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Giləmeyvəli evkalipt (lat. Eucalyptus coccifera) — mərsinkimilər fəsiləsinin evkalipt cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Aşağıdakı variasiyaları var:
Giləmeyvəli evkalipt (lat. Eucalyptus coccifera) — mərsinkimilər fəsiləsinin evkalipt cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Der Trichterfrucht-Eukalyptus (Eucalyptus coccifera) ist eine Pflanzenart innerhalb der Familie der Myrtengewächse (Myrtaceae). Sie kommt ausschließlich in höher gelegenen Gebieten Tasmaniens vor[1] und wird dort „Tasmanian Snow Gum“[2] oder „Mount Wellington Peppermint“ genannt.
Der Trichterfrucht-Eukalyptus wächst als Baum,[3] der Wuchshöhen von 6 bis 15 Metern erreicht.[4]
Bei Eucalyptus coccifera liegt Heterophyllie vor. Die Laubblätter an erwachsenen Exemplaren sind lanzettlich oder breit-lanzettlich mit spitzem bis bespitztem oberen Ende. Die Keimblätter (Kotyledonen) sind nierenförmig.[3]
Die Blütezeit reicht von Juli bis August.[4] Seitenständig auf einem Blütenstandsschaft steht ein einfacher Blütenstand.[3] Die zwittrige[4] Blüte ist radiärsymmetrisch mit doppelter Blütenhülle. Die Kelchblätter bilden eine Calyptra, die bis zur Öffnung der Blüte (Anthese) vorhanden bleibt.[3]
Der Trichterfrucht-Eukalyptus kommt ausschließlich in Tasmanien vor,[1] beispielsweise am Mount Wellington[5]. Der Trichterfrucht-Eukalyptus wächst in Höhenlagen bis zu 1200 Metern[4].
Die Erstbeschreibung von Eucalyptus coccifera erfolgte 1847 durch den britischen Botaniker Joseph Dalton Hooker unter dem Titel Florae Tasmaniae Spicelegium (Contributions towards a Flora of Van Diemen’s Land) im London Journal of Botany, Volume 6, S. 477. Das Typusmaterial weist die Beschriftung „Tops of mountains: Lawrence, Gunn.: v.v.n.“ auf.[2]
Synonyme von Eucalyptus coccifera Hook.f. sind: Eucalyptus coccifera Hook.f. var. coccifera, Eucalyptus daphnoides Miq., Eucalyptus coccifera var. parviflora Benth.[2]
Es gibt natürliche Hybriden von Eucalyptus coccifera mit beispielsweise Eucalyptus amygdalina und Eucalyptus pauciflora.[6]
Der Trichterfrucht-Eukalyptus (Eucalyptus coccifera) ist eine Pflanzenart innerhalb der Familie der Myrtengewächse (Myrtaceae). Sie kommt ausschließlich in höher gelegenen Gebieten Tasmaniens vor und wird dort „Tasmanian Snow Gum“ oder „Mount Wellington Peppermint“ genannt.
Eucalyptus coccifera, commonly known as the Tasmanian snow gum,[3] is a small to medium-sized tree endemic to Tasmania. It has smooth, grey and cream-coloured bark, elliptic to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between three and nine, usually white flowers and conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.
Eucalyptus coccifera is a tree that typically grows to a height of 15 metres (49 ft) but is sometimes a mallee to 5 m (16 ft). The bark is smooth and light grey to white, with streaks of tan. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, blue-green, elliptic to heart-shaped leaves 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) long and 7–23 mm (0.28–0.91 in) wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, elliptic to lance-shaped, the same glossy green to bluish on both sides, 50–100 mm (2.0–3.9 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide on a petiole 8–22 mm (0.31–0.87 in) long. The flowers are borne in groups of three, seven or nine in leaf axils on a peduncle 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–7 mm (0.039–0.276 in) long. Mature buds are oval, glaucous, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide with a warty, hemispherical to more less flattened operculum. Flowering occurs between December and February and the flower are white, or rarely, pink. The fruit is a woody conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped capsule 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long and 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) wide.[3][4][5][6]
Eucalyptus coccifera was first formally described in 1847 by Joseph Dalton Hooker and the description was published in William Jackson Hooker's London Journal of Botany.[7][8] The specific epithet (coccifera) is derived from the Neo-Latin coccus, from ancient Greek kokkos (κόκκος), "seed of tree fruit" and Latin ferre, "to carry",[9] referring to the leaves having a Coccus infection.[3]
Eucalyptus coccifera is a member of the peppermint group (series Piperitae) within subgenus Eucalyptus (formerly Monocalyptus).[5] It is endemic to central and southern Tasmania, where it generally occupies sub-alpine habitats above 800 metres (2,600 ft) in altitude.[4][10][11]
Eucalyptus coccifera is endemic to Tasmania, and is the dominant species of many exposed, rocky, dolerite rich sub-alpine regions in Tasmania's south and Central Plateau.[4][5][11]
Eucalyptus flower buds generally take around a year to fully develop, however development takes longer in E. coccifera and other high altitude species. Insects and birds pollinate the emergent flowers, and fertilization can take up to 20 days after pollination. E. coccifera flowering typically occurs between November and February.[5] After fertilization, the hard woody capsule develops. Seeds are released through the capsule valves, which open when the capsule dries. This drying out is either caused by extreme heat and drought, or by fire. Dispersal of seed relies partially on wind, but mostly on gravity: the seeds will usually fall within a couple of metres of the parent tree.[5] E. coccifera is also known to regenerate from underground lignotubers after fire.[12]
The distribution of E. coccifera is limited by altitude: rarely will it be found lower than 800 metres (2,600 ft), or higher than 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level. Around 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) the tree line is often unclear, and E. coccifera can be found in small stands or even as solitary trees. At these altitudes, E. coccifera generally grows to heights below 10 metres (33 ft), often blending into the alpine shrubbery at the highest reaches of its distribution.[5][13] A strong correlation has been found between increasing altitude and declining stem growth rate in E. coccifera.[14]
At the lower range of its altitudinal cline, E. coccifera has been observed growing to 40 metres (130 ft) in height, but it is more commonly measured at around 20 metres (66 ft), especially in sheltered sites on the Central Plateau and in Mt. Field National Park.[11]
Whilst individual and population tree height is the primary change in Eucalyptus coccifera at higher altitudes, observational studies have shown that with increasing altitude, the degree of leaf and bud glaucousness intensifies.[5] This is most likely linked to the increased frost resistance of E. coccifera with increasing altitude.[12] The juvenile foliage of E. coccifera is also more likely to persist for longer at high altitude.[5]
The dominant bedrock underlying both the Mt. Field and Mt. Wellington sub-alpine habitats is Jurassic dolerite. Dolerite is also a feature of the geology of the Central Plateau. These dolerite-rich substrates provide sufficient drainage for the establishment of E. coccifera populations, which prefers well-drained soils. They also offer a potentially rich nutrient source to the sub-alpine plant communities, but the slow rate at which dolerite weathers results in soil of only moderate fertility.[10]
It is generally accepted that in Tasmania annual rainfall increases with altitude, and thus the most exposed E. coccifera populations must contend with high annual rainfall (greater than 1,300 mm [51 in] on Mt. Wellington, and around 2,500 mm [98 in] at Mt. Field).[10] Despite this, water availability can often be an issue for E. coccifera and other subalpine species. This is due to the sporadic nature of Tasmanian rainfall, and a number of other factors including soil type, slope and wind action.[10]
The rocky substrates of sub-alpine Mt. Field and Mt. Wellington drain very effectively, therefore waterlogging isn’t generally a problem. However, it has been shown that waterlogging is a limiting factor on the growth rate of E. coccifera and can, as a consequence, affect the success of the species in susceptible areas.[13][14]
Eucalyptus coccifera has a high tolerance to frost and to drought, allowing it to occupy very exposed substrates at high altitude. E. coccifera must contend with hot and dry temperatures during the peak of summer, as well as very cold, frosty conditions in winter.[10][11]
At 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) above sea level on Mt. Wellington, the mean maximum temperature in July is 1.9 °C (35.4 °F), and the mean minimum is −2.0 °C (28.4 °F). In January, the mean maximum is 12.8 °C (55 °F) and the mean minimum is 4.4 °C (39.9 °F).[14] There is a stronger maritime effect (oceanic climate) on Mt. Wellington, due to its closer proximity to the ocean, than at Mt. Field. This results in milder temperatures, especially in summer. Despite the increased exposure of sites at very high altitudes, solar radiation is not thought to markedly affect temperatures, nor does it have much impact on the growth rate of E. coccifera.[14]
Whilst E. coccifera is considered fairly frost-hardy, rare extreme frost events are thought to be one of the principle determinants of subalpine species distribution.[12] Similarly, the duration of snow lie dictates, to a large extent, the species that can persist in alpine/sub-alpine habitats. As snow lie in Tasmania is not permanent, woody species such as E. coccifera and its underlying shrub population can persist at higher altitudes.[10][15]
Another factor that can impact on the growth of E. coccifera is mist. Mist is generally more prevalent with increasing altitude, particularly in the colder months, and can affect the ability of eucalypts (and other plants) to photosynthesize by decreasing light penetration and increasing condensation on leaves.[10][14]
Table 1. Showing changes in eucalypt species with increasing altitude in Mt. Field National Park.[16]
The understorey of subalpine habitats is typically dominated by woody shrubs of the families Ericaceae (genera Richea, Epacris and Cyathodes) and Proteaceae (Orites acicularis, Orites revoluta).[10][11][16] Low-lying conifers of the Cupressaceae (Diselma archerii) and Podocarpaceae (Microachrys tetragona, Phaerosphaera hookeriana) are also common in these sclerophyllous heaths.[10][15][16]
At lower altitudes, other eucalypt species such as E. subcrenulata (Mt. Field), E. urnigera (Mt. Field and Mt. Wellington) and E. delegatensis (Mt. Field and Mt. Wellington) become increasingly common in E. coccifera woodland.[11]
Reid, J.B., Robert, S.H., Brown, M.J., & Hovenden, M.J. (editors) (1999). ‘Vegetation of Tasmania’, Australian Biological Resources Study.
{{cite journal}}: |first2= has generic name (help) Eucalyptus coccifera, commonly known as the Tasmanian snow gum, is a small to medium-sized tree endemic to Tasmania. It has smooth, grey and cream-coloured bark, elliptic to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between three and nine, usually white flowers and conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.
Adult leaves and capsules of E. coccifera
Eucalyptus coccifera Hook.f., el eucalipto de nieve de Tasmania (Tasmanian snow gum) o el menta piperita del Monte Wellington (Mount Wellington Peppermint), es un árbol nativo de Tasmania.[1]
Crece como un arbusto en las márgenes de las alpinas Tierras Altas de Tasmania.[2]
Crece en las áreas subalpinas de dolerita, la especie se hibrida con E. amygdalina y con Eucalyptus pauciflora[3]
Eucalyptus coccifera fue descrita por Joseph Dalton Hooker y publicado en London Journal of Botany 6: 477–478. 1847.[4]
Eucalyptus: nombre genérico que proviene del griego antiguo: eû = "bien, justamente" y kalyptós = "cubierto, que recubre". En Eucalyptus L'Hér., los pétalos, soldados entre sí y a veces también con los sépalos, forman parte del opérculo, perfectamente ajustado al hipanto, que se desprende a la hora de la floración.[5]
coccifera: epíteto latíno que significa "con bayas".[6]
Eucalyptus coccifera Hook.f., el eucalipto de nieve de Tasmania (Tasmanian snow gum) o el menta piperita del Monte Wellington (Mount Wellington Peppermint), es un árbol nativo de Tasmania.
Eucalyptus coccifera (Tasmanian snow gum «gommier des neiges tasmanien» ou Mount Wellington Peppermint) est une espèce d'arbres endémique de Tasmanie.
Il présente une forme arbustive à la marge des Massifs Centraux.
Il pousse dans les régions doléritiques subalpines. L'espèce s'hybride avec Eucalyptus amygdalina et E. pauciflora.
Eucalyptus coccifera (Tasmanian snow gum «gommier des neiges tasmanien» ou Mount Wellington Peppermint) est une espèce d'arbres endémique de Tasmanie.
Il présente une forme arbustive à la marge des Massifs Centraux.
Il pousse dans les régions doléritiques subalpines. L'espèce s'hybride avec Eucalyptus amygdalina et E. pauciflora.
Likopłodowy eukalyptowc (Eucalyptus coccifera) je štom ze swójby myrtowych rostlinow (Myrtaceae).
Likopłodowy eukalyptowc (Eucalyptus coccifera) je štom ze swójby myrtowych rostlinow (Myrtaceae).
Eucalyptus coccifera là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được Hook.f. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1847.[1]
Bài viết tông thực vật Eucalypteae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Eucalyptus coccifera là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được Hook.f. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1847.
Eucalyptus coccifera Hook.f.
Эвкалипт ягодный, или Эвкалипт ягодоносный (лат. Eucalyptus coccifera) — вечнозелёное дерево, вид рода Эвкалипт (Eucalyptus) семейства Миртовые (Myrtaceae).
В природе ареал охватывает Тасманию; встречается в альпийском поясе по всему острову, на высоте от 900 до 1200 м над уровнем моря, на бедных каменистых почвах.
Выдерживает кратковременное понижение температуры до -12… -10 °C без существенных повреждений. В Англии отдельные формы выдерживают морозы 15 и даже 17° при условии, если они растут на хорошо дренированной почве.
Растет медленно (в сравнении с другими видами); в Батуми на краснозёмах за 35 лет достиг лишь 7—9 м выс.
Дерево высотой до 12 м, с гладкой, серой корой. Побеги красно-коричневые или сизоватые, с железистыми щетинками.
Молодые листья супротивные, сидячие или стеблеобъемлющие, в большом количестве пар, широко сердцевидные или эллиптические, остроконечные, тонкие, бледно-зелёные или сизые, длиной 2,5—4,5 см, шириной 1,5—3,5 см. Промежуточные листья очерёдные, черешковые, ланцетные, остроконечные или заостренные, сизоватые. Взрослые — очерёдные, сизые, черешковые, ланцетные, крючковидные, толстые, длиной 5—6 см, шириной 1,5—2 см.
Зонтики пазушные, 3—6-цветковые; ножка зонтика сжатая, часто трёхгранная или почти цилиндрическая, сизая, длиной 5—10 мм; бутоны сидячие, булавовидные, длиной 8—10 мм, диаметром 5—6 мм, угловатые или с заметными рёбрышками, сизые; крышечка прижатая, вогнутая, в 2—3 раза короче трубки цветоложа; пыльники сросшиеся, почковидные.
Плоды сидячие или на коротких ножках, шаровидные, полушаровидные или широко кубарчатые, длиной 8—9 мм, диаметром 10—12 мм, гладкие с двумя рёбрышками, сизые; диск плоский или выпуклый, шириной 3—4 мм, створки маленькие, обычно вдавленные.
На родине цветёт в январе, иногда в июле; на Черноморском побережье Кавказа — в мае.
Древесина светлая.
Листья содержат эфирное эвкалиптовое масло (0,61 %), состоящее из фелландрена, цинеола, эвдесмола, пиперитона и сесквитерпенов.
В рамках виды выделяют несколько разновидностей[2]:
Вид Эвкалипт ягодный входит в род Эвкалипт (Eucalyptus) подсемейства Миртовые (Myrtoideae) семейства Миртовые (Myrtaceae) порядка Миртоцветные (Myrtales).
Эвкалипт ягодный, или Эвкалипт ягодоносный (лат. Eucalyptus coccifera) — вечнозелёное дерево, вид рода Эвкалипт (Eucalyptus) семейства Миртовые (Myrtaceae).
