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Lamprophiidae ( saksa )

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Die Lamprophiidae sind eine in Afrika, im Nahen Osten und auf dem Indischen Subkontinent vorkommende Familie kleiner, natternartiger Schlangen.

Merkmale

Bei den Lamprophiidae handelt es sich durchweg um kleine bis mittelgroße, natternartige Schlangen. Die Familie umfasst Gattungen aus der ehemals paraphyletischen Familie der Nattern (Colubridae) die näher mit den Giftnattern (Elapidae) verwandt sind als mit den Nattern. Die nahe Verwandtschaft und Abtrennung dieser Unterfamilien und Gattungen von den Nattern gründet sich auf molekularbiologische Untersuchungen und wird nur durch wenige morphologische Merkmale gestützt.

Diagnostisches Merkmal der Lamprophiidae sind die dornartigen Hautverknöcherungen der Hemipenis, die in Querreihen stehen und basal mit rüschenartigem Gewebe verbunden sind. Das Merkmal ist bei einigen Taxa, wie der Gattung Bothrolycus nur wenig entwickelt. Außerdem ist der Sulcus spermaticus, eine Rinne an der Innenseite des Hemipenis, in der bei der Kopulation die Spermien in die weibliche Kloake geleitet werden auf eine besondere Weise geformt. Der Sulcus spermaticus der Lamprophiidae teilt sich auf dem mittleren Abschnitt des Hemipenis.[1]

Systematik

In der Familie Lamprophiidae gibt es 87 Arten in elf Gattungen:[2]

Zu den Lamprophiidae gehörten ursprünglich 7 Unterfamilien, heute aber nur noch die Arten und Gattungen der ehemaligen Unterfamilie Lamprophiinae. Die Aparallactinae und Atractaspidinae gehören heute zur Familie der Erdvipern (Atractaspididae). Die Unterfamilien Psammophiinae, Prosymninae, Pseudaspidinae und Pseudoxyrhophiidae haben jetzt den Status eigenständiger Familien.[3][4]

Das folgende Kladogramm zeigt die systematische Stellung der Lamprophiidae und ihrer ehemaligen Unterfamilien.[3]


Elapoidea

Cyclocoridae



Giftnattern (Elapidae)



Pseudaspididae




Prosymnidae


Psammophiidae




Erdvipern (Atractaspididae)



Pseudoxyrhophiidae


Lamprophiidae








Colubroidea

Nattern (Colubridae)



Einzelnachweise

  1. Hussam Zaher, Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin, John E. Cadle, Robert W. Murphy, Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite, Sandro L. Bonatto: Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) vol.49 no.11 São Paulo, 2009, doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001 PDF
  2. Lamprophiidae In: The Reptile Database
  3. a b Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Roberta Graboski, Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho, Kristin Mahlow, Giovanna G. Montingelli, Ana Bottallo Quadros, Nikolai L. Orlov, Mark Wilkinson, Ya-Ping Zhang, Felipe G. Grazziotin (2019): Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLOS ONE, Mai 10, 2019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216148
  4. The Reptile Database: Suborder Ophidia (Serpentes) – Snakes
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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( saksa )

tarjonnut wikipedia DE
 src= Boaedon lineatus  src= Lycophidion capense

Die Lamprophiidae sind eine in Afrika, im Nahen Osten und auf dem Indischen Subkontinent vorkommende Familie kleiner, natternartiger Schlangen.

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Lamprophiidae ( englanti )

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The Lamprophiidae are a family of snakes[1] found throughout much of Africa, including the Seychelles. There are 89 species as of July 2022.[2]

Biology

Lamprophiids are a very diverse group of snakes. Many are terrestrial but some are fossorial (e.g. Amblyodipsas) or semi-aquatic (e.g. Lycodonomorphus). Some are fast-moving (e.g. Psammophis) whereas others are slow (e.g. Duberria). They are found in deserts, grasslands, tropical forests and mountains. Together they feed on mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Some species use constriction to subdue their prey (e.g. Boaedon). When other snake families were formerly included within the Lamprophiidae, they were considered even more diverse in biology, although this is now known to not be the case. Most species are oviparous.

Classification

Most lamprophiids were historically considered to be members of the subfamily Lamprophiinae in the family Colubridae. The following classification follows Pyron et al., 2010,[3] whose finding that lamprophiids are more closely related to elapids has been repeated by several other studies.[4][5][6][7] Together these two groups are sometimes referred to as the Elapoidea. In fact, some studies have found that Elapidae is nested within Lamprophiidae,[6][7] a finding that necessitated taxonomic changes to restore monophyly within the Elapoidea. Following this, multiple subfamilies within Lamprophiidae were reclassified as their own families, reducing the number of species, overall distribution, and diversity in form of Lamprophiidae as previously defined; prior to this revision, members of Lamprophiidae were thought to be even more diverse in form and behavior, and were thought to have a distribution from Africa to Madagascar, southern Europe, and most of Asia. They are now known to be found in only Africa.[8][9][10]

List of subfamilies and genera

Former subfamilies

These taxa were formerly classified in the Lamprophiidae, but are now either classified as families of their own or subfamilies in other taxa.[10][11]

In captivity

Some members of the Lamprophiidae, such as the African house snake (genus Boaedon) are kept and bred as pets by herpetoculturists worldwide. Due to their placid nature, classification as nonvenomous snakes, easy care requirements and small size, many of the species that are bred in captivity are considered by many to be a perfect pet reptile for novices and experienced reptile keepers alike.[12]

References

  1. ^ "Lamprophiidae - Die Systematik". www.dahmstierleben.de.
  2. ^ Uetz, Peter. "Lamprophiidae". The Reptile Database. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
  3. ^ Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Colli GR, Montes de Oca AN, Vitt LJ, Kuczynski CA, Wiens JJ. 2010. The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58: 329–342. Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Pyron, R. A.; Burbrink, F.; Wiens, J. J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
  5. ^ Streicher, J. W.; Ruane, S. (2018). "Phylogenomics of Snakes". eLS: 1–8. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0027476. ISBN 9780470015902.
  6. ^ a b Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016). "A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus". PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070. PMC 5014348. PMID 27603205.
  7. ^ a b Zheng, Y; Wiens, JJ (2016). "Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94 (Pt B): 537–547. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009. PMID 26475614.
  8. ^ Zaher, Hussam; Murphy, Robert W.; Arredondo, Juan Camilo; Graboski, Roberta; Machado-Filho, Paulo Roberto; Mahlow, Kristin; Montingelli, Giovanna G.; Quadros, Ana Bottallo; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Wilkinson, Mark; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019-05-10). "Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes)". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216148. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416148Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216148. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6512042. PMID 31075128.
  9. ^ Zaher, Hussam; Murphy, Robert W.; Arredondo, Juan Camilo; Graboski, Roberta; Machado-Filho, Paulo Roberto; Mahlow, Kristin; Montingelli, Giovanna G.; Quadros, Ana Bottallo; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Wilkinson, Mark; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019-05-10). "Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes)". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216148. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416148Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216148. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6512042. PMID 31075128.
  10. ^ a b "Search results | The Reptile Database". reptile-database.reptarium.cz. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
  11. ^ Zaher, Hussam; Murphy, Robert W.; Arredondo, Juan Camilo; Graboski, Roberta; Machado-Filho, Paulo Roberto; Mahlow, Kristin; Montingelli, Giovanna G.; Quadros, Ana Bottallo; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Wilkinson, Mark; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019-05-10). "Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes)". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216148. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416148Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216148. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6512042. PMID 31075128.
  12. ^ "The African House Snake - Care in Captivity".
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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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The Lamprophiidae are a family of snakes found throughout much of Africa, including the Seychelles. There are 89 species as of July 2022.

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Lamprophiidae ( kastilia )

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Los lamprofíidos (Lamprophiidae) son una familia de serpientes distribuidas por Asia, África, América y Europa.

Géneros

Se reconocen 308 especies distribuidas en los siguientes géneros según The Reptile Database:[1][2]

Referencias

  1. Uetz, P. & Jirí Hošek (ed.). «Lamprophiidae». Reptile Database. Reptarium. Consultado el 10 de abril de 2016.
  2. Pyron, Burbrink, Colli, Montes de Oca, Vitt, Kuczynski & Wiens, 2010 : The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol.58, p.329–342.

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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Los lamprofíidos (Lamprophiidae) son una familia de serpientes distribuidas por Asia, África, América y Europa.

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Lamprophiidae ( viro )

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Lamprophiidae on madude sugukond.

Klassifikatsioon

Lamprophiidae sugukond klassifitseeritakse järgmisteks alamsugukondadeks:

Incertae sedis

Välislingid

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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( viro )

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Lamprophiidae on madude sugukond.

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Lamprophiidae ( baski )

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Lamprophiidae suge familia bat da. Lehen Colubridae barruan Lamprophiinae gisa sailkatzen zen. Afrika, Asia, Amerika eta Europan bizi dira.

Generoak

Incertae sedis

Aparallactinae Bourgeois, 1968

Atractaspidinae Günther, 1858

Lamprophiinae Fitzinger, 1843

Prosymninae Kelly, Barker, Villet & Broadley, 2009

Psammophiinae Dowling, 1967

Pseudaspidinae Cope, 1893

Pseudoxyrhophiinae Dowling, 1975

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Lamprophiidae suge familia bat da. Lehen Colubridae barruan Lamprophiinae gisa sailkatzen zen. Afrika, Asia, Amerika eta Europan bizi dira.

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Lamprophiidae ( ranska )

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Les Lamprophiidae sont une famille de serpents[1].

Répartition

Les espèces de cette famille se rencontrent en Afrique, en Asie et en Europe[1].

Taxinomie

Elle était traditionnellement considérée comme Lamprophiinae dans les Colubridae. La classification suivie est celle de Pyron et al., 2010 [2].

Liste des genres

Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (8 décembre 2014)[3] :

Publication originale

  • Fitzinger, 1843 : Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien, p. 1-106 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Pyron, Burbrink, Colli, Montes de Oca, Vitt, Kuczynski & Wiens, 2010 : The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 58, p. 329–342 (texte intégral)
  3. Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté le 8 décembre 2014
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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Les Lamprophiidae sont une famille de serpents.

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Lamprophiidae ( Indonesia )

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Lamprophiidae adalah familia ular yang terdapat di Eurasia dan Afrika.[1][2]

Klasifikasi

Incertae sedis (status tidak menentu)


Subfamilia Aparallactinae (Bourgeois, 1968)


Subfamilia Atractaspidinae (Günther, 1858)


Subfamilia Lamprophiinae (Fitzinger, 1843)


Subfamilia Prosymninae (Kelly, Barker, Villet & Broadley, 2009)


Subfamilia Psammophiinae (Dowling, 1967)

Subfamilia Pseudaspidinae (Cope, 1893)


Subfamilia Pseudoxyrhophiinae (Dowling, 1975)

Referensi

  1. ^ Dahms Tierleben. http://www.dahmstierleben.de/systematik/Reptilien/Squamata/Serpentes/colubroidea/lamprophiidae/lamprophiidae.
  2. ^ Pyron, Burbrink, Colli, Montes de Oca, Vitt, Kuczynski & Wiens, 2010: The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Templat:Vol., p. 329–342 (PDF Text)

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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( Indonesia )

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Lamprophiidae adalah familia ular yang terdapat di Eurasia dan Afrika.

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Lamprophiidae ( Italia )

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I Lamprofidi (Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843) sono una famiglia di serpenti, diffusi prevalentemente in Africa.[1]

Distribuzione e habitat

La famiglia è diffusa prevalentemente nel continente africano, con 18 generi endemici del Madagascar (Alluaudina, Brygophis, Compsophis, Dromicodryas, Elapotinus, Heteroliodon, Ithycyphus, Langaha, Leioheterodon, Liopholidophis, Madagascarophis, Micropisthodon, Mimophis, Pararhadinaea, Parastenophis, Phisalixella, Pseudoxyrhopus e Thamnosophis)[1]. Alcune specie (p.es. Malpolon spp., Micrelaps spp., Psammophis spp.) estendono il loro areale all'Europa meridionale, al Medio Oriente e al subcontinente indiano.

Tassonomia

Tradizionalmente questo raggruppamento veniva considerato una sottofamiglia (Lamprophiinae) della famiglia Colubridae.

Recentemente è stata elevata al rango di famiglia a sé stante[2], suddivisa a sua volta in 7 sottofamiglie che raggruppano i seguenti generi e specie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c Family: Lamprophiidae, in The Reptile Database. URL consultato il 18 luglio 2014.
  2. ^ Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Colli GR, Montes de Oca AN, Vitt LJ, Kuczynski CA, Wiens JJ, The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees (PDF), in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 58, 2010, pp. 329–342 (archiviato dall'url originale il 3 dicembre 2013).

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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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I Lamprofidi (Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843) sono una famiglia di serpenti, diffusi prevalentemente in Africa.

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Āfrikas zalkšu dzimta ( Latvia )

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Āfrikas zalkšu dzimta jeb mājas čūsku dzimta (Lamprophiidae) ir augstāko čūsku dzimta, kas izveidota balstoties uz ģenētiskajiem pētījumiem. Tā ir māsas taksons zalkšu dzimtai, odžu dzimtai un pārējām zalkšu virsdzimtas (Colubroidea) dzimtām.[1] Saskaņā ar Starptautisko rāpuļu datu bāzi (angļu: Reptil Database) šajā dzimtā apvienotas 306 sugas, kas tiek iedalītas 7 apakšdzimtās un 60 ģintīs.[2] Dzimta izveidota, apvienojot vairākas kādreizējās zalkšu dzimtas apakšdzimtas, kā arī dažas kobru dzimtas ģintis.[1] Iegūstot arvien jaunus DNS pētījumu rezultātus, dzimtas taksonomija ik pa laikam papildinās ar jaunām sugām un ģintīm.[3][4]

Izplatība

 src=
Dažas dzimtas sugas sastopamas ārpus Āfrikas, attēlā Monpeljē rietumu čūska (Malpolon monspessulanus)

Lielākā daļa Āfrikas zalkšu dzimtas sugas dzīvo Āfrikā un Madagaskarā, lai gan dažas sugas sastopamas arī Eiropas dienvidos, Tuvajos Austrumos un Dienvidaustrumāzijā.[5] Šīs dzimtas sugu aizvēsturiskie priekšteči dzīvoja Āfrikas kontinentā, sākot ar eocēna beigām.[1][3][5]

Īpašības

Kā jau lielai dzīvnieku grupai raksturīgs, Āfrikas zalkšu dzimta ir ļoti daudzveidīga. Atkarībā no apakšdzimtas un ģintīm šīm sugām ir atšķirīga morfoloģija, ķermeņa formas, krāsas un ieradumi. Liela daļa šīs dzimtas sugu nav indīgas un tām ir raksturīga nakts aktivitāte.[4] Tomēr ir arī indīgas sugas, kuru inde ir vāja un cilvēkam nav bīstama,[6] kā arī ir sugas, kuru inde cilvēkam ir bīstama.[7] Atkarībā no sugas vairojas, gan dējot olas, gan dzemdējot dzīvus mazuļus, kas nozīmē, ka šīs sugas ir oldzīvdzemdētājas un olas attīstās mātītes ķermenī.

Sistemātika

 src=
Palestīnas kurmjčūska (Atractaspis engaddensis)
 src=
Komoru austrumu kokuzalktis (Lycodryas maculatus)
 src=
Rītausmas mājas čūska (Lamprophis aurora)
 src=
Raibais vilku zalktis (Lycophidion variegatum)
 src=
Kāpas mājas čūska (Boaedon capensis)
 src=
Brūnais ūdenszalktis (Lycodonomorphus rufulus)

Incertae sedis

Atsauces

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Robert D. Aldridge,David M. Seve, 2011. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Snakes
  2. 2,0 2,1 Reptile Database: Lamprophiidae
  3. 3,0 3,1 Molecular systematics of the African snake family Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Elapoidea), with particular focus on the genera Lamprophis Fitzinger 1843 and Mehelya Csiki 190
  4. 4,0 4,1 Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar
  5. 5,0 5,1 The Lamprophiidae
  6. Мадагаскарская листоносая змея
  7. «Family Lamprophiidae; Sub-family Atractaspidinae; Genus Atractaspis». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2016. gada 28. februārī. Skatīts: 2020. gada 5. februārī.
  8. Naturwindow: Colubridae

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Āfrikas zalkšu dzimta: Brief Summary ( Latvia )

tarjonnut wikipedia LV

Āfrikas zalkšu dzimta jeb mājas čūsku dzimta (Lamprophiidae) ir augstāko čūsku dzimta, kas izveidota balstoties uz ģenētiskajiem pētījumiem. Tā ir māsas taksons zalkšu dzimtai, odžu dzimtai un pārējām zalkšu virsdzimtas (Colubroidea) dzimtām. Saskaņā ar Starptautisko rāpuļu datu bāzi (angļu: Reptil Database) šajā dzimtā apvienotas 306 sugas, kas tiek iedalītas 7 apakšdzimtās un 60 ģintīs. Dzimta izveidota, apvienojot vairākas kādreizējās zalkšu dzimtas apakšdzimtas, kā arī dažas kobru dzimtas ģintis. Iegūstot arvien jaunus DNS pētījumu rezultātus, dzimtas taksonomija ik pa laikam papildinās ar jaunām sugām un ģintīm.

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Lamprophiidae ( slovakia )

tarjonnut wikipedia SK

Lamprophiidae je čeľaď hadov z taxónu Caenophidia. Vyskytuje sa takmer výlučne v Afrike.

Boli do nej zo starších systémov presunuté niektoré taxóny z čeľade užovkovité (Colubridae) a všetky taxóny z čeľade norozmijovité (Atractaspididae). V užšom zmysle čeľaď zahŕňa len to, čo sú v iných systémoch podčeľade Lamprohiinae a Pseudoxyrhopiinae a v najužšom zmysle zahŕňa len to, čo je v iných systémoch podčeľaď Lamprophiinae.

Charakteristika

Hady z čeľade Lamprophiidae sa vyskytujú v Afrike, niektoré aj v južnej Európe a podčeľaď Psammophiinae aj v západnej a juhovýchodnej Ázii. Čeľaď bola vytvorená čisto na základe fylogenetického stromu, spoločné morfologické charakteristiky zástupcov čeľade ako celku zatiaľ nie sú určené. [1]

Systematika

Súčasné systematiky

Najbežnejšia systematika

Lamprophiidae:

Zdroje: [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Slovenské názvy podľa: [14][15]. Systém uvádza len recentné taxóny. Rody sú uvedené primárne podľa Uetz - The Reptile Database.

Alternatíva

Alternatívne sa všetky vyššie uvedené podčeľade klasifikujú ako samostatné čeľade. Z toho vyplýva, že Lamprophiidae je v takýchto systémoch len to, čo je vyššie uvedené pod názvom Lamprophiinae:

nadčeľaď Elapoidea:

Zdroje: [16][17][18][9]

Staršie systémy

Staršie sa to, čo je dnes v čeľadi Lamprophiidae, často zaraďovalo do podčeľade užovkovité (Colubridae) – podrobnejšie pozri staršie delenia v článku užovkovité.

Lawson et al. 2005

Okrem toho za zmienku stojí ešte nasledujúci systém podľa Lawson et al. 2005, v ktorom autori pomerne atypicky nepoužívajú termín Lamprophiidae, ale termín Elapidae [v širšom zmysle], ktorý v ostatných (súčasných bežných) systémoch zodpovedá taxónom Lamprophiidae + Xenodermatidae + Elapidae [19]:

Koralovcovité (Elapidae) [v širšom zmysle]:

  • ?rod Prosymna
  • ?rod Psammodynastes
  • podčeľaď Atractaspidinae – to isté ako v úvodnom systéme Atractaspirinae v širšom zmysle okrem rodu Homoroselaps + rod Elapotinus
  • podčeľaď Boodontinae – to isté ako v úvodnom systéme Lamprophiinae + Pseudaspidinae + rody Dipsina, Dromophis, Macroprotodon, Scaphiphis, Buhoma, Montaspis
  • podčeľaď Psammophiinae – to isté ako v úvodnom systéme Psamophiinae okrem rodov Dromophis a Dipsina
  • podčeľaď Pseudoxyrhophiinae – to isté ako v úvodnom systéme Pseudoxyrhophiinae okrem rodov Elapotinus (ale vrátane Exallodontophis), Amplorhinus a Thamnosophis
  • podčeľaď Xenodermatinae – to isté ako v úvodnom systéme Xenodermatinae + rod Oxyrhabdium
  • podčeľaď Elapinae – to isté ako v iných systémoch Elapinae
  • podčeľaď Hydrophiinae – to isté ako v iných systémoch Hydrophiinae a Laticaudinae

Iné projekty

Zdroje

  1. BURBRINK, F. T., CHROTER, B. I. Chapter 2 – Evolution and Taxonomy of Snakes . 2011. In: ALDRIDGE, Robert D.; SEVER, David M.. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Snakes. [s.l.] : CRC Press, 2016. 772 s. ISBN 978-1-4398-5833-2. S. 39-41. [1]
  2. WEINELL, J., BROWN, R. M. Discovery of an old, archipelago-wide, endemic radiation of Philippine snakes. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 119 (2018) 144-150 dostupné online (Poznámka: Pozri aj [2])
  3. FIGUEROA, A. et al. A Species-Level Phylogeny of Extant Snakes with Description of a New Colubrid Subfamily and Genus. In: PLOS One, 7. 9. 2016 dostupné online
  4. ZHENG, Y. – WIENS, J. J. Y. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94: 537–54 (citované na www.reptile-database.org: [3]
  5. UETZ, P. Higher Taxa in Extant Reptiles. Last changed 8 Mar 2018 dostupné online
  6. UETZ, P. Higher Taxa in Extant Reptiles. Last changed 2 Aug 2013 [4]
  7. Weinstein et al. 2013 citované v: MIRTSCHIN, Peter; RASMUSSEN, Arne; WEINSTEIN, Scott. Australia's Dangerous Snakes (Identification, Biology and Envenoming). [s.l.] : Csiro Publishing, 2017. 432 s. ISBN 978-0-643-10674-1. S. 45. dostupné online
  8. ZAHER, H., GRAZZIOTIN, F. G. et al. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. In: Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) vol.49 no.11 São Paulo 2009 [5] alebo (prvá polovica dokumentu)
  9. a b GRAZZIOTIN, F. G. Molecular phylogeny of the New World Dipsadidae. In: Cladistics 1 (2012) 1–23 [6] alebo (druhá polovica dokumentu)
  10. VIDAL, N. et al. The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes. In: C. R. Biologies 330 (2007) 182–187 [7]
  11. TOXICOFERA (GIFTDRÜSENTRÄGER) [online]. sthco.de, [cit. 2018-03-23]. Dostupné online.
  12. OGUIURA, N. et al. Cytogenetics and molecular data in snakes: A phylogenetic approach. In: Cytogenet Genome Res 2009;127:128–142 (published March 10, 2010) dostupné online
  13. BURBRINK, F. T., CHROTER, B. I. Chapter 2 – Evolution and Taxonomy of Snakes . 2011. In: ALDRIDGE, Robert D.; SEVER, David M.. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Snakes. [s.l.] : CRC Press, 2016. 772 s. ISBN 978-1-4398-5833-2. [8]
  14. BURNIE, D. et al.: Zviera. Bratislava: Ikar, 2002. ISBN 80-551-0375-5. s. 384-390
  15. MATTISON, Chris. Hady : [celkom ojedinelý pohľad do sveta hadov]. Praha : Cesty, 2001. 192 s. ISBN 80-7181-479-2.
  16. WALLACH, Van; WILLIAMS, Kenneth L.; BOUNDY, Jeff. Snakes of the World (A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species). [s.l.] : CRC Press, 2014. 1237 s. ISBN 978-1-4822-0848-1.
  17. Kelly, Ch. M. R. et al.. Phylogeny, biogeography and classification of the snake superfamily Elapoidea: a rapid radiation in the late Eocene. In: Cladistics 25: 38-63, citované v Uetz 2018 Dole poznámka č. 6)
  18. ZAHER, H., GRAZZIOTIN, F. G. et al. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. In: Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) vol.49 no.11 São Paulo 2009 [9] alebo (prvá polovica dokumentu). S. 46-48
  19. LAWSON, R. et al. Phylogeny of the Colubroidea (Serpentes): New evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37 (2005) 581–601 [10]
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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( slovakia )

tarjonnut wikipedia SK

Lamprophiidae je čeľaď hadov z taxónu Caenophidia. Vyskytuje sa takmer výlučne v Afrike.

Boli do nej zo starších systémov presunuté niektoré taxóny z čeľade užovkovité (Colubridae) a všetky taxóny z čeľade norozmijovité (Atractaspididae). V užšom zmysle čeľaď zahŕňa len to, čo sú v iných systémoch podčeľade Lamprohiinae a Pseudoxyrhopiinae a v najužšom zmysle zahŕňa len to, čo je v iných systémoch podčeľaď Lamprophiinae.

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Lamprophiidae ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Lamprophiidae là một họ rắn[2] được tìm thấy chủ yếu ở châu Phi, nhưng cũng sinh sống tại miền tây châu Á và miền nam châu Âu.[3] Một ít loài cũng sinh sống tới khu vực đông nam châu Á. Tại thời điểm tháng 4 năm 2019 người ta công nhận 322 loài thuộc họ này.[4]

Sinh học

Lamprophiidae là nhóm rắn rất đa dạng. Nhiều loaigf sống trên mặt đất nhưng một số loài là đào bới (như Amblyodipsas), sống trên cây (như Langaha) hay bán thủy sinh (như Lycodonomorphus). Một số di chuyển nhanh (như Psammophis) trong khi một số lại chậm chạp (như Duberria). Chúng được tìm thấy trong sa mạc, đồng cỏ, rừng ôn đới và nhiệt đới, thảo nguyên và núi non. Thức ăn của chúng là bò sát, lưỡng cư, chim, thú, cá và động vật không xương sống. Một số loài sử dụng cơ chế xiết để làm ngạt thở con mồi (như Boaedon), trong khi các loài khác có nọc độc và nguy hiểm đối với con người (như Atractaspis). Hình thái học bộ răng trong phạm vi họ Lamprophiidae có lẽ là biến đổi nhiều hơn so với bất kỳ họ rắn nào khác. Phần lớn các loài là rắn đẻ trứng.

Phân loại

Phần lớn các loài trong họ Lamprophiidae trong quá khứ được coi là thành viên của phân họ Lamprophiinae trong họ Colubridae. Phân loại dưới đây lấy theo Pyron et al. (2010)[3], khi phát hiện cho rằng Lamprophiidae có quan hệ họ hàng gần hơn với Elapidae đã được lặp lại trong một số nghiên cứu khác.[5][6][7][8] Cùng nhau các nhóm này tạo thành một nhóm mà người ta gọi là Elapoidea. Trên thực tế, một số nghiên cứu cho thấy Elapidae lồng sâu bên trong Lamprophiidae[7][8], một phát hiện mà nếu được xác nhận thì sẽ cần thiết phải có các sửa đổi phân loại học để phục hồi tính đơn ngành trong phạm vi Elapoidea.

Chi và loài

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Fitzinger L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Vienna: Braumüller & Seidel. 106 pp. + indices.
  2. ^ a ă â b c d đ e ê “Lamprophiidae - Die Systematik”. www.dahmstierleben.de.
  3. ^ a ă Pyron R. A., Burbrink F. T., Colli G. R., Montes de Oca A. N., Vitt L. J., Kuczynski C. A., Wiens J. J., 2010. The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 58: 329–342. Lưu trữ 2013-12-03 tại Wayback Machine.
  4. ^ Uetz, Peter. “Lamprophiidae”. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 4 năm 2019.
  5. ^ Pyron, R. A.; Burbrink, F.; Wiens, J. J. (2013). “A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 93.
  6. ^ Streicher, J. W.; Ruane, S. (2018). “Phylogenomics of Snakes”. eLS. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0027476.
  7. ^ a ă Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016). “A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus”. PLoS ONE 11: e0161070.
  8. ^ a ă Zheng, Y.; Wiens, J. J. (2016). “Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species” (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet Evol. 94: 537–547.
  9. ^ Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M. (2017). “Discovery of an old, archipelago-wide, endemic radiation of Philippine snakes” (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 119: 144–150.
  10. ^ a ă â b c d đ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
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Lamprophiidae: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Lamprophiidae là một họ rắn được tìm thấy chủ yếu ở châu Phi, nhưng cũng sinh sống tại miền tây châu Á và miền nam châu Âu. Một ít loài cũng sinh sống tới khu vực đông nam châu Á. Tại thời điểm tháng 4 năm 2019 người ta công nhận 322 loài thuộc họ này.

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イエヘビ科 ( Japani )

tarjonnut wikipedia 日本語
イエヘビ科 Aroura House Snake 1.JPG 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : 有鱗目 Squamata 亜目 : ヘビ亜目 Serpentes 下目 : ナミヘビ下目 Caenophidia : イエヘビ科 Lamprophiidae 学名 Lamprophiidae
Fitzinger, 1843

イエヘビ科 (Lamprophiidae) はヘビの一つ。約60属300種が属する。ナミヘビ上科に属し、コブラ科と近縁である。ほとんどの種はアフリカに分布するが、東南アジア・中東・ヨーロッパにも数種がいる。

分類[編集]

種数・分布はReptiles Database[1]、和名は「ヘビ大図鑑」[2]による。

イエヘビ科

Pseudoxyrhophiinae





イエヘビ亜科




モールバイパー亜科



ムカデクイヘビ亜科






チャマダラヘビ属





コテハナヘビ亜科



モグラヘビ亜科






カンボクヘビ属



ブホマヘビ属




アレチヘビ亜科







系統[3]

次の4属は亜科に割り当てられていない。

Pseudoxyrhophiinae[編集]

22属85種。マダガスカルを中心に分布する。

以下の属はマダガスカル固有である。

イエヘビ亜科[編集]

イエヘビ亜科 Lamprophiinae は12属68種。主にアフリカに分布する。

モールバイパー亜科[編集]

モールバイパー亜科 Atractaspidinae には2属23種が含まれる。かつてはムカデクイヘビ亜科とともにモールバイパー科 Atractaspididae とされていた。アフリカに分布する。

ムカデクイヘビ亜科[編集]

ムカデクイヘビ亜科 Aparallactinae は約10属50種。主にアフリカに分布する。モールバイパー亜科と近縁である。

コテハナヘビ亜科[編集]

コテハナヘビ亜科 Prosymninae は1属16種。

モグラヘビ亜科[編集]

モグラヘビ亜科 Pseudaspidinae には、アフリカ南部に分布する2種が含まれる。

アレチヘビ亜科[編集]

アレチヘビ亜科 Psammophiinae には約8属50種が含まれる。

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ Lamprophiidae in reptiles database”. ^ クリス・マティソン 『ヘビ大図鑑』、緑書房、2000年、152-177頁
  2. ^ Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Colli GR, de Oca AN, Vitt LJ, Kuczynski CA, Wiens JJ. (2011). “The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees”. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 58 (2): 329-342. PMID 21074626.
 title=
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イエヘビ科: Brief Summary ( Japani )

tarjonnut wikipedia 日本語

イエヘビ科 (Lamprophiidae) はヘビの一つ。約60属300種が属する。ナミヘビ上科に属し、コブラ科と近縁である。ほとんどの種はアフリカに分布するが、東南アジア・中東・ヨーロッパにも数種がいる。

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아프리카집뱀과 ( Korea )

tarjonnut wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

아프리카집뱀과(Lamprophiidae)는 뱀목 뱀아목 참뱀하목에 속하는 파충류 과이다.[1] 아프리카아시아, 아메리카 그리고 유럽에서 발견된다.

하위 분류

아프리카집뱀류(Lamprophids)는 전통적으로 뱀과에 속하는 아프리카집뱀아과(Lamprophiinae)로 분류했다. 아래는 2010년 피론(Pyron et al., 2010) 등의 연구 결과를 토대로 작성한 분류이다.[2]

  • Incertae sedis[1]
    • Buhoma Ziegler, Vences, Glaw & Böhme, 1997
    • Montaspis Bourquin, 1991
    • Oxyrhabdium Boulenger, 1893
    • Psammodynastes Günther, 1858
  • 아파랄락투스아과 (Aparallactinae) Bourgeois, 1968[1][3]
    • Amblyodipsas W. Peters, 1857
    • Aparallactus A. Smith, 1849
    • Brachyophis Mocquard, 1888
    • Chilorhinophis F. Werner, 1907
    • Elapotinus Jan, 1862
    • Hypoptophis Boulenger, 1908
    • Macrelaps Boulenger, 1896
    • Micrelaps Boettger, 1880
    • Polemon (genus)|Polemon Jan, 1858
    • Xenocalamus Günther, 1868
  • 아프리카집뱀아과 (Lamprophiinae) Fitzinger, 1843[1][3]
    • Boaedon A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
    • Bothrolycus Günther, 1874
    • Bothrophthalmus W. Peters, 1863
    • Chamaelycus Boulenger, 1919
    • Dendrolycus Laurent, 1956
    • Gonionotophis Boulenger, 1893
    • Hormonotus Hallowell, 1857
    • Inyoka Kelly, Branch, Broadley, Barker & Villet, 2011
    • Lamprophis Fitzinger, 1843
    • Lycodonomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
    • Lycophidion Fitzinger, 1843
    • Pseudoboodon Peracca, 1897
  • 프삼모피스아과 (Psammophiinae) Dowling, 1967[1][3]
    • Dipsina Jan, 1862
    • Hemirhagerrhis Boettger, 1893
    • Malpolon Fitzinger, 1826
    • Mimophis Günther, 1868
    • Psammophis Fitzinger, 1826
    • Psammophylax Fitzinger, 1843
    • Rhagerhis W. Peters, 1862
    • Rhamphiophis W. Peters, 1854
  • 프세우도시로푸스아과 (Pseudoxyrhophiinae) Dowling, 1975[1][3]
    • Alluaudina Mocquard, 1894
    • Amplorhinus A. Smith, 1847
    • Brygophis Domergue & Bour, 1989
    • Compsophis Mocquard, 1894
    • Ditypophis Günther, 1881
    • Dromicodryas Boulenger, 1893
    • Duberria Fitzinger, 1826
    • Exallodontophis Cadle, 1999
    • Heteroliodon Boettger, 1913
    • Ithycyphus Günther, 1873
    • Langaha Bonnaterre, 1790
    • Leioheterodon Boulenger, 1893
    • Liophidium Boulenger, 1896
    • Liopholidophis Mocquard, 1904
    • Lycodryas Günther, 1879
    • Madagascarophis Mertens, 1952
    • Micropisthodon Mocquard, 1894
    • Pararhadinaea Boettger, 1898
    • Parastenophis Nagy, Glaw & Vences, 2010
    • Phisalixella Nagy, Glaw & Vences, 2010
    • Pseudoxyrhopus Günther, 1881
    • Thamnosophis Jan, 1863

계통 분류

다음은 2013년과 2014년, 피론(Pyron, R.A.), 2016년 정(Zheng, Yuchi)과 존(John J. Wiens) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[4][5][6]

뱀아목    

가는장님뱀과

     

게르호필루스과

     

제노티프롭스과

   

장님뱀과

           

미국실뱀과

       

파이프뱀과

   

난쟁이왕뱀과

       

제노피디온과

         

아시아파이프뱀과

   

가시꼬리뱀과

         

햇살뱀과

     

멕시코비단뱀과

   

비단뱀과

           

제노피디온과

   

왕뱀사촌과

       

칼라바비단뱀과

왕뱀과

마다가스카르나무왕뱀아과

     

운갈리오피스아과

     

태평양왕뱀아과

     

모래왕뱀아과

   

왕뱀아과

                       

줄판비늘뱀과

   

제노데르무스과

       

파레아스과

     

살무사과

       

호말롭시스과

     

람프로피스과

   

코브라과

       

뱀과

                   

각주

  1. Dahms Tierleben. http://www.dahmstierleben.de/systematik/Reptilien/Squamata/Serpentes/colubroidea/lamprophiidae/lamprophiidae.
  2. Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Colli GR, Montes de Oca AN, Vitt LJ, Kuczynski CA, Wiens JJ. 2010. The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58: 329–342. ([1] Archived 2013년 12월 3일 - 웨이백 머신)
  3. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  4. Pyron, R.A.; Frank T Burbrink, John J Wiens 2013. “A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes.”. 《BMC Evol Biol 13: 93》. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
  5. R. ALEXANDER PYRON, R. GRAHAM REYNOLDS & FRANK T. BURBRINK. “A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)” (PDF). 《Zootaxa 3846 (2): 249–260》.
  6. Zheng, Yuchi; John J. Wiens (2016). “Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species” (PDF). 《Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 537–547, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009》. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
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