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There are no known predators of Puerto Rican orioles.
Puerto Rican orioles are black in color, with the exception of a yellow pattern confined to the lower belly and shoulder. Other members of the species complex on different islands have more yellow, such as Hispaniolan orioles (Icterus dominicensis) and Bahama orioles (I. northropi). In contrast, Cuban orioles (I. melanopsis) have more black. There is very little sexual differentiation between males and females. For example, there is little to no difference in color saturation between the males and females. Juveniles are tawny colored often with an olive tint to their rump. Juveniles exhibit delayed plumage maturation in both sexes, which is likely the ancestral state for the genus Icterus.
They are similar in size to other oriole species within their clade. On average, males weigh 41.0 g and females are slightly smaller, weighing approximately 36.6 g. The average wingspan of males and females are 96.9 mm and 92.1 mm, respectively.
Average mass: 38.8 g.
Average wingspan: 94.5 mm.
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; male larger
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
There is no available information about the lifespan of this species.
Puerto Rican orioles are found in tropical and subtropical forests, including mangroves and edge habitats, and especially palm trees. They are often found in agricultural areas such as orchards, citrus groves, and coffee plantations. They are found from sea level up to 1000 m in elevation.
Range elevation: 1000 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural ; riparian
Puerto Rican orioles are endemic to the island of Puerto Rico in the United States, and not found elsewhere. They are closely related to other species in the oriole complex that occupy different Caribbean islands.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native ); oceanic islands (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Puerto Rican orioles feed mostly on insects and on other small invertebrates. They are also known to feed on lizards, fruits, nuts, and grains.
Animal Foods: amphibians; reptiles; insects
Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Insectivore )
Since the diet of Puerto Rican orioles includes fruit, they likely help disperse seeds throughout their habitat.
Coastal area nests are parasitized by shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis), which lay eggs in the nests of Puerto Rican orioles.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
The Puerto Rican Oriole is one of 15 bird species endemic to Puerto Rico, which may generate ecotourism revenue.
Positive Impacts: ecotourism
Previously, I. portoricensis, along with I. northropi, I. melanopsis, and I. dominicensis, were all considered subspecies within Icterus dominicensis. This was documented in Birds of the West Indies in 1936 by ornithologist James Bond. In 2010, each of these was recognized as its own species by the American Ornithologists' Union, based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA, plumage, and song differences. Puerto Rican orioles are part of a subgroup of orioles that includes North American orchard orioles (Icterus spurrius) and hooded orioles (Icterus cucullatus).
Puerto Rican orioles sing as a primary means of communication. Their song is comprised of clicks or “high pitched whistles” and has a frequency range between 3.6 and 5.3 kHz. They combine 15 to 27 different notes to make up their song. It is frequently assumed that only the males sing based on behavior of temperate-zone birds; however, both males and females of many tropical orioles sing. Thus, it is likely that both male and female Puerto Rican orioles sing.
Communication Channels: acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Scientists have not determined the size of the population, but they are considered fairly common to common on the island of Puerto Rico. The population is declining, but is not near vulnerable levels and Puerto Rican orioles are classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN Red List.
US Migratory Bird Act: no special status
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
Fruit is an important part of the Puerto Rican oriole diet, so they may have detrimental effects on the orchards in which they are found.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
Most Icterus species are thought to be monogamous, establishing life-long bonds between males and females.
Mating System: monogamous
Puerto Rican orioles breed primarily from February through July. It is likely that both males and females sing to attract mates, as do many species of tropical orioles. Males and females of closely related Bahama orioles perform duets, so Puerto Rican orioles may do so as well.
Puerto Rican orioles lay about 3 eggs per clutch. Eggs are white with a bluish hue and light lavender-gray-brown speckles and spots. Nests of most species in this subgroup of orioles hang a few inches below branches or palm fronds.
Breeding interval: Puerto Rican orioles breed seasonally.
Breeding season: Breeding season is February through July.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
Little is known about the level of parental involvement in raising young. Similar species such as Bahama orioles are often found in family groups after breeding, which indicates parental investment from both sexes.
Parental Investment: male parental care ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting); pre-hatching/birth (Protecting); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning, Protecting); pre-independence
Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.
La Oropendola de Puertu Ricu meyor conocida nesi país como La Calandria (Icterus portoricensis) ye una especie d'ave na familia Icteridae, y el xéneru Icterus, o Mierlos del Nuevu Mundu. Esta especie ye una parte d'un subgrupu de filomena (Clado A), qu'inclúi la Oriol del Güertu de L'América del Norte (Icterus spurius) y la Oriol de Capiellu (Icterus cucullatus).
El taxón foi arrexuntáu cola Oriol de Cubana (Icterus melanopsis), la Oriol Hispaniola (Icterus dominicensis), y la Oriol de les Bahames (Icterus northropi) como un subspecie de la oriol negru cowled. En 2010, los cuatros recibieron la categoría d'especies dafechu.[1]
Esta especie ye endémica de Puertu Ricu. Los sos hábitats naturales con bosque tropicales y subtropicales, tierres de baxes, montes de manglares tropicales y subtropicales, y plantíos. L'ave prefier los árboles de palmes.[2]
Esti páxaru nun ta cobarde, pero ye dificil pa reparar porque'l prefier forraxe en vexetación trupa. Dempués de reproducción, los adultos y los mozos van quedar nun grupu familiar xuntos. La dieta de la oriol inclúi frutes, inseutos, llagarteses, y nueces y granos.[2]
La Calandria ye paecida a otres especies de la so cládo. En promediu, los machos pesen 41.0 gramos y les femes son un pocu pequeñes, y en promediu pesen 36.6 gramos. El valumbu de los machos y femes son 96.9 y 92.1 mm, respeutivamente.[3] Hai un pocu dicromatismo sexual ente machos y femes. En 2008, Hofmann, Cronin, y Omland fixeron un esperimentu qu'amosó qu'hai poco o niguna diferencia na saturación de color n'el plumaxe ente machos y femes de munches filomenes tropicales, incluyendo la filomena de Puertu Ricu.[4] Los adultos son negru cola esceición d'un pátron de mariellu llindáu al banduyu y el costazu de l'ave. Otros miembros de la complexa especie n'islles distintes tienen más mariellu, como'l Oriol Hispaniola (Icterus domicensis) y el Oriol de les Bahames (Icterus northropi), y otros tienen más negru, como'l oriol de Cubanu (Icterus melanopsis).[2] Los mozos son un color leonado, de cutiu, con un tinte d'oliva a los sos traseros. [3] Mozu esíbense saturación retrasando n'el plumaxe de dambos sexos, que ye l'estáu ancestral probable pal xéneru Icterus.
Suponse frecuentemente, basó d'aves de clima templáu, que machos namái canten; sicasí, en 2009, Price, Lanyon, y Omland fixeron un esperimentu qu'amosó que dambos machos y femes de munches filomenes canten. Ta probable que I. portoricensis porta de manera similar.[5] El cantar del oriol tien clics o "xiblíos de tonu altu"[3] y tien un rangu de frecuencies ente 3.6y 5.3 kHz. L'ave combina ente 25 y 27 notes distintes pa faer los sos cantares.[6]
La mayoría de los miembros d'esti xéneru piénsase que son monógamos, estableciendo venceyos permanentes ente femes y machos. El oriol de Puertu Ricu cría ente febreru y xunetu. La fema pon 3 güevos per niarada.[2] Los güevos son blancu con un tonu d'azul y lluz lila-gris-marrón motudo y llurdios.[3] los niales de la mayoría de les especies d'esti clado faen niales que cuelguen llibremente, de cutiu suspendíos so les palmeres.[2]
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.
The Puerto Rican oriole (Icterus portoricensis) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae, and genus Icterus or New World blackbirds. This species is a part of a subgroup of orioles (Clade A) that includes the North American orchard oriole, Icterus spurius, and the hooded oriole, Icterus cucullatus.
The Puerto Rican oriole was previously grouped with Cuban oriole (Icterus melanopsis), Hispaniolan oriole (Icterus dominicensis), and Bahama oriole (Icterus northropi) as a single species, (Icterus dominicensis). In 2010, all four species became recognized as full species by the American Ornithologists' Union.[2]
The oriole is endemic to Puerto Rico. Its natural habitats are the tropical forests, mangrove forests, and plantations. The bird also shows a natural preference for nesting in palm trees.[3]
After breeding, adult Puerto Rican orioles and their young will remain together in a family group. It primarily forages in dense vegetation looking for a wide range of foods that includes fruits, insects, lizards, and nuts and grains.[3]
Males and females are similar in size and color. Males weigh about 41.0 grams and females weigh about 36.6 g. The average wingspan of males and females is 96.9 and 92.1 mm, respectively.[4] In 2008, Hofmann, Cronin, and Omland, conducted a study that showed there is little color difference in the feathers between the males and females of many tropical orioles, including the Puerto Rican oriole.[5] This means that males and females both have elaborate colors, in contrast many temperate-zoned birds have brightly colored males and dull colored females.
Adults are black with yellow on their lower belly and shoulder. The closely related Hispaniolan oriole (Icterus dominicensis) and Bahama oriole (Icterus northropi) have more yellow on their bodies, but, the Cuban oriole (Icterus melanopsis) has more black.[3]
Juveniles are tawny colored with an olive tint to their rump.[4] Puerto Rican orioles develop their bright colors as they age. The tawny color offers a selective advantage to the adolescents since by helping with camouflage in the dense forest. This is likely the ancestral state for the genus Icterus.
Both males and females of the Puerto Rican oriole sing with no obvious difference in song structure. The song of the Puerto Rican oriole is composed of clicks or “high pitched whistles” [4] and has a frequency range between 3.6 and 5.3 kHz. The bird combines between 15 and 27 different notes to make up their song.[6] Due to gender and geographic bias in studying predominantly male samples of temperate-zone birds, which do not exhibit female song, it has historically been assumed that only males of the Puerto Rican orioles sing.[7] However, in 2009, Price, Lanyon, and Omland conducted a study that shows that both males and females of many tropical orioles sing.[8] This has been substantiated by 2016 documentation of female song in Puerto Rican orioles by Campbell et al., proving that song is not a method of communication solely possessed by males.[9] The research theorizes that the prevalence of female song correlates to a tropical lifestyle wherein there is increased female-female competition and territory defense that necessitates such communication. Additionally, ancestral state reconstruction of the Caribbean oriole clade shows that female song is an ancestral trait.
Most members of this genus are thought to be monogamous, establishing lifelong bonds between males and females. The Puerto Rican oriole breeds primarily from February through July. It lays about three eggs per clutch.[3] The eggs are white with a bluish hue with light lavender-gray-brown speckles and spots.[4] The nests are structured as a basket made from woven fibers of palm material, and are usually suspended from the underside of a palm leaf by two points. One threat to oriole nesting is parasitism by the shiny cowbird, especially in coastal habitats.[3]
]
The Puerto Rican oriole (Icterus portoricensis) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae, and genus Icterus or New World blackbirds. This species is a part of a subgroup of orioles (Clade A) that includes the North American orchard oriole, Icterus spurius, and the hooded oriole, Icterus cucullatus.
The Puerto Rican oriole was previously grouped with Cuban oriole (Icterus melanopsis), Hispaniolan oriole (Icterus dominicensis), and Bahama oriole (Icterus northropi) as a single species, (Icterus dominicensis). In 2010, all four species became recognized as full species by the American Ornithologists' Union.
El turpial puertorriqueño (Icterus portoricensis)[2] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae endémica de la isla de Puerto Rico.
Esta especie es una parte de un subgrupo de Icterus (clado A), que incluye al turpial castaño (Icterus spurius) y el turpial enmascarado (Icterus cucullatus).
El turpial puertorriqueño fue agrupado con el turpial cubano (Icterus melanopsis), el turpial de La Española (Icterus dominicensis) y el turpial de las Bahamas (Icterus northropi) un una sola especie (Icterus dominicensis). En 2010, los cuatro recibieron la categoría de especies separadas.[3]
Esta especie es endémica de Puerto Rico. Sus hábitats naturales con bosques tropicales y subtropicales, tierras de bajas, bosques de manglares tropicales y subtropicales, y plantaciones. El ave prefiere estar en los árboles de palmas.[4]
El turpial puertorriqueño es parecida a otras especies de su cládo. En promedio, los machos pesan 41.0 gramos y las hembras son un poco pequeñas, y en promedio pesan 36.6 gramos. La envergadura de los machos y hembras son 96.9 y 92.1 mm, respectivamente.[5] Hay un poco dicromatismo sexual entre machos y hembras. En 2008, Hofmann, Cronin, y Omland hicieron un experimento que mostró que hay poca o ninguna diferencia en la saturación de color en el plumaje entre machos y hembras de muchas oropéndolas tropicales, incluyendo la oropéndola de Puerto Rico.[6] Los adultos son negro con la excepción de un pátron de amarillo limitado a la panza y el hombro del ave. Otros miembros de la compleja especie en islas diferentes tienen más amarillo, como el Oriol Hispaniola (Icterus domicensis) y el Oriol de las Bahamas (Icterus northropi), y otros tienen más negro, como el oriol de Cubano (Icterus melanopsis).[4] Los jóvenes son un color leonado, a menudo, con un tinte de oliva a sus traseros.[5] Jóvenes se exhiben saturación retrasando en el plumaje de ambos sexos, que es el estado ancestral probable para el género Icterus.
Este pájaro no está tímido, pero es difícil para observar porque el prefiere forraje en vegetación densa. Después de reproducción, los adultos y los jóvenes se quedarán en un grupo familiar juntos. La dieta de la oriol incluye frutas, insectos, lagartijas, y nueces y granos.[4]
Se supone frecuentemente, basó de aves de clima templado, que machos sólo cantan; sin embargo, en 2009, Price, Lanyon, y Omland hicieron un experimento que mostró que ambos machos y hembras de muchas oropéndolas cantan. Está probable que I. portoricensis comporta de manera similar.[7] La canción del oriol tiene clics o "silbidos de tono alto"[5] y tiene un rango de frecuencias entre 3.6y 5.3 kHz. El ave combina entre 25 y 27 notas diferentes para hacer sus canciones.[8]
La mayoría de los miembros de este género se piensa que son monógamos, estableciendo vínculos permanentes entre hembras y machos. El oriol de Puerto Rico cría entre febrero y julio. La hembra pone 3 huevos por nidada.[4] Los huevos son blanco con un tono de azul y luz lila-gris-marrón moteado y manchas.[5] los nidos de la mayoría de las especies de este clado hacen nidos que cuelgan libremente, a menudo suspendidos bajo las palmeras.[4]
El turpial puertorriqueño (Icterus portoricensis) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae endémica de la isla de Puerto Rico.
Icterus portoricensis Icterus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Icteridae familian sailkatua dago.
Icterus portoricensis Icterus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Icteridae familian sailkatua dago.
Icterus portoricensis
L'Oriole de Porto Rico (Icterus portoricensis) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des ictéridés, endémique de Porto Rico.
Cette espèce est endémique de Porto Rico.
Icterus portoricensis
L'Oriole de Porto Rico (Icterus portoricensis) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des ictéridés, endémique de Porto Rico.
De Puertoricaanse troepiaal (Icterus portoricensis) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).
Deze soort is endemisch in Puerto Rico, gelegen in het oostelijk deel van de Caraïbische Zee.
De Puertoricaanse troepiaal (Icterus portoricensis) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).
Icterus portoricensis er en fugl i trupialfamilien som er endemisk for Puerto Rico.
Denne ornitologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den. Icterus portoricensis er en fugl i trupialfamilien som er endemisk for Puerto Rico.
Puertoricotrupial[2] (Icterus portoricensis) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar.[3] Den förekommer enbart på Puerto Rico.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1] Tidigare betraktades bahamatrupial, puertoricotrupial, kubatrupial och hispaniolatrupial som en och samma art, I. dominicensis.
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Puertoricotrupial.
Wikispecies har information om Icterus portoricensis.
Denna artikel behöver bilder. Har du en passande fri bild får du gärna ladda upp den.
Puertoricotrupial (Icterus portoricensis) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar. Den förekommer enbart på Puerto Rico. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig. Tidigare betraktades bahamatrupial, puertoricotrupial, kubatrupial och hispaniolatrupial som en och samma art, I. dominicensis.
Icterus portoricensis là một loài chim trong họ Icteridae.[1]
