (1998). "The Skull of Ekaltadeta ima (Marsupialia, Hypsiprymnodontidae): An Analysis of Some Marsupial Cranial Features and a Reinvestigation of Propleopine Phylogeny". Journal of Paleontology. 72 (4). JSTOR 1306699.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bey, Lisa (2014). Spilocuscus rufoniger: Black-spotted Cuscus. Animal Diversity Web.
  6. ^ Spilocuscus rufoniger: Black-spotted Cuscus. Encyclopedia of Life
  7. ^ Lenzen, M.; Moran, D.; Kanemoto, K.; Foran, B.; Lobefaro, L. (2012). "International Trade Drives Biodiversity Threats in Developing Nations". Nature. 486 (7401): 109–112. doi:10.1038/nature11145. PMID 22678290.
  8. ^ Cuthbert, Richard (2010). "Sustainability of Hunting, Population Densities, Intrinsic Rates of Increase and Conservation of Papua New Guinean Mammals: A Quantitative Review". Biological Conservation. 143 (8): 1850–1859. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.005.
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Black-spotted cuscus: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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The black-spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus rufoniger) is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is among the largest members of the family, only being surpassed by the bear cuscus. It is a relatively colourful species found in forests of northern New Guinea. It is threatened by hunting and habitat loss, and has already disappeared from large parts of its range. Consequently, it is rated as Critically Endangered by IUCN.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( kastilia )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger es una especie de cuscus, marsupial de la familia Phalangeridae. Es de los mayores de dicha familia, solo lo supera el cuscus ursino de Célebes. Es una especie de pelaje colorido con su zona ventral blancuzca o amarillenta, cabeza y miembros rufos, y una espalda negra o manchada. Habita en bosques a altitudes de hasta 1200 m.s.n.m. al norte de Nueva Guinea.[2]​ Se encuentra amenazado por la caza y pérdida de hábitat, y ya ha desaparecido de grandes zonas de su rango. Por lo que la IUCN lo ha calificado como una especie en Peligro Crítico.[2]

Referencias

  1. Groves, Colin (2005). «Spilocuscus rufoniger». En Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 48-49. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. a b c Leary, T., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Helgen, K., Allison, A., James, R., Flannery, T., Aplin, K., Dickman, C. & Salas, L. (2008). «Spilocuscus rufoniger». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as critically endangered

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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger es una especie de cuscus, marsupial de la familia Phalangeridae. Es de los mayores de dicha familia, solo lo supera el cuscus ursino de Célebes. Es una especie de pelaje colorido con su zona ventral blancuzca o amarillenta, cabeza y miembros rufos, y una espalda negra o manchada. Habita en bosques a altitudes de hasta 1200 m.s.n.m. al norte de Nueva Guinea.​ Se encuentra amenazado por la caza y pérdida de hábitat, y ya ha desaparecido de grandes zonas de su rango. Por lo que la IUCN lo ha calificado como una especie en Peligro Crítico.​

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( baski )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger Spilocuscus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Phalangerinae azpifamilia eta Phalangeridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Zimara (1937) 74 Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 35. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger Spilocuscus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Phalangerinae azpifamilia eta Phalangeridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( ranska )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger est une espèce de marsupiaux de la famille des Phalangeridae. C'est l'un des plus grands membres de cette famille. On le rencontre dans le nord de la Nouvelle-Guinée.

Notes et références

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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger est une espèce de marsupiaux de la famille des Phalangeridae. C'est l'un des plus grands membres de cette famille. On le rencontre dans le nord de la Nouvelle-Guinée.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( galicia )

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O Spilocuscus rufoniger é unha especie de marsupial da familia dos falanxéridos. É un dos membros máis grandes da familia, só sendo superado polo cuscús ursino. É unha especie relativamente colorida que habita nos bosques do norte da illa de Nova Guinea.[1] Atópasee ameazado por mor da caza e a perda de hábitat, e xa desapareceu en grandes áreas da súa área orixinal. Está considerado como en perigo crítico pola IUCN.[1]

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Leary, T., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Helgen, K., Allison, A., James, R., Flannery, T., Aplin, K., Dickman, C. & Salas, L. (2016). Spilocuscus rufoniger. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species doi 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T20639A21949788.en

Véxase tamén

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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( galicia )

tarjonnut wikipedia gl Galician

O Spilocuscus rufoniger é unha especie de marsupial da familia dos falanxéridos. É un dos membros máis grandes da familia, só sendo superado polo cuscús ursino. É unha especie relativamente colorida que habita nos bosques do norte da illa de Nova Guinea. Atópasee ameazado por mor da caza e a perda de hábitat, e xa desapareceu en grandes áreas da súa área orixinal. Está considerado como en perigo crítico pola IUCN.

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Kuskus Tutul Hitam ( Indonesia )

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Kuskus Tutul Hitam (Spilocuscus rufoniger) adalah spesies marsupial dari keluarga Phalangeridae. Kuskus Tutul Hitam adalah kuskus terbesar di antara anggota keluarganya, hanya kalah dari Kuskus Beruang. Kuskus Tutul Hitam terlihat mencolok dalam spesiesnya dengan warna bulu di bagian bawah tubuh berwarna keputih-putihan atau kekuning-kuningan, berwarna karat mahkota dibagian tungkai, dan warna tutul hitam dibagian punggung. Kuskus Tutul Hitam dapat ditemukan di hutan dengan ketinggian 1200 meter di atas permukaan laut di bagian Utara Pulau Papua.[2]

Hewan ini terancam kepunahan, karena perburuan dan kehilangan habitatnya, dan telah hilang di hampir seluruh wilayah hidupnya. Keberadaan hewan ini berada pada keadaan bahaya menurut laporan dari International Union for Conservation of Nature.[2]

Referensi

  1. ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., ed. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (edisi ke-3). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. hlm. 48–49. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c Leary, T., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Helgen, K., Allison, A., James, R., Flannery, T., Aplin, K., Dickman, C. & Salas, L. (2008). "Spilocuscus rufoniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Diakses tanggal 28 December 2008.Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link) Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as critically endangered
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Kuskus Tutul Hitam: Brief Summary ( Indonesia )

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Kuskus Tutul Hitam (Spilocuscus rufoniger) adalah spesies marsupial dari keluarga Phalangeridae. Kuskus Tutul Hitam adalah kuskus terbesar di antara anggota keluarganya, hanya kalah dari Kuskus Beruang. Kuskus Tutul Hitam terlihat mencolok dalam spesiesnya dengan warna bulu di bagian bawah tubuh berwarna keputih-putihan atau kekuning-kuningan, berwarna karat mahkota dibagian tungkai, dan warna tutul hitam dibagian punggung. Kuskus Tutul Hitam dapat ditemukan di hutan dengan ketinggian 1200 meter di atas permukaan laut di bagian Utara Pulau Papua.

Hewan ini terancam kepunahan, karena perburuan dan kehilangan habitatnya, dan telah hilang di hampir seluruh wilayah hidupnya. Keberadaan hewan ini berada pada keadaan bahaya menurut laporan dari International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( Italia )

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Il cusco a macchie nere (Spilocuscus rufoniger Zimara, 1937) è un marsupiale arboricolo della famiglia dei Falangeridi[2].

Descrizione

Il cusco a macchie nere è la specie più grande del genere Spilocuscus, e tra tutti i Falangeridi della Nuova Guinea può essere scambiato solamente con il cusco maculato comune (S. maculatus): ha una lunghezza testa-corpo di 58–70 cm, una coda di 45–60 cm e pesa 5,5-6,6 kg. Le femmine sono più grandi dei maschi. Ha manto folto e lanoso, fronte rotonda, muso breve e orecchie quasi invisibili internamente ricoperte di pelo. Gli occhi, molto appariscenti, hanno una pupilla verticale. La specie presenta dicromatismo sessuale: la colorazione generale è rossastra, ma le femmine presentano una grande macchia scura a forma di sella sul dorso, sostituita, nei maschi, da una serie di screziature o macchie. Sulle guance vi sono delle macchie bianche di pelo più folto. Gli esemplari giovani sono interamente di colore rossastro. La specie differisce dal cusco di Waigeo (S. papuensis) per un numero maggiore di macchie nei maschi e dal cusco delle isole dell'Ammiragliato (S. kraemeri) per le dimensioni maggiori[3].

Biologia

Conosciamo ben poco la biologia di questa specie, e gran parte di quello che sappiamo su di essa lo dobbiamo alle ricerche effettuate da Tim Flannery sulla Catena Costiera Settentrionale tra il 1985 e il 1990. Il cusco a macchie nere è presente dal livello del mare fino ad almeno 1200 m di quota, può essere attivo anche durante il giorno e un esemplare adulto è stato scorto mentre si spostava da un ramo all'altro a metà mattinata.

La specie predilige le foreste pluviali, sia di pianura che di bassa montagna, ed è meno comune nelle foreste secondarie. Ha abitudini perlopiù notturne.

Non conosciamo esattamente quale sia la dieta dell'animale, ma a Flannery gli indigeni dissero che esso si nutre dei semi di Lithocarpus, portandogli anche dei semi caduti che presentavano segni di masticazione. Anche i dati inerenti alla riproduzione sono scarsi: nella regione di Yapsiei, Flannery catturò una femmina con un giovane maschio nel marsupio completamente ricoperto di pelo del peso di 1,6 kg; pochi giorni dopo catturò un'altra femmina, che però non era accompagnata da nessun piccolo[4].

Distribuzione e habitat

Il cusco a macchie nere è una specie rara, ma con un vasto areale che si estende lungo le coste settentrionali della Nuova Guinea. Popola le foreste pluviali, dal livello del mare fino a 1200 m di quota[1].

Conservazione

Il cusco a macchie nere è uno dei mammiferi più rari del mondo. Il numero di esemplari è sconosciuto, ma è sicuramente molto esiguo. È ormai scomparso da parte del suo areale, probabilmente a causa della caccia e della distruzione dell'habitat. I locali danno lui la caccia per la carne e per motivi culturali. Gran parte delle foreste in cui abitava sono state ormai convertite in terreni agricoli. La parte occidentale del suo areale (quella costituita dalla provincia indonesiana dell'Irian Jaya) ha subito in particolar modo le conseguenze dovute all'afflusso di abitanti provenienti da altre parti dell'Indonesia. Gran parte dell'areale indonesiano della specie è stato ormai convertito all'agricoltura, e il Governo intende rilasciare concessioni per lo sfruttamento del legname e la coltivazione della palma da olio nella regione. La IUCN lo classifica tra le specie in pericolo critico (Critically Endangered)[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Spilocuscus rufoniger, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Spilocuscus rufoniger, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ (EN) Spilocuscus rufoniger, in EDGE (Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered), Zoological Society of London.
  4. ^ Spilocuscus rufoniger Archiviato il 19 aprile 2014 in Internet Archive. on Mammals of Papua.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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Il cusco a macchie nere (Spilocuscus rufoniger Zimara, 1937) è un marsupiale arboricolo della famiglia dei Falangeridi.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( flaami )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger is een zoogdier uit de familie van de koeskoezen (Phalangeridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Zimara in 1937 als Phalanger rufoniger.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor op Nieuw-Guinea.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

Spilocuscus rufoniger is een zoogdier uit de familie van de koeskoezen (Phalangeridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Zimara in 1937 als Phalanger rufoniger.

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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( portugali )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger é uma espécie de marsupial da família Phalangeridae. Endêmica da Nova Guiné Ocidental, na Indonésia.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.
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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( portugali )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger é uma espécie de marsupial da família Phalangeridae. Endêmica da Nova Guiné Ocidental, na Indonésia.

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Svartfläckig kuskus ( ruotsi )

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Svartfläckig kuskus (Spilocuscus rufoniger[3][4][5][6]) är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Zimara 1937. Spilocuscus rufoniger ingår i släktet fläckkuskusar och familjen klätterpungdjur.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[7]

Pungdjuret förekommer på norra och västra Nya Guinea men utbredningsområdet är uppdelat i många små regioner. Arten vistas i låglandet och på upp till 1 200 meter höga bergstrakter. Habitatet utgörs främst av tropisk regnskog.[1]


Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Spilocuscus rufoniger Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-1024.
  2. ^ Tate, G. H. H. (1945) Results of the Archbold Expeditions, no. 52: The marsupial genus Phalanger, American Museum Novitates, no. 1283
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  4. ^ (1998) , website, Mammal Species of the World
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  6. ^ Nowak, Ronald M. (1991) , Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.
  7. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  8. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26


Externa länkar

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Svartfläckig kuskus: Brief Summary ( ruotsi )

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Svartfläckig kuskus (Spilocuscus rufoniger) är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Zimara 1937. Spilocuscus rufoniger ingår i släktet fläckkuskusar och familjen klätterpungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad. Inga underarter finns listade.

Pungdjuret förekommer på norra och västra Nya Guinea men utbredningsområdet är uppdelat i många små regioner. Arten vistas i låglandet och på upp till 1 200 meter höga bergstrakter. Habitatet utgörs främst av tropisk regnskog.


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Spilocuscus rufoniger ( vietnam )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Phalangeridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Zimara mô tả năm 1937.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Leary, T., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Helgen, K., Allison, A., James, R., Flannery, T., Aplin, K., Dickman, C. & Salas, L. (2008). Spilocuscus rufoniger. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as critically endangered
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Spilocuscus rufoniger”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Spilocuscus rufoniger: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

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Spilocuscus rufoniger là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Phalangeridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Zimara mô tả năm 1937.

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검은반점쿠스쿠스 ( Korea )

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검은반점쿠스쿠스(Spilocuscus rufoniger)는 쿠스쿠스과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 쿠스쿠스과 중에서 곰쿠스쿠스 다음으로 큰 종이다. 비교적 다채로운 색을 띠며, 뉴기니 북부 지역 숲에서 발견된다.[2] 사냥과 서식지 감소로 멸종 위협을 받고 있으며, 분포 지역의 상당 부분이 이미 사라졌다. 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 멸종위급종(CR, Critically Endangered Species)로 분류하고 있다.[2]

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 48–49쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Spilocuscus rufoniger”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 28일에 확인함. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as critically endangered
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검은반점쿠스쿠스: Brief Summary ( Korea )

tarjonnut wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

검은반점쿠스쿠스(Spilocuscus rufoniger)는 쿠스쿠스과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 쿠스쿠스과 중에서 곰쿠스쿠스 다음으로 큰 종이다. 비교적 다채로운 색을 띠며, 뉴기니 북부 지역 숲에서 발견된다. 사냥과 서식지 감소로 멸종 위협을 받고 있으며, 분포 지역의 상당 부분이 이미 사라졌다. 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 멸종위급종(CR, Critically Endangered Species)로 분류하고 있다.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia 한국어 위키백과