dcsimg

Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Spinitectus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Gnathostoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diagnostic Description ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Head broad, snout depressed. Body elongate, strongly compressed. Mouth very deeply cleft, its corner reaching far behind eyes. Teeth in jaws set in wide bands; vomerine teeth in two small patches. Barbels two pairs; maxillary barbels extending to anterior margin posterior of anal fin, mandibulary barbels to angle of mouth. Eyes small, with a free orbital margin. Dorsal fin small, anal fin very long (Ref. 4792). Mandibular barbel longer than pelvic fin; 24-30 gill rakers on the first arch (Ref. 12693). Eye in front of vertical through corner of mouth (Ref. 43281).
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Armi G. Torres
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Isoparorchis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Genarchopsis Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Procamallanus Infection 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Goezia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome. Viral diseases
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Allan Palacio
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Migration ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Morphology ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Dorsal soft rays (total): 5; Analsoft rays: 77 - 97
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Trophic Strategy ( englanti )

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Found in large rivers, lakes and tanks. A large, voracious and predatory catfish which thrives in heels with grassy margin (Ref. 6028); mostly hides under holes in river banks and canals (Ref. 44149). Associated with deep, still or slow-flowing water with a mud or silt substrate (Ref. 6028). Sluggish and stays on muddy or silty bottom in search of food. Juveniles feed mainly on insects; adults feed on smaller fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Abundant during the warm season; a pre-monsoon summer breeder. In the Mekong, it is reported to migrate to smaller streams, canals and to the floodplain during the flood season (Ref. 37770). When the water level in the Mekong drops and the flood recedes, it moves to the Mekong or larger tributaries, where it stays in deep pools until the next inundation period (Ref. 37770). Destructive to other more valuable food-fishes. Bites strongly if handled, with its huge mouth, formidable jaws, and band of conical teeth.
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Biology ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
Found in large rivers, lakes and tanks. A large, voracious and predatory catfish which thrives in heels with grassy margin (Ref. 6028); mostly hides under holes in river banks and canals (Ref. 44149). Associated with deep, still or slow-flowing water with a mud or silt substrate (Ref. 6028). Sluggish and stays on muddy or silty bottom in search of food. Juveniles feed mainly on insects; adults feed on smaller fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Oviparous, distinct pairing possibly like other members of the same family (Ref. 205). Abundant during the warm season; a pre-monsoon summer breeder. In the Mekong, it is reported to migrate to smaller streams, canals and to the floodplain during the flood season (Ref. 37770). When the water level in the Mekong drops and the flood recedes, it moves to the Mekong or larger tributaries, where it stays in deep pools until the next inundation period (Ref. 37770). Destructive to other more valuable food-fishes. Bites strongly if handled, with its huge mouth, formidable jaws, and band of conical teeth. Threatened due to over harvesting (Ref. 58490).
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Importance ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Wallago attu ( valencia )

tarjonnut wikipedia CA
 src=
Gravat de 1897

Wallago attu és una espècie de peix de la família dels silúrids i de l'ordre dels siluriformes.

Morfologia

Reproducció

És ovípar.[7]

Hàbitat

És un peix demersal i de clima tropical (22°C-25°C).[6][8]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Àsia: des de l'Afganistan[9] i el Pakistan[10] fins al Vietnam i Indonèsia.[6][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][5][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]

Referències

  1. uBio (anglès)
  2. Bleeker P., 1851. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwatervisschen. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 1. 259-275.
  3. BioLib (anglès)
  4. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
  5. 5,0 5,1 Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p.
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 FishBase (anglès)
  7. Breder, C.M. i D.E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units). 941 p.
  8. Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1985. Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Alemanya. 1216 p.
  9. Coad, B.W., 1981. Fishes of Afghanistan, an annotated check-list. Publ. Zool. Natl. Mus. Can. 14:23p.
  10. Ahmad, M.F. i M.S. Niazi, 1988. Important edible fishes of Pakistan. Zoological Survey Department, Government of Pakistan. 31 p.
  11. Archarya, P. i M.B. Iftekhar, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofauna of Maharashtra State. p.136-144. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
  12. Arunachalam, M., J.A. Johnson i A. Manimekalan, 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes in rivers of Wynard district, Kerala. p. 240-243. A: A.G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1,347 p.
  13. Bhat, A., 2000. Fish germplasm inventory of Sharavati, Aghanashini, Bedti and Kali rivers, Uttara Kannada. p. 148-151. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1,347 p.
  14. Chandrashekhariah, H.N., M.F. Rahman i S. Lakshmi Raghavan, 2000. Status of fish fauna in Karnataka. p. 98-135. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
  15. Dahanukar, N., R. Raut i A. Bhat, 2004. Distribution, endemism and threat status of freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats of India. J. Biogeogr 31: 123-136.
  16. Gopi, K.C., 2000. Freshwater fishes of Kerala State. p. 56-76. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
  17. Goswami, P.K. i M. Devaraj, 1992. Breeding, age and growth of the freshwater shark Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider) from the Dhir beel of the Brahmaputra basin, Assam, India. J. Indian Fish. Ass. 22:13-20.
  18. Goswami, P.K. i M. Devaraj, 1996. Estimated mortalities and potential yield of freshwater shark (Wallago attu) from the 'Dhir beel' (riverine floodplain lake) ecosystem of the Brahmaputra basin, Assam, India. Indian J. Fish. 43(2):127-136.
  19. Hill, M.T. i S.A. Hill, 1994. Fisheries ecology and hydropower in the lower Mekong River: an evaluation of run-of-the-river projects. Mekong Secretariat, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 106 p.
  20. Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia.775 p.
  21. Khin, U., 1948. Fisheries in Burma. Supdt. Govt. Printing and Stationery, Rangoon, Burma. 186 p.
  22. Kottelat, M., 1985. Fresh-water fishes of Kampuchea. Hydrobiologia 121:249-279.
  23. Menon, A.G.K., 1999 Check list - fresh water fishes of India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Publ., Occas. Pap. Núm. 175, 366 p.
  24. Mirza, M.R., 2002. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
  25. Mirza, M.R., 2003. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. (3): 1-30.
  26. Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
  27. Nath, P. i S.C. Dey, 1989. Fish and fisheries of North East India. Arunachal Pradesh Vol. 1, 1-143p.
  28. Rao, K.V.R., 1995. Pisces. p. 483-506. A: Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. India. 673 p.
  29. Rema Devi, K. i T.J. Indra, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofaunal resources of Tamil Nadu. p. 77-97. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
  30. Shaji, C.P., P.S. Easa i A. Gopalakrishnan, 2000. Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats. p. 33-35. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
  31. Shrestha, T.K., 1990. Resource ecology of the Himalayan waters. Curriculum Development Centre, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. 645 p.
  32. Shrestha, J., 1994. Fishes, fishing implements and methods of Nepal. Smt. M.D. Gupta, Lalitpur Colony, Lashkar (Gwalior), Índia. 150 p.
  33. Taki, Y., 1974. Fishes of the Lao Mekong Basin. United States Agency for International Development Mission to Laos Agriculture Division. 231 p.
  34. Taki, Y., 1978. An analytical study of the fish fauna of the Mekong basin as a biological production system in nature. Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology Special Publications núm. 1, 77 p. Tòquio, Japó.
  35. Talwar, P.K. i A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volum 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.


Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Americà d'Història Natural. Museu Americà d'Història Natural, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192 (Estats Units).
  • Burgess, W.E. 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City (Estats Units). 784 p.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Ferraris, Carl J.: Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa, 1418. 8 de març del 2007. ISBN 978-1-86977-058-7. PDF (anglès)
  • Gopakumar, K. (ed.), 1997. Biochemical composition of Indian food fish. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Índia. 44 p.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Hora, S. L., 1936: Siluroid fishes of India, Burma and Ceylon. II. Fishes of the genus Akysis Bleeker. III. Fishes of the genus Olyra McClelland. IV. On the use of the generic name Wallago Bleeker. V. Fishes of the genus Heteropneustes Müller. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 38 (pt 2): 199-209.
  • Leggatt, R.A. i G.K. Iwama, 2003. Occurrence of polyploidy in the fishes. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 13:237-246.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Myers, G. S., 1938: Notes on Ansorgia, Clarisilurus, Wallago, and Ceratoglanis, four genera of African and Indo-Malayan catfishes. Copeia 1938 (núm. 2): 98.
  • Myers, G. S., 1948: Note on two generic names of Indo-Malayan silurid fishes, Wallago and Wallagonia. Proceedings of the California Zoological Club v. 1 (núm. 4): 19-20.
  • Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p.
  • Poeu, O. i P. Dubeau, 2004. Value of floodplain fisheries in Kompong Traolach district, Kompong Chhnang province. p. 32-36. A: M. Torell, A. Salamanca and B. Ratner (eds.) Wetlands management in Cambodia: socioeconomic, ecological and policy perspectives. WorldFish Technical Report 64, 55 p.
  • Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
  • Rishi, K.K. i J. Singh, 1983. Chromosomal analysis of the Indian silurid, Wallago attu (Schneider)(Family: Siluridae). Chromosome Inf. Serv. 34:10-11.
  • Roberts, T. R., 1982: Systematics and geographical distribution of the Asian silurid catfish genus Wallago, with a key to the species. Copeia 1982 (núm. 4): 890-894.
  • Sharma, O.P. i N.K. Tripathi, 1984. Somatic chromosome anaylsis of Wallago attu, a siluroid fish from Jammu (J&K), India Persp. In Cyt. & Genet. 4:437-439.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


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Wallago attu: Brief Summary ( valencia )

tarjonnut wikipedia CA
 src= Gravat de 1897

Wallago attu és una espècie de peix de la família dels silúrids i de l'ordre dels siluriformes.

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Gemeiner Hubschrauberwels ( saksa )

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Gemeiner Hubschrauberwels, gefangen in Kerala

Der Gemeine Hubschrauberwels (Wallago attu) ist eine Fischart aus der Familie der Echten Welse (Siluridae). Er kommt in Seen und Flüssen von Pakistan bis Vietnam und Indonesien von etwa 38° nördlicher bis 10° südlicher Breite vor. Die Art wird kommerziell und von Sportanglern befischt und gilt als durch Überfischung bedroht.

Merkmale

Gemeine Hubschrauberwelse haben einen langgestreckten Körper mit breitem Kopf und stark zusammengedrückter Schnauze. Sie sind oberseits graubraun mit helleren Seiten und meist weißem Bauch. Sie erreichen eine Länge von bis zu 2,4 Metern und ein Gewicht bis 100 Kilogramm. Die Augen sind klein. Das Maul ist groß mit Winkeln, die weit hinter das Auge reichen, und enthält Bänder mit zahlreichen, kegelförmigen Zähnen, sowie zwei Gruppen Zähne am Pflugscharbein. Am Oberkiefer sitzt ein Paar langer Barteln, die bis zum Ansatz der Afterflosse reichen. Die Barteln des Paars am Unterkiefer reichen bis etwa zum Winkel des Mauls. Die Rückenflosse weist vier bis sechs Strahlen auf, die sehr lange Afterflosse 77 bis 97. Die kleinen Brustflossen haben einen Hartstrahl und 12 bis 15 Weichstrahlen. Die Kiemen weisen 24 bis 30 Kiemenreusendornen und 18 bis 21 Branchiostegalstrahlen auf.

Lebensweise

Die Tiere besiedeln große, ruhige bis langsam fließende Gewässer mit sandigem bis schlammigem Untergrund und können auch ins Brackwasser vordringen. Sie verstecken sich meist in Höhlungen am Ufer und halten sich bei der Nahrungssuche vorwiegend am Gewässerboden auf. Jungtiere ernähren sich vorwiegend von Zooplankton und Insekten, während ältere Tiere Krebse, Weichtiere und kleinere Fische fressen. Vom Menschen bedroht, wehren sie sich durch kräftige Bisse.

Die Laichzeit liegt im Sommer vor dem Monsun. Im Mekong wandern die Tiere während der Überschwemmungszeit in kleinere Flüsse und ins überflutete Gebiet ein und kehren mit sinkendem Wasserstand in tieferes Wasser zurück.

Systematik

Bloch & Schneider beschrieben die Art 1801 als Silurus attu und bildeten sie auf Tafel 75 ihrer Systema Ichthyologiae mit einem sehr präzisen Kupferstich ab. Der Holotypus beziehungsweise das getrocknete Hautpräparat ist im Zoologischen Museum Berlin unter der Katalognummer 8793 katalogisiert, aber derzeit verschollen.

Quellen

  • Martin Hochleithner: Welse (Siluridae) - Biologie und Aquakultur. Aqua tech Publications, Kitzbühel 2006, ISBN 3-9500968-7-6, S. 76–77.
  • Bloch, M. E., & J. G. Schneider (1801): Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: 387, pl. 75.
  • Gemeiner Hubschrauberwels auf Fishbase.org (englisch)

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Gemeiner Hubschrauberwels: Brief Summary ( saksa )

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 src= Gemeiner Hubschrauberwels, gefangen in Kerala

Der Gemeine Hubschrauberwels (Wallago attu) ist eine Fischart aus der Familie der Echten Welse (Siluridae). Er kommt in Seen und Flüssen von Pakistan bis Vietnam und Indonesien von etwa 38° nördlicher bis 10° südlicher Breite vor. Die Art wird kommerziell und von Sportanglern befischt und gilt als durch Überfischung bedroht.

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ငါးပတ် ( burma )

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ငါးပတ်

ငါးပတ်(Walagoni Aattu)

ငါးပတ်သည် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ပင်လယ်ကမ်းရိုးတန်း၌၎င်း၊ မြစ်၊ ချောင်း၊ အင်း၊ အိုင်များ၌၎င်း ကျက်စားသည့် အသားစား ငါးမျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။ ပါဏဗေဒအရ 'ဝေါလာဂိုးနီးယားအတ္တူ'ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ အသားစားကြူးလှသဖြင့် ငါးပတ်ကို ငါးမန်းနှင့်နှိုင်း၍ 'ရေချိုငါးမန်း'ဟု ခေါ်ကြသည်။ ငါးပတ်ကိုယ်သည် ရှည်၍ ပြား၏။ ကျောသည် တစ်ဖြောင့်တည်းရှိ၍ နှာတံမှာ ရှည်၏။ ပါးစပ်ပေါက်ကျယ်၍ အောက်မေးသည် ရှေ့သို့ အနည်းငယ်ငေါထွက်နေ၏။ နှုတ်ခမ်းမွေးလေးပင်ပါရာ အထက် နှစ်ပင်သည် အောက်နှစ်အပင်ထက်ပို၍ ရှည်၏။ တစ်ခုတည်း ရှိသော ကျောဆူးတောင်သည် ရှေ့ကျကျပေါက်၍ ယင်း၌ ဆူးရိုးမပါချေ။ စအိုဆူးတောင်သည် အလွန်ရှည်ပြီး၊ အမြီးရင်း နားတွင် အဆုံးသတ်သည်။ အမြီးထိပ် ၂ ခုမှာ ဝိုင်းနေသည်။ ငါးပတ်၏ အရောင်မှာ နှာထိပ်မှ အမြီးတိုင် အောင် ကျောရိုးတစ်လျှောက်တွင် မွဲပြာရင့်ရောင်ဖြစ်၍ အောက် ပိုင်းတွင်မူ အရောင်အနည်းငယ်ဖျော့သွားသည်။ ငါးပတ်၏ ကိုယ်အရှည်သည် ၆ ပေအထိ ရှိသည်။ ငါးပတ်ကို ဟင်းလျာ အဖြစ် စားသုံးကြသည့်အပြင် ငါးပိလုပ်ရန်လည်း အသုံးချကြသည်။ [၁]

ကိုးကား

  1. မြန်မာ့စွယ်စုံကျမ်း၊ အတွဲ(၃)
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ငါးပတ်: Brief Summary ( burma )

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बुआरी ( Maithili )

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बुआरी (अङ्ग्रेजी: Wallago Attu) दक्षिण एसियादक्षिण पूर्व एसियाक साफ पानिमे रहऽ वला सिलुरिडे परिवारक हड्डीदार माछ छी। सामान्यतया ई माछकें अङ्ग्रेजीमे हेलिकप्टर क्याटफिसवालागू क्याटफिस कहल जाएत अछि। बुआरी माछ प्राय पैघ नदी आ तलाउसभमे भेटैत अछि। मुख्य रुप सँ ई माछक वितरण भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमेदक्षिणपूर्व एसियामे अछि। ई माछ १ मी (३ फिट ३ इन्च) धरि लम्बा होएत अछि।[२]

वितरण

अन्य भाषामे

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीसभ

  1. Ng, H.H. (२०१०), "Wallago attu", The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) 2010: e.T१६६४६८A६२१५७३१, डिओआई:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166468A6215731.en, अभिगमन तिथि १५ जनवरी २०१८
  2. Roberts, T.R. (2014): Wallago Bleeker, 1851 and Wallagonia Myers, 1938 (Ostariophysi, Siluridae), Distinct Genera of Tropical Asian Catfishes, with Description of †Wallago maemohensis from the Miocene of Thailand. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 55 (1): 35-47.

बाह्य जडीसभ

एहो सभ देखी

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Wallago attu ( englanti )

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Wallago attu is a freshwater catfish of the family Siluridae, native to South and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as helicopter catfish or wallago catfish. It has known by various names in different regions and languages, such as Borali (বৰালি) in Assamese , Tamil ஆத்துவாளை (Aaththu vaalai), Manipuri Sareng,Mizo:Thaichhawninu, the Odisha Balia (ବାଳିଆ), the Bengal Boal, the Sylheti Gual or the Malaysian and Indonesian Tapah are also occasionally used in English. W. attu is found in large rivers and lakes in two geographically disconnected regions (disjunct distribution), with one population living over much of the Indian Subcontinent and the other in parts of Southeast Asia. The species can reach a maximum length of 2 m (6 ft 7 in).[2]

It shares parts of its native range with the externally similar, but much larger Wallagonia leerii, and is subsequently often confused for it. It can, however, be differentiated by its relatively long and narrower head, as well as its dorsal fin, which is high and sharp, opposed to that of W. leerii, which is lower and rounded. Additionally, the eyes of W. attu lie above the mouth of the fish, whilst they lie on the same level as the mouth in W. leerii.

This catfish is one of the fish species that has been used as food in Southeast Asia since ancient times.[3]

Confusion with other catfishes

Wallago attu From Kerala, India

In many areas, Wallago attu is found alongside the externally similar and related catfish species Wallagonia leerii. In Indonesia and Malaysia, both species are referred to as ikan tapah, and in English, both are sometimes called helicopter catfish. Popular accounts such as media reports, claims by fishermen, or local folklore stories, and even scientific publications, often confuse the two or are altogether unaware of the difference. Therefore, claims exist that Wallago attu reaches lengths of more than 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) and weights of more than 45 kg (99 lb).[4] Biologists, however, are firm that it does not grow beyond a length of roughly 1 m (3 ft 3 in).[2] The current rod-and-reel angling record for a Wallago attu caught in the wild and authenticated by the International Game Fish Association is a specimen of 18 kg (40 lb) from the Vajiralongkorn dam reservoir in Thailand, while some specialized recreational catch-and-release breeding ponds in the region claim to harbour specimens in the 20–30 kg (44–66 lb) range.[5][6] It is thus assumed that reports about specimens even larger than that actually refer to Wallagonia leerii, which can grow to twice the length and several times the weight of Wallago attu.

Distribution

Wallago attu (Boal) from Kolkata, India

Wallago attu lives through large parts of South and Southeast Asia. Its range, however, seems discontiguous with a significant gap between the population inhabiting the Indian subcontinent and the one found across mainland and insular Southeast Asia. W. attu thus stands as an example for a species with a disjunct distribution.[2]

On the Indian subcontinent, its range includes all the major rivers of India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh, such as the Ganges, Indus, Narmada, Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi as well as the island of Sri Lanka. To the Northwest, its range extends beyond Pakistan into Iran and Afghanistan. To the East, it can be found as far as the Irrawaddy river basin in Myanmar.[2][7][8][9][10][11]

The second population occurs in Southeast Asia and encompasses Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. Here it inhabits the Mae Klong, Chao Phraya and Mekong drainages, as well as those of the Malayan peninsula and the islands of Java and Sumatra. It is absent from Borneo, which ichthyologist Tyson R. Roberts considers "surprising".[2]

The gap between the two populations is largely formed by the Salween and Tenasserim river drainages in Burma, where W. attu is not found. The reasons for this disjunct distribution are unknown.[2]

Biology and ecology

Younger individual resting upon a corrugated piece of paper

As a large, predatory fish, W. attu maintains a largely piscivorous diet. Gut content analysis performed on specimens from the Godavari river in India shows that about 90 to 95% of the consumed food consisted of animal matter. Among the prey fishes most commonly found in the stomachs of Godavari river W. attu are razorbelly minnows (Salmophasia phulo), ticto barbs (Pethia ticto) and perchlets (Chanda nama), all of which are small species that reach maximum lengths of about 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in).[7]

Possible species splitting

The vast and disjunct distribution of W. attu has led to the assumption that it might in fact not be a single species. A preliminary bone-by-bone comparison of W. attu specimens from Southeast Asia and South Asia showed significant differences in their skeletal structure. It is thus assumed that pending further research W. attu may possibly be split into two or more species within the Wallago genus in the future.[2]

Regional names

Cultural references

According to Malaysian folklore, the descendant of a person called Tok Kaduk cannot eat and touch the fish because the legend says that a long time ago, Tok Kaduk caught this tapah. When he cut open its stomach, there was gold inside the fish so Tok Kaduk took the gold, stitched up the fish, and released it back into the river. From that time, if the descendant came in touch with the fish, their skin would become red and itchy until they went to Kg Tua, Lambor Kanan near Bota in Perak Tengah District of Perak, Malaysia to find the medicine. The medicine is the remaining gold from the fish, which has been kept to make the cure for the disease. Some say that the gold needs to be soaked in water and consumed by the patient as well as washing the areas that itch. Other stories have told that the sareng will devour the carcass of humans that have been buried in the water, and it will take the human's soul to the gods.[13]

The Malaysian town of Tapah and different tropical storms named Tapah have been named after this fish (or the identically named Wallagonia leerii).

References

  1. ^ Ng, H.H.; de Alwis Goonatilake, S.; Fernado, M.; Kotagama, O. (2019). "Wallago attu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T166468A174784999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T166468A174784999.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Roberts, T.R. (2014): Wallago Bleeker, 1851 and Wallagonia Myers, 1938 (Ostariophysi, Siluridae), Distinct Genera of Tropical Asian Catfishes, with Description of †Wallago maemohensis from the Miocene of Thailand. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 55 (1): 35-47.
  3. ^ Charles Higham, A. Kijnga ed. The Origins of the Civilization of Angkor: Volume VI The Iron Age. page 43. IV 'The Fish Remains'
  4. ^ Sareng catfish aka Wallago Attu – Profile & Photos, Tankterrors.com. Retrieved on 03 July 2016.
  5. ^ "IGFA Online World Record Search, Wallago attu", International Game Fish Association. Retrieved on 03 July 2016.
  6. ^ "Current, Pending, and Catches Above the Current IGFA All Tackle World Records in Order of Size", Palm Tree Lagoon Fishing Park & Restaurant. Retrieved on 03 July 2016.
  7. ^ a b Babare R. S., Chavan S.P., Kannewad P. M. (2013): Gut Content Analysis of Wallago attu and Mystus (Sperata) seenghala, the common Catfishes from Godavari River System in Maharastra State. Advances in Bioresearch, 4 (2): pg. 123-128.
  8. ^ Singh Tarun Kumar, Guru Bhikari Charan, Swain Saroj Kumar (2013): Review of the Research on the Fish Diversity in the River Mahanadi and Identifying the Probable Potential Ornamental Fishes among them with reference to Threats and Conservation Measures. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 1 (3), pg. 16-24.
  9. ^ Suresh M. Kumbar, Swapnali B. Lad (2014): Diversity, threats and conservation of catfish fauna of the Krishna River, Sangli District, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6 (1).
  10. ^ K. Sankaran Unni (1996): Ecology of River Narmada. New Delhi: S.B. Nangia, pg. 289.
  11. ^ Brian W. Coad (2015): Native fish biodiversity in Afghanistan. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 2 (4), pg. 227-234.
  12. ^ "Bioinformatics Centre, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India". Archived from the original on 2016-11-30.
  13. ^ http://www.suaraperak.com/tidak-boleh-makan-ikan-tapah-bukan-sekadar-mitos/ (in malay)

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Wallago attu: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Wallago attu is a freshwater catfish of the family Siluridae, native to South and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as helicopter catfish or wallago catfish. It has known by various names in different regions and languages, such as Borali (বৰালি) in Assamese , Tamil ஆத்துவாளை (Aaththu vaalai), Manipuri Sareng,Mizo:Thaichhawninu, the Odisha Balia (ବାଳିଆ), the Bengal Boal, the Sylheti Gual or the Malaysian and Indonesian Tapah are also occasionally used in English. W. attu is found in large rivers and lakes in two geographically disconnected regions (disjunct distribution), with one population living over much of the Indian Subcontinent and the other in parts of Southeast Asia. The species can reach a maximum length of 2 m (6 ft 7 in).

It shares parts of its native range with the externally similar, but much larger Wallagonia leerii, and is subsequently often confused for it. It can, however, be differentiated by its relatively long and narrower head, as well as its dorsal fin, which is high and sharp, opposed to that of W. leerii, which is lower and rounded. Additionally, the eyes of W. attu lie above the mouth of the fish, whilst they lie on the same level as the mouth in W. leerii.

This catfish is one of the fish species that has been used as food in Southeast Asia since ancient times.

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Wallago attu ( kastilia )

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Wallago attu es una especie de peces de la familia Siluridae en el orden de los Siluriformes.

Morfología

• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 240 cm de longitud total.[1][2]

Reproducción

Es ovíparo.

Hábitat

Es un pez demersal y de clima tropical en la India este es un dios que transporta las almas de los muertos a los Dioses para ser reencarnados

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentran en Asia: desde el Afganistán hasta el Vietnam e Indonesia.

Referencias

  1. Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p.
  2. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

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Wallago attu: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Wallago attu es una especie de peces de la familia Siluridae en el orden de los Siluriformes.

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Wallago attu ( baski )

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Wallago attu Wallago generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Siluridae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Wallago attu FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Wallago attu: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Wallago attu Wallago generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Siluridae familian sailkatzen da.

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Wallago attu ( Italia )

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Wallago attu Bloch & Schneider, 1801 è un pesce della famiglia Siluridae. Esso viene comunemente chiamato pesce gatto wallago o squalo d'acqua dolce.

Descrizione

Wallago attu (1).jpg

Wallago attu misura in media 1 m, ed ha un indice di crescita rapido che gli consente di arrivare alla lunghezza di 2,4 m[2][3]. Possiede una larga bocca in posizione terminale, munita di un gran numero di piccoli denti sia sulla mandibola che sulla mascella. Sula mascella sono posti due lunghi barbigli, e ne possiede altri due a metà della mandibola, più corti. i suoi occhi sono piccoli e il corpo è fortemente compresso lateralmente. la sua pinna anale è molto lunga, come nella maggior parte dei siluridi, e ha dai 77 ai 97 raggi molli. la pinna dorsale è invece molto corta e possiede solamente 5 raggi, anch'essi molli[2].

Come tra tutti i pesci gatto, l'olfatto di W. attu è ben sviluppato. Le sue rosette olfattive sono costituite da circa 64 lamelle, composte da due strati di epitelio sensoriale. In questi pesci l'epitelio sensoriale delle rosette contiene un gran numero di cellule, tra le quali molte cellule sensoriali. Grazie a queste cellule, le rosette dell'animale sono molto sensibili agli odori presenti nell'acqua, una caratteristica importante per un cacciatore che vive in acque torbide e profonde[4].

Biologia

Riproduzione

È una specie ovipara, che si riproduce durante il periodo caldo[2].

Alimentazione

Allo stadio larvale, il w.attu si nutre di Zooplancton e insetti, ma è stato possibile studiare in laboratorio episodi di cannibalismo, che avvengono solo in questa fase della vita[2][5].

Allo stadio adulto, si nutre per il 90-95% di pesci (e, in minor quantità, di altri animali, come molluschi e crostacei[2]), percentuale che aumenta con le dimensioni dell'animale. Essi sono cacciatori attivi, e mangiano soprattutto prede vive, come i pesci Pethia ticto e Chela phulo[6].

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie abita i fiumi, i canali e i laghi del sud e sud-est del continente Asiatico, dal Pakistan all'Indonesia. Può vivere sia in acqua dolce che salmastra. È una specie demersale, perciò vive a contatto con il fondo, in acque calme e a corso lento, con fondali di fango o limo. Nel fiume Mekong, è solito compiere degli spostamenti stagionali: durante la stagione delle inondazioni si sposta dal corso principale del fiume verso pianure alluvionali e piccoli canali, per poi ritornarvi con il ritirarsi delle acque[2].

Conservazione

La Lista rossa IUCN classifica Wallago attu come specie vulnerabile.[1] È minacciata da inquinamento delle acque, distruzione dell'habitat, sovra-sfruttamento dell'habitat e pesca indiscriminata[7].

È stato osservato un aumento dell'accumulo di metalli pesanti in alcuni apparati dei pesci di vari corsi d'acqua, tra i quali l'Indo[8].

Curiosità

All'interno dell'intestino di W. attu è stata trovata una specie, prima sconosciuta, di cestoda del genere Gangesia[9].

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Ng, H.H., de Alwis Goonatilake, S., Fernado, M. & Kotagama, O. 2019, Wallago attu, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 9/6/2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f wallago attu, su fishbase.se.
  3. ^ Muhammad Yousaf, Effect of body size on elemental concentration in wild Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider) from southern Punjab, Pakistan, in AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, n. 7, 24 gennaio 2012, DOI:10.5897/ajb11.722. URL consultato il 3 giugno 2020.
  4. ^ Saroj Kumar Ghosh e Padmanabha Chakrabarti, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 9, n. 2, 2009, DOI:10.4194/trjfas.2009.0210, http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2009.0210 Titolo mancante per url url (aiuto). URL consultato il 4 giugno 2020.
  5. ^ S.S Giri, S.K Sahoo e B.B Sahu, Larval survival and growth in Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider): effects of light, photoperiod and feeding regimes, in Aquaculture, vol. 213, n. 1-4, 2002-10, pp. 151–161, DOI:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00012-1. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2020.
  6. ^ V. S. Bhatt, S. G. Dalal e S. A. H. Abidi, Fecundity of the freshwater catfishes mystus seenghala (sykes), mystus cavasius (ham), wallagonia attu (bloch) and heteropneustes fossilis (bloch) from the plains of Northern India, in Hydrobiologia, vol. 54, n. 3, 1977-06, DOI:10.1007/bf00014288. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2020.
  7. ^ Md. Yeamin Hossain, Zoarder Faruque Ahmed e Jun Ohtomi, Threatened fishes of the world: Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Siluriformes: Siluridae), in Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol. 82, n. 3, 21 agosto 2007, pp. 277–278, DOI:10.1007/s10641-007-9281-y. URL consultato il 3 giugno 2020.
  8. ^ K.A. Al-Ghanim, Shahid Mahboob e Sadia Seemab, Monitoring of trace metals in tissues of Wallago attu (lanchi) from the Indus River as an indicator of environmental pollution, in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 23, n. 1, 2016-01, pp. 72–78, DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.012. URL consultato il 3 giugno 2020.
  9. ^ Deepika Jasrotia e Harpreet Kaur, Molecular analysis of a novel species, Gangesia punjabensis (Family: Proteocephalidae, Subfamily: Gangesiinae) infecting an Indian freshwater cat fish, Wallago attu evidencing species complex, in Journal of Parasitic Diseases, vol. 41, n. 3, 29 marzo 2017, pp. 888–898, DOI:10.1007/s12639-017-0912-8. URL consultato il 3 giugno 2020.

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Wallago attu: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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Wallago attu Bloch & Schneider, 1801 è un pesce della famiglia Siluridae. Esso viene comunemente chiamato pesce gatto wallago o squalo d'acqua dolce.

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Ikan Tapah ( Malaiji )

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Ikan Tapah ialah satu spesies ikan duri air tawar dalam famili Siluridae yang terdapat di bahagian selatan Asia dari Pakistan ke Vietnam, Malaysia, dan Indonesia. Ikan ini juga dilaporkan terdapat di Afghanistan. Bandar Tapah di Perak, Malaysia, dinamai sempena ikan ini.


Taburan dan biologi

Ikan Tapah hidup di sungai dan tasik yang besar, dengan dasar sungai yang berlumpur dan air yang mengalir dengan perlahan. Ikan ini amat lembap dan biasa menyembunyikan diri di dalam lubang-lubang yang terdapat di tebing sungai dan terusan atau mengekalkan diri di dasar sungai untuk mencari makanan.

Ikan Tapah adalah pemangsa yang kuat makan. Makanan untuk ikan dewasa termasuk ikan yang lebih kecil, krustasia, dan moluska, manakala anak ikan biasanya makan serangga. Oleh itu, ikan ini adalah ikan perosak, khususnya terhadap ikan-ikan lain yang lebih bernilai.

Ikan Tapah membiak pada musim panas sebelum musim hujan. Oleh itu, banyak ikan duri ini boleh ditemukan pada musim panas.

Morfologi

Badan Ikan Tapah panjang dan amat padat. Ikan ini boleh membesar sehingga 2.4 meter (8 kaki) panjang. Kepalanya lebar, dengan mulut yang besar dan melekuk. Sudut-sudut mulutnya menjangkau ke belakang matanya. Gigi ikan ini amat tajam dan boleh menggigit manusia. Matanya kecil sahaja, dengan tepi di sekelilingnya. Ikan Tapah mempunyai dua pasang duri, dengan sirip dorsal yang kecil dan sirip belakang yang amat panjang.

Rujukan budaya

Menurut beberapa cerita rakyat di Malaysia, keturunan seseorang yang dipanggil Tok Kaduk tidak boleh makan dan menyentuh ikan kerana legenda itu mengatakan bahwa lama dahulu Tok Kaduk menangkap Tapah ini dan ketika ia memotong perutnya, ada emas di dalam ikan sehingga Tok Kaduk mengambil emas dan menjahit ikan itu dan melepaskannya kembali ke sungai. Dari masa itu, jika keturunannya berhubung dengan ikan, kulit mereka menjadi merah dan gatal sehingga mereka pergi ke Kg Tua, Lambor Kanan berhampiran Bota di Daerah Tengah Perak, Malaysia untuk mencari ubat. Perubatan adalah baki emas dari ikan yang telah disimpan untuk membuat ubat untuk penyakit ini. Ada yang mengatakan bahawa emas perlu direndam di dalam air dan perlu dimakan oleh pesakit dan mencuci kawasan yang gatal. Cerita-cerita lain telah mengatakan bahawa Sareng akan memakan bangkai manusia yang telah dikebumikan di dalam air, dan ia akan membawa jiwa manusia kepada tuhan-tuhan.[1]


Pekan Tapah di Malaysia dan ribut tropika yang berbeza yang dinamakan Tapah telah dinamakan sempena ikan ini (atau yang bernama Wallagonia leerii).

Rujukan

  • ^ http://www.suaraperak.com/tidak-boleh-makan-ikan-tapah-bukan-sekadar-mitos/ (in malay)
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    Ikan Tapah: Brief Summary ( Malaiji )

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    Ikan Tapah ialah satu spesies ikan duri air tawar dalam famili Siluridae yang terdapat di bahagian selatan Asia dari Pakistan ke Vietnam, Malaysia, dan Indonesia. Ikan ini juga dilaporkan terdapat di Afghanistan. Bandar Tapah di Perak, Malaysia, dinamai sempena ikan ini.


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    Wallago attu ( flaami )

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    Vissen

    Wallago attu is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van echte meervallen (Siluridae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1801 door Bloch & Schneider.

    De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Gevoelig, beoordelingsjaar 2010. De omvang van de populatie is volgens de IUCN dalend.[1]

    De vis komt veelvuldig voor in het Chilkameer (India).

    Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
    1. a b (en) Wallago attu op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
    2. (en) Wallago attu. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
    Geplaatst op:
    22-10-2011
    Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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    Cá leo ( vietnam )

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    Cá leo (danh pháp hai phần: Wallago attu) là một loài cá da trơn trong họ Cá nheo (Siluridae). Người ta có thể thấy loài cá này trong các sông và hồ lớn. Nó có thể dài tới 2,4 m (8 ft) (tổng chiều dài). Loài cá ở miền nam châu Á này có thể tìm thấy trong khu vực từ Pakistan tới Việt NamIndonesia, cũng như được thông báo là có tại Afghanistan. Tại Malaysia, cá leo được gọi là "Ikan Tapah", và tên gọi này là nguồn gốc của tên gọi cho một thị xã tại Malaysia là Tapah.

    Loài cá này đã được sử dụng làm thực phẩm tại châu Á kể từ thời kỳ cổ đại.[2]

    Môi trường sinh sống: tầng đáy các sông. Hồ nước ngọt hay nước lợ trong khu vực nhiệt đới với nhiệt độ thích hợp là 22 – 25 °C; thuộc dải từ 38° vĩ bắc tới 10° vĩ nam.

    Khả năng phục hồi quần thể khá cao, có thể nhân đôi trong khoảng thời gian ít hơn 15 tháng.

    WallagoAttuDay.jpg

    Loài cá da trơn to lớn, phàm ăn, ăn thịt này sinh sống trong các khu vực với bờ cỏ, chủ yếu ẩn nấp trong các hang hốc dọc bờ sông hay kênh. Gắn liền với các vùng nước sâu và chảy chậm có lớp bùn đáy. Chúng là loài cá chậm chạp và kiếm ăn tại tầng bùn đáy. Cá non chủ yếu ăn côn trùng; còn cá trưởng thành ăn cá nhỏ, động vật giáp xác và động vật thân mềm. Đây là loài cá đẻ trứng và đẻ vào khoảng thời gian mùa hè trước gió mùa. Trong lưu vực sông Mê Kông, chúng còn di cư vào các sông suối nhỏ và vùng ngập lụt.

    Hình ảnh

    Chú thích

    1. ^ Ng, H.H. (2010). Wallago attu. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2012.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 3 năm 2013.
    2. ^ Charles Higham, A. Kijnga ed. The Origins of the Civilization of Angkor: Volume VI The Iron Age. page 43. IV 'The Fish Remains'

    Tham khảo


    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề bộ Cá da trơn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Cá leo: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

    tarjonnut wikipedia VI

    Cá leo (danh pháp hai phần: Wallago attu) là một loài cá da trơn trong họ Cá nheo (Siluridae). Người ta có thể thấy loài cá này trong các sông và hồ lớn. Nó có thể dài tới 2,4 m (8 ft) (tổng chiều dài). Loài cá ở miền nam châu Á này có thể tìm thấy trong khu vực từ Pakistan tới Việt NamIndonesia, cũng như được thông báo là có tại Afghanistan. Tại Malaysia, cá leo được gọi là "Ikan Tapah", và tên gọi này là nguồn gốc của tên gọi cho một thị xã tại Malaysia là Tapah.

    Loài cá này đã được sử dụng làm thực phẩm tại châu Á kể từ thời kỳ cổ đại.

    Môi trường sinh sống: tầng đáy các sông. Hồ nước ngọt hay nước lợ trong khu vực nhiệt đới với nhiệt độ thích hợp là 22 – 25 °C; thuộc dải từ 38° vĩ bắc tới 10° vĩ nam.

    Khả năng phục hồi quần thể khá cao, có thể nhân đôi trong khoảng thời gian ít hơn 15 tháng.

    WallagoAttuDay.jpg

    Loài cá da trơn to lớn, phàm ăn, ăn thịt này sinh sống trong các khu vực với bờ cỏ, chủ yếu ẩn nấp trong các hang hốc dọc bờ sông hay kênh. Gắn liền với các vùng nước sâu và chảy chậm có lớp bùn đáy. Chúng là loài cá chậm chạp và kiếm ăn tại tầng bùn đáy. Cá non chủ yếu ăn côn trùng; còn cá trưởng thành ăn cá nhỏ, động vật giáp xác và động vật thân mềm. Đây là loài cá đẻ trứng và đẻ vào khoảng thời gian mùa hè trước gió mùa. Trong lưu vực sông Mê Kông, chúng còn di cư vào các sông suối nhỏ và vùng ngập lụt.

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    Пресноводный сом-валлаго ( venäjä )

    tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию
    Царство: Животные
    Подцарство: Эуметазои
    Без ранга: Вторичноротые
    Подтип: Позвоночные
    Инфратип: Челюстноротые
    Группа: Рыбы
    Группа: Костные рыбы
    Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
    Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
    Надотряд: Костнопузырные
    Серия: Отофизы
    Подсерия: Siluriphysi
    Семейство: Сомовые
    Вид: Пресноводный сом-валлаго
    Международное научное название

    Wallago attu Bloch & Schneider, 1801

    Синонимы
    • Silurus boalis Hamilton, 1822
    • Silurus wallagoo Valenciennes, 1840
    • Silurus muelleri Bleeker, 1846
    • Wallago russellii Bleeker, 1853
    Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
    Систематика
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    Commons-logo.svg
    Изображения
    на Викискладе
    ITIS 164079NCBI 36718EOL 205714

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго[1] (лат. Wallago attu) — вид крупных бесчешуйчатых лучепёрых рыб семейства сомовых (Siluridae).

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго встречается в крупных реках и озерах двух географически разобщенных регионов. Одна популяция обитает на большей части индийского субконтинента, а другая в некоторых частях Юго-Восточной Азии. Максимальная длина тела представителей этого вида 1 метр[2].

    Его ареал частично перекрывается с ареалом очень похожего, но более крупного вида Wallagonia leerii[en], поэтому его с ним часто путают.

    В Юго-Восточной Азии пресноводный сом-валлаго с древних времён употребляется людьми в пищу[3].

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго и Wallagonia leerii

    Во многих районах пресноводный сом-валлаго обитает рядом с внешне похожим на него родственным видом сома Wallagonia leerii. В Индонезии и Малайзии оба вида называют ikan tapah. Эти виды часто смешивают между собой в публикациях СМИ, рыбацких рассказах, местном фольклоре, и даже в научных публикациях. Поэтому есть сообщения, что пресноводный сом-валлаго достигает длины более 1,8 м и веса более 45 кг[4], хотя биологи утверждают, что его длина не более 1 метра[2]. Рекордный экземпляр пресноводного сома-валлаго, пойманный в дикой природе при помощи спиннинга в водохранилище у плотины Вачиралонгкорн[en] (Таиланд) и заверенный IGFA[en], весил 18 кг. Некоторые хозяйства по разведению рыбы утверждают, что выращивали экземпляры этого сома весом в 20—30 кг[5][6]. Поэтому сообщения о гораздо более крупных экземплярах пресноводного сома-валлаго, очевидно, относятся к Wallagonia leerii, который бывает в два раза длиннее и в несколько раз тяжелее.

    Распространение

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго живет на территории большей части Южной и Юго-Восточной Азии. Его ареал разделён на две изолированные популяции, одна из которых населяет Индийский субконтинент, а другая материковую и островную части Восточной Азии[2].

    На Индийском субконтиненте его ареал включает в себя все крупные реки Индии, Пакистана, Бутана, Непала и Бангладеш, такие как Ганг, Инд, Нармада, Годавари, Кришна и Маханади, а также водоёмы острова Шри-Ланка. На северо-запад, его ареал простирается за пределы Пакистана в Иран и Афганистан. На востоке он встречается в нескольких реках бассейна Иравади бассейна в Мьянме[2][7][8][9][10][11].

    Вторая популяция обитает в Юго-Восточной Азии в Таиланде, Лаосе, Камбодже, Вьетнаме, Малайзии и Индонезии. Здесь пресноводный сом-валлаго населяет Мэкхлонг, Чаупхраю и Меконг, а также водоёмы на малайском полуострове и на островах Ява и Суматра. На острове Борнео валлаго нет, что ихтиолог Тайсон Р. Робертс считает «удивительным»[2].

    Разрыв между двумя популяциями во многом вызван тем, что в реках Салуин и Тенассерим[en] этот вид не встречается. Причина этого науке неизвестна[2].

    Биология и экология

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго кормится в основном рыбой. Анализ содержимого желудков этих сомов, проведенный на образцах из реки Годавари в Индии показывает, что от 90 до 95 % потребляемой ими пищи было животного происхождения. Основным кормом служили рыбы видов Salmophasia phulo, барбус-тикто (Pethia ticto) и Chanda nama. Всё это мелкие виды, максимальная длина которых составляет около 10—12 см[7].

    Возможное разделение на виды

    Обширный и разорванный ареал пресноводного сома-валлаго наводит на мысль, что он может на самом деле представлять собой не один, а несколько видов. Предварительный анализ строения скелета образцов из Юго-Восточной и Южной Азии показал существенные различия между ними. Поэтому возможно, что скоро этот вид разделят на два или более отдельных вида[2].

    Примечания

    1. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 158. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Roberts, T.R. (2014): Wallago Bleeker, 1851 and Wallagonia Myers, 1938 (Ostariophysi, Siluridae), Distinct Genera of Tropical Asian Catfishes, with Description of †Wallago maemohensis from the Miocene of Thailand. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 55(1): 35—47.
    3. Charles Higham, A. Kijnga ed. The Origins of the Civilization of Angkor: Volume VI The Iron Age. page 43. IV 'The Fish Remains'
    4. Sareng catfish aka Wallago Attu — Profile & Photos, Tankterrors.com. Retrieved on 03 July 2016.
    5. «IGFA Online World Record Search, Wallago attu», International Game Fish Association. Retrieved on 03 July 2016.
    6. «Current, Pending, and Catches Above the Current IGFA All Tackle World Records in Order of Size», Palm Tree Lagoon Fishing Park & Restaurant. Retrieved on 03 July 2016.
    7. 1 2 Babare R. S., Chavan S.P., Kannewad P. M. (2013). Gut Content Analysis of Wallago attu and Mystus (Sperata) seenghala, the common Catfishes from Godavari River System in Maharastra State. Advances in Bioresearch 4(2): 123—128.
    8. Singh Tarun Kumar, Guru Bhikari Charan, Swain Saroj Kumar (2013). Review of the Research on the Fish Diversity in the River Mahanadi and Identifying the Probable Potential Ornamental Fishes among them with reference to Threats and Conservation Measures. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences 1(3): 16—24.
    9. Suresh M. Kumbar, Swapnali B. Lad (2014). Diversity, threats and conservation of catfish fauna of the Krishna River, Sangli District, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(1).
    10. K. Sankaran Unni (1996). Ecology of River Narmada. New Delhi: S.B. Nangia, pg. 289.
    11. Brian W. Coad (2015). Native fish biodiversity in Afghanistan. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 2(4): 227—234.
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    Пресноводный сом-валлаго: Brief Summary ( venäjä )

    tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго (лат. Wallago attu) — вид крупных бесчешуйчатых лучепёрых рыб семейства сомовых (Siluridae).

    Пресноводный сом-валлаго встречается в крупных реках и озерах двух географически разобщенных регионов. Одна популяция обитает на большей части индийского субконтинента, а другая в некоторых частях Юго-Восточной Азии. Максимальная длина тела представителей этого вида 1 метр.

    Его ареал частично перекрывается с ареалом очень похожего, но более крупного вида Wallagonia leerii[en], поэтому его с ним часто путают.

    В Юго-Восточной Азии пресноводный сом-валлаго с древних времён употребляется людьми в пищу.

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    叉尾鲇 ( kiina )

    tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科
    二名法 Wallago attu
    Bloch et Schneider, 1801[2]

    叉尾鲇学名Wallago attu)为鲇科叉尾鲇属鱼类,為熱帶淡水魚,分布于亞洲泰国缅甸以及云南澜沧江下游等,本魚頭部寬、吻扁平、細長的身體, 嘴非常深裂, 觸鬚2對、眼小,背鰭軟條5枚;臀鰭軟條77-97枚,體長可達240公分,棲息在泥底質、植被生長密集的溪流、鬍博等底層水域,屬肉食性的掠食魚類,以昆蟲甲殼類魚類等為食,會進行季節性洄游,可做為食用魚及遊釣魚[2]

    参考文献

    1. ^ Ng, H.H. Wallago attu. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2010 [4 March 2013].
    2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 叉尾鲇. 中国动物物种编目数据库. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).


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    叉尾鲇: Brief Summary ( kiina )

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    叉尾鲇(学名:Wallago attu)为鲇科叉尾鲇属鱼类,為熱帶淡水魚,分布于亞洲泰国缅甸以及云南澜沧江下游等,本魚頭部寬、吻扁平、細長的身體, 嘴非常深裂, 觸鬚2對、眼小,背鰭軟條5枚;臀鰭軟條77-97枚,體長可達240公分,棲息在泥底質、植被生長密集的溪流、鬍博等底層水域,屬肉食性的掠食魚類,以昆蟲甲殼類魚類等為食,會進行季節性洄游,可做為食用魚及遊釣魚

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