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Phalanger gymnotis is hunted for its meat year round and is an important protein source for rural populations throughout Papua New Guinea. In some communities, P. gymnotis is consumed only by senior elders of the community and is considered to have medicinal qualities.
Positive Impacts: pet trade ; food ; source of medicine or drug
Other than humans, Phalanger gymnotis has no documented predators. Humans prey upon P. gymnotis using traps, dogs, and traditional hunting methods. The nocturnal, solitary, and arboreal habits of P. gymnotis likely reduces risk of predation.
Known Predators:
Phalanger gymnotis has a short, coarse, grey-brown or silver-grey coat that contains a dark mid-dorsal stripe. Fur continues down the rump, covering the top of the tail. The remainder of the tail is covered in small bumpy growths that increase friction for gripping. Phalanger gymotis has little to no fur on the ears. The lack of fur on the ears and the dark dorsal stripe distinguish P. gymnotis from other members of its parent genus, Phalanger. At higher altitudes, tail fur is more dense and may have a white tip. Similar to other members of Phalanger, P. gymnotis has five digits on each foot, including a single opposable digit on the hind feet. The opposable digit is the only digit lacking a claw. Ground cuscuses vary in mass from 1,500 g to 4,850 g and in length from 310 mm to 539 mm. Tail length makes up a significant portion of its body length and ranges from 290 mm to 335 mm. Individuals in the northernmost part of its range tend to be larger, while individuals at higher altitudes are smaller than those a lower altitude.
The skulls of Phalanger gymnotis feature a powerful zygomatic arch and prominent sagittal crest, a narrow rostrum, and short paroccipital processes. Phalanger gymnotis is further divided into two subspecies, P. gymnotis gymnotis and P. gymnotis leucippus, which are differentiated by the wider palate and broader nasals of P. gymnotis gymnotis. The basal metabolic rate of P. gymnotis is 518.2 cm^3 oxygen/hour. Sexual dimorphism has not been reported in this species.
Range mass: 1,500.0 to 4,850.0 g.
Range length: 310.0 to 539.0 mm.
Average basal metabolic rate: 518.2 cm3.O2/g/hr.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
The lifespan of wild Phalanger gymnotis is unknown, but individuals at least 15 years of age have been recorded in captivity.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 15 (high) years.
Phalanger gymnotis occupies a variety of habitats including rainforests, caves and gardens. It is found from sea level up to 2,700 m but is most common at the lower end of its altitudinal range. Primarily terrestrial, P. gymnotis seeks refuge in dens, which are constructed in caves, under trees, and along stream beds. It may also be found in cultivated gardens, despite close proximity to humans.
Range elevation: 0 to 2,700 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: suburban ; caves
Ground cuscuses (Phalanger gymnotis) are found on the islands of New Guinea, Yapen, Misool, Salawati and the Aru Islands. Although rare, they have also been sighted in southernmost regions of New Guinea.
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Phalanger gymnotis is primarily frugivorous, but also consumes eggs, seeds, and leaves. It forages on the fruit and leaves of plants from numerous genera, including Elaeocarpus, Ficus, Pipturus, Pandanus, Oenathe, Rungia, and Ficus odoardii. Fruit is collected from trees and from the ground. Female ground cuscuses have been observed filling their pouches with fruit and then returning to their home dens where it is stored.
Animal Foods: eggs
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Fruit dispersion may be increased by Phalanger gymnotis. As large frugivores, ground cuscuses are one of the only species large enough to disperse virtually all fruits in the New Guinean rainforest. By translocating fruit and ingesting seeds, P. gymnotis is likely an important seed disperser throughout its geographic range. Parasites specific to this species have not been documented.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Ground cuscuses may dwell in and around cultivated gardens and eat crops such as sweet potatoes.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
Although hunting has significantly reduced local populations of Phalanger gymnotis, the species remains widely distributed and is abundant throughout its geographic range. It is classified as a species of "least concern" on the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species. In Indonesia, P. gymnotis is protected by law and cannot be captured, kept or traded. Until recently, it was acceptable for only the most senior members of many regional tribes in New Guinea to consume Phalanger gymnotis, and as a result, was infrequently hunted. As food taboos in rural villages changed during the 1970s and 1980s, P. gymnotis became an acceptable food source for members of almost all social levels resulting in increased pressure from hunting.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Phalanger gymnotis uses urine and cloacal gland secretions as scent markers. The scent, produced by both males and females, is said to smell like coffee. It likely uses pheromones to demarcate territorial boundaries and to attract potential mates. Ground cuscuses communicate vocally before and during mating and while fighting. While fighting, P. gymnotis hisses, honks, and foot thumps to communicate aggression.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones ; scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Phalanger gymnotis was formerly a member of the genus Spilocuscus, but molecular data led to its reclassification. It includes two subspecies, P. gymnotis gymnotis and P. gymnotis leucippus.
Little is known about breeding in Phalanger gymnotis in the wild. In captive populations, males court females by chasing and biting prospective mates when they are in estrus. Chasing may occur during daylight hours, but is most common at night, as Phalanger gymnotis is nocturnal. Although the mating system is unknown, it is either polygynous or polygynandrous, as males have been noted mating with at least two different females.
Phalanger gymnotis mates year round and gives birth to a single newborn. Although gestation lasts 13 days, delayed implantation may occur, lengthening the time between copulation and birth. Females are almost always found to have a single young in their pouch, so the breeding interval is assumed to correspond with the length of time to independence for young. Young remain in the mothers pouch for approximately three months, at which point they exit the pouch at night. They continue to sleep in the pouch until the age of 5-7 months, when they leave permanently. Time to weaning is unclear as the continued use of the pouch makes weaning observations difficult.
Breeding season: Phalanger gymnotis breed year round
Range number of offspring: 1 (low) .
Average gestation period: 13 days.
Range time to independence: 5 to 7 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; delayed implantation
Young are altricial and remain in the mother's pouch, not leaving permanently until the age of 5-7 months. The mother provides milk, but time to weaning is unknown. Young exit the pouch first at night, at approximately 3 months old. The young do not exit during the day to sleep alone until the age of 4 to 5 months.
Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Ar c'houskous douar (Phalanger gymnotis pe Strigocuscus gymnotis) a zo ur bronneg godellek hag a vev e Ginea Nevez hag en inizi Aru (Maluku).
Tiriad ar c'houskous douar. Ar c'houskous douar (Phalanger gymnotis pe Strigocuscus gymnotis) a zo ur bronneg godellek hag a vev e Ginea Nevez hag en inizi Aru (Maluku).
El cuscús terrestre de les illes Aru (Phalanger gymnotis) és un marsupial de la família dels falangèrids, dins l'ordre dels diprotodonts.[1] És originari de Nova Guinea i l'illa Aru i el seu hàbitat natural són els boscos i els matollars a entre 500 i 1.500 metres per sobre el nivell del mar, tot i que se l'ha trobat a altituds tan baixes com 200 m i tan altres com 2.600 m.
El cuscús terrestre de les illes Aru (Phalanger gymnotis) és un marsupial de la família dels falangèrids, dins l'ordre dels diprotodonts. És originari de Nova Guinea i l'illa Aru i el seu hàbitat natural són els boscos i els matollars a entre 500 i 1.500 metres per sobre el nivell del mar, tot i que se l'ha trobat a altituds tan baixes com 200 m i tan altres com 2.600 m.
Kuskus pozemní (Phalanger gymnotis nebo Strigocuscus gymnotis) je vačnatec z čeledi kuskusovitých.
Tělesná hmotnost kuskuse pozemního je v průměru 2,5–3 kg. Délka hlavy a těla je přibližně 440 mm a délka ocasu 330 mm, ale u volně žijící populace jsou hmotnosti a délky kolísavé v závislosti na jejich výskytu (největší jedince nalezneme v nížinných oblastech, nejmenší jsou ve vyšších). Na zadních končetinách má kuskus palec, kterým se může dotýkat ostatních prstů. Má také chápavý ocas, který mu umožňuje snadný přesun ze stromu na strom pro potravu.
Jeho srst je krátká a hustá, obvykle v některém odstínu šedé, často s bílým břichem a šourkem. Má velká chodidla s pěti prsty s drápy. Uši jsou nápadné a holé. Vak se otvírá dopředu a obsahuje 4 mléčné žlázy.
Kuskus pozemní je endemitem Nové Guiney a Aruských ostrovů. Obývá lesy i buš. Obvykle se vyskytuje v nadmořských výškách mezi 500–1500 m, ale byl zaznamenán i ve 200 a 2600 m. Bažinatým oblastem, deltám a záplavovým územím se zpravidla vyhýbá.
Rozlišují se dva poddruhy: nominátní Phalanger gymnotis gymnotis a Phalanger gymnotis leucippus – kuskus novoguinejský.
V zoo je tento druh chován velmi vzácně. Na celém světě bylo v roce 2017 v databázi ZIMS uváděno pouhých 16 institucí.[2] V Evropě jej v březnu 2019 chovalo 15 zoo. V Česku jsou k vidění ve čtyřech zoo:[3]
V Zoo Praha je tento druh chován od roku 2001[3] a první úspěšný odchov se podařil v roce 2005, a jednalo se tak o český prvoodchov (v Plzni první 2011). Doposud (počátek roku 2018) se podařilo odchovat 15 mláďat. Zatím poslední přišlo na svět v roce 2016.[2]
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Ground Cuscus na anglické Wikipedii.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu kuskus pozemní ve Wikimedia Commons
Kuskus pozemní (Phalanger gymnotis nebo Strigocuscus gymnotis) je vačnatec z čeledi kuskusovitých.
Tělesná hmotnost kuskuse pozemního je v průměru 2,5–3 kg. Délka hlavy a těla je přibližně 440 mm a délka ocasu 330 mm, ale u volně žijící populace jsou hmotnosti a délky kolísavé v závislosti na jejich výskytu (největší jedince nalezneme v nížinných oblastech, nejmenší jsou ve vyšších). Na zadních končetinách má kuskus palec, kterým se může dotýkat ostatních prstů. Má také chápavý ocas, který mu umožňuje snadný přesun ze stromu na strom pro potravu.
Jeho srst je krátká a hustá, obvykle v některém odstínu šedé, často s bílým břichem a šourkem. Má velká chodidla s pěti prsty s drápy. Uši jsou nápadné a holé. Vak se otvírá dopředu a obsahuje 4 mléčné žlázy.
Kuskus pozemní je endemitem Nové Guiney a Aruských ostrovů. Obývá lesy i buš. Obvykle se vyskytuje v nadmořských výškách mezi 500–1500 m, ale byl zaznamenán i ve 200 a 2600 m. Bažinatým oblastem, deltám a záplavovým územím se zpravidla vyhýbá.
Rozlišují se dva poddruhy: nominátní Phalanger gymnotis gymnotis a Phalanger gymnotis leucippus – kuskus novoguinejský.
Der Gleichfarbkuskus (Phalanger gymnotis) ist ein Beuteltier aus der Familie der Kletterbeutler (Phalangeridae), das im Westen, Norden und Osten, im zentralen Hochland von Neuguinea, sowie auf Yapen, Salawati, Misool und den Aru-Inseln vorkommt.[1]
Der Gleichfarbkuskus ist ein relativ großer, kräftig gebauter Kuskus und erreicht eine Kopfrumpflänge von 31 bis 54 cm, hat einen 29 bis 39,5 cm langen Greifschwanz und erreicht ein Gewicht von 1,5 bis 5 kg. Das Fell ist grau bis graubraun, mit einem dunklen Streifen in der Rückenmitte und hellen Ohrbasen. Die Ohren sind relativ klein. Der Schwanz ist auf mehr als der Hälfte seiner Länge haarlos und endet oft in einer weißen Spitze. Der Kopf ist mittelgroß bis groß und breit, die Schnauze ist schmal. Der dritte obere Prämolar ist sehr groß und steht höher als die Kronen der oberen Molaren. Der Zahn ist in Proportion zur Körpergröße größer als bei allen anderen Kletterbeutlern.[1]
Gleichfarbkuskus aus Bergwäldern, die in einer Höhe von mehr als 1000 bis 1500 über dem Meeresspiegel liegen, sind deutlich kleiner als ihre Artgenossen aus dem Tiefland. Sie haben längere Haare und ein weicheres Fell.[1]
Der Gleichfarbkuskus kommt in verschiedenen Waldtypen von Meeresspiegelhöhe bis einer Höhe von 2700 Metern vor. Am häufigsten ist die Art in Höhen von 500 bis 1500 Metern. Die Tiere bewegen sich relativ langsam, sind nachtaktiv und verbringen den Tag in Höhlen unter oder auf dem Erdboden, z. B. unter Baumwurzeln, zwischen Felsen, in dichter Vegetation und in Löchern, die vom Menschen angelegt wurden. Am frühen Morgen sonnen sie oft vor ihrem Versteck sitzend. Der Gleichfarbkuskus ernährt sich vor allem von Blättern und Früchten. Nachgewiesen wurde der Konsum von Feigen, Bananen und Süßkartoffeln, sowie der Früchte von Elaeocarpus, Garcinia, Pipturus, von Schraubenbäumen, sowie der Verzehr von Farnen, Erechtites, Wasserfenchel (Oenanthe) und Rungia. In geringem Maß fressen sie auch Kleintiere, darunter Nagetiere und kleine Echsen. Öfters wurde beobachtet das Weibchen Nahrung im Beutel zum Nest transportierten. Gleichfarbkuskus produzieren verschiedene Laute, die sich wie Zischen oder Husten anhören. Außerdem trampeln sie mit den Hinterfüßen um Geräusche zu erzeugen. Beide Geschlechter markieren ihren Lebensraum mit Urin und mit einem weißen, cremigen Sekret, das von Drüsen an der Kloake produziert wird. Sie sind relativ unverträglich und kämpfen, nur auf den Hinterbeinen stehend, mit den Vorderpfoten miteinander. Viele Exemplare haben Narben im Gesicht, beschädigte Ohren oder es fehlen ihnen Zehen. Die Weibchen bekommen ein einzelnes Jungtier. Die meisten werden in den Monaten von April bis Oktober geboren. Das Jungtier verlässt den mütterlichen Beutel erstmals nach etwa 108 Tagen, verbringt mit einem Alter von ca. 138 Tagen die meiste Zeit außerhalb des Beutels, es wird dann von der Mutter auf dem Rücken transportiert, und bleibt permanent außerhalb des Beutels, wenn es 160 bis 200 Tage alt ist. In menschlicher Obhut gehaltene Gleichfarbkuskus wurden maximal elf Jahre alt.[1]
Die IUCN schätzt den Bestand des Gleichfarbkuskus als ungefährdet (Least Concern) ein. Die Tiere haben ein großes Verbreitungsgebiet, sind relativ häufig und so anpassungsfähig, dass sie auch in vom Menschen gestörten Biotopen leben können.[1]
Der Gleichfarbkuskus (Phalanger gymnotis) ist ein Beuteltier aus der Familie der Kletterbeutler (Phalangeridae), das im Westen, Norden und Osten, im zentralen Hochland von Neuguinea, sowie auf Yapen, Salawati, Misool und den Aru-Inseln vorkommt.
The ground cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis) is a marsupial from the order Diprotodontia and belongs within the family Phalangeridae, a diverse family consisting of the other cuscus species and the brushtail possums (Trichosurus spp.) and the scaly-tailed possum (Wyulda squamicaudata).
It is known as madaw, ket-ketm, or kñm in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea.[3]
Body weight of the ground cuscus averages 2.5 – 3.0 kg. Head and body length is about 440 mm and tail length is 330 mm although wild populations show variation depending on their location, with individuals from lowland regions being the largest and highland animals the smallest. It has opposable thumbs on the hind feet, a prehensile tail, and a bifurcation between the second and third front digits to allow it to move easily within the trees and to feed in a suspensory position.
The pelage is short and dense and is usually some shade of grey, often with white markings on the belly and scrotum. The tail has a course, tubercle-like appearance at the base and on the dorsal side, with a ridged fingertip patterning on the underside to facilitate gripping. The feet are large with five digits, only the opposable digit on each hind foot is without claws. The ears of the ground cuscus are prominent and naked. The pouch opens forward and contains four mammae.
Cuscuses are generally arboreal folivore/frugivores, and are slow-moving and nocturnal, although hunters in New Guinea have observed them sunning themselves outside their burrows in the early morning. The tendency to nest in burrows makes this species vulnerable to hunting with dogs.
The ground cuscus differs from all other phalangerids in spending its days in burrows in the ground and appears as comfortable at ground level as in the trees. Captive specimens are often described as being mainly arboreal, whereas wild ground cuscuses are generally described as a terrestrial species. Regarded as a solitary species, the ground cuscus fights by adopting a bipedal stance and lashing out with the forelimbs whilst emitting hissing and barking vocalisations. In captivity, compatible pairs can be housed together, but periodic fighting may still occur.
No information on longevity in the wild is available. A captive specimen was known to live for 18 years with 10 years not uncommon.
The ground cuscus is endemic to New Guinea and Aru Islands and inhabits both forests and scrubland. It is most common at elevations between 500 and 1500 m but has been recorded as low as 200 m and as high as 2600 m. Swampy areas, deltas and floodplains are usually avoided. The ground cuscus is classified as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List, although it has been extirpated from parts of its original range by excessive hunting.
The ground cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis) is a marsupial from the order Diprotodontia and belongs within the family Phalangeridae, a diverse family consisting of the other cuscus species and the brushtail possums (Trichosurus spp.) and the scaly-tailed possum (Wyulda squamicaudata).
El cuscús de tierra (Phalanger gymnotis) es una especie de marsupial de la familia Phalangeridae, que habita en Nueva Guinea y las islas Aru entre los 200 y 2600 m de altitud.
Pesa entre 2,5 y 3 kg. Su cuerpo mide en promedio 44 cm y su cola 33 cm, aunque los ejemplares de las tierras bajas tienden a ser mayores que los de las tierras altas. Su pelo es corto y el pelambre denso, de color gris en la espalda y la cabeza y blanco en el vientre.
Con cola prensil y dedos adaptados para trepar prefiere vivir en los árboles aunque también puede buscar agua o alimentos en el suelo. De hábitos preferentemente nocturnos, también desarrolla actividades temprano en la mañana.
Se alimenta de hojas y frutas.
El cuscús de tierra (Phalanger gymnotis) es una especie de marsupial de la familia Phalangeridae, que habita en Nueva Guinea y las islas Aru entre los 200 y 2600 m de altitud.
Phalanger gymnotis Phalanger generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Phalangerinae azpifamilia eta Phalangeridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Phalanger gymnotis Phalanger generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Phalangerinae azpifamilia eta Phalangeridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Il cusco terricolo (Phalanger gymnotis Peters e Doria, 1875) è un marsupiale arboricolo della famiglia dei Falangeridi[2].
Il cusco terricolo pesa in media 2,5-3 kg. Ha una lunghezza testa-corpo di circa 44 cm e una coda di circa 33 cm. Le varie popolazioni, tuttavia, presentano una notevole variazione di dimensioni: gli esemplari che vivono nelle foreste di pianura, ad esempio, sono più grandi di quelli presenti nelle aree montuose. È dotato di pollici opponibili sulle zampe posteriori, di coda prensile e di una biforcazione tra il secondo e il terzo dito delle zampe anteriori, che gli consentono di muoversi con facilità tra gli alberi e di alimentarsi rimanendo in posizione sospesa.
Il manto è breve e folto; la colorazione copre molte tonalità di grigio, spesso con macchie bianche su addome e scroto. La coda presenta una sorta di rigonfiamento alla base e lungo il margine dorsale, mentre la parte inferiore è indurita da nervature trasversali per renderla più atta alla presa. Le zampe sono grandi e munite di cinque dita, delle quali solamente quelle opponibili delle zampe posteriori sono prive di artigli. Le orecchie del cusco terricolo sono prominenti e prive di pelo. Il marsupio si apre in avanti e contiene quattro mammelle.
I cuschi terricoli sono generalmente creature arboricole notturne, folivore e frugivore, che si muovono lentamente, sebbene i cacciatori della Nuova Guinea ogni tanto li scorgano prendere bagni di sole, la mattina presto, appena fuori dalla loro tana. La tendenza a nidificare in gallerie nel suolo rende questa specie particolarmente vulnerabile alla caccia con i cani. Il cusco terricolo si differenzia da tutti gli altri Falangeridi per trascorrere la giornata all'interno della tana, ma sembra a proprio agio sia sul terreno che sugli alberi. Gli esemplari in cattività vengono spesso descritti come prevalentemente arboricoli, mentre quelli selvatici hanno abitudini perlopiù terricole. Specie solitaria, il cusco terricolo combatte con i conspecifici adottando una postura bipede e sferzando l'aria con gli arti anteriori ed emettendo sibili e latrati. In cattività gli esemplari vivono tranquillamente in coppia, ma talvolta scoppiano brevi combattimenti.
Non abbiamo nessuna informazione riguardo alla longevità della specie in natura. In cattività un esemplare è vissuto fino a 18 anni e non sono rari individui che raggiungono i 10 anni.
Il cusco terricolo è presente in un vasto areale che comprende gran parte della Nuova Guinea, le isole Aru e le isole di Yapen, Misool e Salawati (tutte appartenenti politicamente all'Indonesia). In Nuova Guinea è assente solamente dalle pianure meridionali. Si incontra nelle foreste pluviali, dal livello del mare fino a 2700 m di quota, ma è più comune tra i 500 e i 1500 m. Evita le aree paludose, i delta e le zone alluvionali.
Sono state riconosciute due sottospecie:
Il cusco terricolo (Phalanger gymnotis Peters e Doria, 1875) è un marsupiale arboricolo della famiglia dei Falangeridi.
De grondkoeskoes (Phalanger gymnotis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de koeskoezen (Phalangeridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Wilhelm Peters en Giacomo Doria in 1875.
De soort komt voor in Indonesië en Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe grondkoeskoes (Phalanger gymnotis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de koeskoezen (Phalangeridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Wilhelm Peters en Giacomo Doria in 1875.
Phalanger gymnotis é uma espécie de marsupial da família Phalangeridae. Endêmica da ilha de Nova Guiné.
Phalanger gymnotis é uma espécie de marsupial da família Phalangeridae. Endêmica da ilha de Nova Guiné.
Phalanger gymnotis[4] är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av Wilhelm Peters och Giacomo Doria 1875. Phalanger gymnotis ingår i släktet kuskusar och familjen klätterpungdjur.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Arten blir 31 till 54 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 29 till 33,5 cm lång svans och väger 1,5 till 4,85 kg. På ovansidan förekommer gråbrun till silvergrå päls med en mörk längsgående strimma på ryggens topp. Pälsen är kort och lite styv. Svansen är bara på ovansidan helt täckt med hår och på undersidan finns flera nakna ställen. Några exemplar har en vit svansspets. Vid artens fötter är en av tårna motsättlig. Förutom könsorganen finns inga ytliga skillnader mellan hannar och honor.[8]
Pungdjuret förekommer på nästan hela Nya Guinea med undantag av slättlandet i öns centrala södra del. Arten hittas även på mindre öar i samma region. I bergstrakter når den ibland 2 800 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av fuktiga skogar och människans odlingar.[1]
Phalanger gymnotis klättrar vanligen i den låga växtligheten när den letar efter föda. Den äter frukter, blad, frön och ibland ägg. Arten är nattaktiv och gömmer sig på dagen. När honan inte är brunstig lever varje exemplar ensam och de är aggressiva mot varandra. Ibland utkämpas kortare strider.[8]
Fortplantningssättet är bara känt från individer som hölls i fångenskap. Hos dessa skedde parningen oberoende av årstiden. Hannar strider med varandra om rätten att para sig. Ibland vilar det befruktade ägget innan den egentliga dräktigheten börjar. Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 13 dagar kryper ungen till moderns pung (marsupium) och lever där permanent i cirka tre månader. Under de följande två till fyra månader besöker den ofta pungen för att vila. Exemplar i fångenskap blev upp till 15 år gamla.[8]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[6]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Phalanger gymnotis.
Wikispecies har information om Phalanger gymnotis.
Phalanger gymnotis är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av Wilhelm Peters och Giacomo Doria 1875. Phalanger gymnotis ingår i släktet kuskusar och familjen klätterpungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.
Кускус ґрунтовий (Phalanger gymnotis) — вид ссавців родини кускусових з когорти сумчасті (Marsupialia). Вид широко розповсюджений на острові Нова Гвінея (Папуа Нова Гвінея та Індонезія) на островах Ару, Япен, Місул, Салаваті (Індонезія). Живе у первинних і вторинних вологих тропічних лісах, а також в культивованих садах, на висотах від 0 до 2700 м над рівнем моря. Цей вид кускусів незвичний тим, що проводить більшу частину свого часу на ґрунті й навіть має земляні нори. Вид всеїдний. Самиці народжують одне маля.[1]
Основними загрозами є хижацтво з боку диких собак і мисливство людей задля м'яса. Цей вид перебуває під найбільшим тиском полювання серед кускусів, у окремих районах через це був повністю викорінений. Проживає в багатьох природоохоронних зонах.[1]
Кускус ґрунтовий (Phalanger gymnotis) — вид ссавців родини кускусових з когорти сумчасті (Marsupialia). Вид широко розповсюджений на острові Нова Гвінея (Папуа Нова Гвінея та Індонезія) на островах Ару, Япен, Місул, Салаваті (Індонезія). Живе у первинних і вторинних вологих тропічних лісах, а також в культивованих садах, на висотах від 0 до 2700 м над рівнем моря. Цей вид кускусів незвичний тим, що проводить більшу частину свого часу на ґрунті й навіть має земляні нори. Вид всеїдний. Самиці народжують одне маля.
Phalanger gymnotis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Phalangeridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Peters & Doria mô tả năm 1875.[2]
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Phalanger gymnotis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Phalangeridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Peters & Doria mô tả năm 1875.
Phalanger gymnotis (Peters & Doria, 1875)
Ареал
Одноцветный кускус[1] (Phalanger gymnotis) — вид сумчатых семейства поссумы (Phalangeridae).
Вид широко распространён на острове Новая Гвинея на островах Ару, Япен, Мисоол, Салавати (Индонезия). Живёт в первичных и вторичных влажных тропических лесах, а также в культивируемых садах, на высотах от 0 до 2700 метров над уровнем моря. Этот вид необычен тем, что проводит большую часть своего времени на почве и даже имеет земляные норы. Вид всеяден. Самки рожают одного детёныша[2].
Основными угрозами для вида являются хищничество со стороны диких собак и охота людей ради мяса. Этот вид находится под наибольшим давлением охоты среди кускусов, в отдельных районах из-за этого был полностью искоренён. Проживает во многих природоохранных зонах[2].
Одноцветный кускус (Phalanger gymnotis) — вид сумчатых семейства поссумы (Phalangeridae).
Вид широко распространён на острове Новая Гвинея на островах Ару, Япен, Мисоол, Салавати (Индонезия). Живёт в первичных и вторичных влажных тропических лесах, а также в культивируемых садах, на высотах от 0 до 2700 метров над уровнем моря. Этот вид необычен тем, что проводит большую часть своего времени на почве и даже имеет земляные норы. Вид всеяден. Самки рожают одного детёныша.
Основными угрозами для вида являются хищничество со стороны диких собак и охота людей ради мяса. Этот вид находится под наибольшим давлением охоты среди кускусов, в отдельных районах из-за этого был полностью искоренён. Проживает во многих природоохранных зонах.
땅쿠스쿠스(Phalanger gymnotis)는 쿠스쿠스류와 주머니여우속 (Trichosurus) 종, 비늘꼬리주머니쥐 (Wyulda squamicaudata)를 포함하고 있는 쿠스쿠스과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 몸무게는 평균 2.5~3.0kg이다. 몸길이는 약 440mm이고 꼬리 길이는 330mm 정도지만 위치와 개체군에 따라 차이를 보이며, 저지대 지역 개체군은 크고 고지대 지역은 작다. 뒷발 엄지발가락이 서로 마주보게 할 수 있으며, 꼬리는 쥐는 힘이 있고, 두 번째와 세 번째 발가락의 갈라진 부분을 통해 나무에서 쉽게 움직일 수 있으며 매달린 상태로 먹이를 잡을 수 있다. 털이 짧고 무성하며 보통 회색빛을 약간 띠고 복부와 음낭 쪽에 흰 반점 무늬가 나타나기도 한다.
땅쿠스쿠스(Phalanger gymnotis)는 쿠스쿠스류와 주머니여우속 (Trichosurus) 종, 비늘꼬리주머니쥐 (Wyulda squamicaudata)를 포함하고 있는 쿠스쿠스과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 몸무게는 평균 2.5~3.0kg이다. 몸길이는 약 440mm이고 꼬리 길이는 330mm 정도지만 위치와 개체군에 따라 차이를 보이며, 저지대 지역 개체군은 크고 고지대 지역은 작다. 뒷발 엄지발가락이 서로 마주보게 할 수 있으며, 꼬리는 쥐는 힘이 있고, 두 번째와 세 번째 발가락의 갈라진 부분을 통해 나무에서 쉽게 움직일 수 있으며 매달린 상태로 먹이를 잡을 수 있다. 털이 짧고 무성하며 보통 회색빛을 약간 띠고 복부와 음낭 쪽에 흰 반점 무늬가 나타나기도 한다.
