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Greater yellow-shouldered bats are commonly found on the eastern slopes of the northern Andes Mountains in montane forests. They are also found in tropical forests near the Amazon River. They prefer undisturbed tropical forests for nesting sites, but specific roosting sites are unknown. Greater yellow-shouldered bats are most often found in tropical forests where the mean annual precipitation is greater than 400 cm and the mean annual temperature is greater than 24 degrees Celsius.
In Bolivia greater yellow-shouldered bats are typically found at elevations of 685 to 1650 m but have been recorded as high as 2300 m. In Columbia and Peru they are typically found below 300 m in tropical rainforests by the Amazon River. There appears to be a vertical range pattern associated with latitude. In areas north of 5 °S, their vertical range is 100 to 915 m. Areas south of 5 °S, their vertical range is expanded to 200 to 2300 m.
This species is often found in similar areas as Sturnira lilium, which often roost in hollow trees. Sturnira magna may also roost in hollow trees.
Range elevation: 100 to 2300 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical
Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest ; mountains
Sturnira magna is a frugivore and likely plays a role in seed dispersal for the plants on which they feed. Greater yellow-shouldered bats are parasitized by Anastrebla delatorrei and Capillaria.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Positive impacts of greater yellow-shouldered bats on humans are unknown.
There are no known adverse effects of greater yellow-shouldered bats on humans.
In 2008, Sturnira magna was declared a species least concern by the IUCN. Its wide distribution makes the species unlikely to be declining at a fast rate. In Bolivia, however, S. magna is considered vulnerable due to habitat loss by deforestation.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
Like all Phyllostomids, greater yellow-shouldered bats echolocate. Other species in the genus Sturnira tend to have low intensity, high frequency patterns that are less specialized than those of insectivorous species due to the sessile nature of their food. This is common in bats that forage under the canopy. Echolocation, however, has not been studied specifically in Sturnira magna.
Perception Channels: tactile ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
The specific epithet, magna, refers to the large size of Sturnira magna within the genus Sturnira.
Greater yellow-shouldered bats are low flying frugivores. They feed alone at night and pick fruits from trees. They consume picked fruits away from the tree. Greater yellow-shouldered bats consume fruits from the family Solanacea and have been captured near gardens containing bananas (Musa) and papaya (Carica papaya). A similar species, Sturnira erythromos, feeds on fruits of the genus Solanum.
Plant Foods: fruit
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Greater yellow-shouldered bats are found in South America, often along the northern Andes Mountains or in forests near the Amazon River. Specifically, they are found in south-central Columbia, eastern Ecuador and Peru, and northwestern Bolivia.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
Lifespan of greater yellow-shouldered bats is currently unknown. Sturnira lilium can live approximately 20 years in the wild.
Greater yellow-shouldered bats in the southern part of their range have a yellow-brown pelage. In the northern part of their range, pelage is browner. Dorsal hairs are gray or yellow at the base and brown or gray at the tip. Greater yellow-shouldered bats often have spots at the shoulders, from which the common name is derived. Ventral pelage is pale yellow or brown, is darker toward the posterior, and is paler than the dorsal side. Individual hairs are tricolored.
Greater yellow-shouldered bats are tailless and have a reduced uropatagium. Like all members of Sturnira, this species has a enlarged third digit. They weigh from 43.1 to 50.0 g and measure 85 to 90 mm in length. Males tend to be slightly larger than females and have slightly longer skulls and a longer maxillary toothrow. Females occasionally have yellowish-brown hairs on their shoulders.
Greater yellow-shouldered bats have trilobed incisors. The dental formula is I2/2, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3 for a total of 32 teeth. The presence of two lower incisors distinguishes S. magna from two other species in the genus Sturnira. Well developed cusps on the first two molars distinguish this species from five other species in the genus.
Range mass: 43.1 to 50.0 g.
Range length: 85 to 90 mm.
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; sexes colored or patterned differently
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Predators of greater yellow-shouldered bats are currently unknown.
Little is known about the mating behavior of greater yellow-shouldered bats.
Little is known regarding the reproductive behavior of greater yellow-shouldered bats. In a related species, Sturnira lilium, reproduction occurs twice a year, once in the dry season and once in the wet season. Gestation of S. lilium produces a single offspring each breeding season for an annual total of two pups. Pregnant greater yellow-shouldered bats have been found in February (dry season) and May (wet season) indicating a similar reproductive pattern. Lactating females have been captured in Columbia in May. Males with enlarged testes have been found in May and July.
Breeding interval: Greater yellow-shouldered bats are thought to reproduces once in the wet season and once in the dry season.
Breeding season: The specific breeding seasons of greater yellow-shouldered bats are unknown.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual
Little is known regarding parental investment of greater yellow-shouldered bats. As mammals, females lactate until pups are weaned.
Parental Investment: pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
El ratpenat d'espatlles grogues de De La Torre (Sturnira magna) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids. Viu a Bolívia, el Brasil, Colòmbia, l'Equador i el Perú. El seu hàbitat natural són zones humides i els boscos tropicals de fulla perenne, boscos de terres baixes i en les zones de muntanya. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectada pels cultius il·lícits a Colòmbia. A Bolívia, els hàbitats de boscos montans es veuen amenaçats. A Bolívia, l'espècie es considera vulnerable.[1]
El ratpenat d'espatlles grogues de De La Torre (Sturnira magna) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids. Viu a Bolívia, el Brasil, Colòmbia, l'Equador i el Perú. El seu hàbitat natural són zones humides i els boscos tropicals de fulla perenne, boscos de terres baixes i en les zones de muntanya. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectada pels cultius il·lícits a Colòmbia. A Bolívia, els hàbitats de boscos montans es veuen amenaçats. A Bolívia, l'espècie es considera vulnerable.
The greater yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira magna) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The greater yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira magna) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Sturnira magna es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae.
Se encuentra en Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú.
Sturnira magna es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae.
Sturnira magna Sturnira generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Stenodermatinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Sturnira magna Sturnira generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Stenodermatinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Sturnira magna (de la Torre, 1966) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso nell'America meridionale.[1][2]
Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 69 e 90 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 58,4 e 61,6 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 14 e 21 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 19 e 25 mm e un peso fino a 67 g.[3]
La pelliccia è con i singoli peli di quattro colori. Le parti dorsali variano dal giallo-brunastro al bruno-grigiastro con la base dei peli bianco-grigiastra o giallastra, mentre le parti ventrali sono gialle, marroni o grigie. Il muso è corto e largo. La foglia nasale è marrone scura o bruno-nerastra, ben sviluppata e lanceolata, con la porzione anteriore saldata al labbro superiore. Le orecchie sono marroni scure o bruno-nerastre, corte, triangolari, con l'estremità arrotondata ed ampiamente separate. Il trago è corto ed affusolato. Le membrane alari sono marroni scure o bruno-nerastre e attaccate posteriormente sulle caviglie. I piedi sono ricoperti di peli. È privo di coda, mentre l'uropatagio è ridotto ad una frangia di peli lungo la parte interna degli arti inferiori. Il calcar è corto. Il cariotipo è 2n=30 FNa=56.
Si nutre di frutta, particolarmente di Solanaceae.
Femmine gravide sono state catturate nei mesi di novembre, dicembre, febbraio e maggio.
Questa specie è diffusa in Colombia, Ecuador orientale, Perù, Brasile, Bolivia centro-occidentale e nello stato brasiliano di Acre.
Vive nelle foreste tropicali sempreverdi, foreste montane e di pianura fino a 2.300 metri di altitudine.
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica S.magna come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Sturnira magna (de la Torre, 1966) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso nell'America meridionale.
Sturnira magna is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door de la Torre in 1966.
De soort komt voor in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazilië en Bolivia.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesSturnira magna is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door de la Torre in 1966.
Sturnira magna é uma espécie de morcego da família Phyllostomidae. Pode ser encontrada na Colômbia, Brasil, Equador, Peru e Bolívia.[2]
Sturnira magna é uma espécie de morcego da família Phyllostomidae. Pode ser encontrada na Colômbia, Brasil, Equador, Peru e Bolívia.
Sturnira magna[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av De la Torre 1966. Sturnira magna ingår i släktet Sturnira och familjen bladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]
Denna fladdermus blir 85 till 90 mm lång (huvud och bål), saknar svans och väger 43 till 50 g. Den har gulbrun till mörkbrun päls på ovansidan och ljusare brunaktig päls på undersidan. Hos flera individer är regionen kring axlarna tydlig gulaktig. Kännetecknande för arten är två framtänder i underkäken och tydliga knölar på den första och andra molaren.[6]
Arten förekommer i nordvästra Sydamerika från Colombia till Bolivia. Habitatet utgörs av fuktiga städsegröna skogar i låglandet och i Anderna.[1] Sturnira magna når i bergstrakter 2300 meter över havet.[6]
Individerna äter främst frukter och föredrar växter från potatisväxtfamiljen (Solanaceae).[1] De vilar antagligen i trädens håligheter. Denna fladdermus är nattaktiv och orienterar sig med hjälp av ekolokalisering. Fortplantningssättet och livslängden antas vara lika som hos andra arter av samma släkte.[6]
Sturnira magna är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av De la Torre 1966. Sturnira magna ingår i släktet Sturnira och familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Країни проживання: Болівія, Бразилія, Колумбія, Еквадор, Перу. Значною мірою пов'язаний з вологими місцями проживання і тропічними вічнозеленими лісами, низинними лісами і гірськими районами.
Плодоїдний.
У Болівії, місця проживання гірських лісів знаходяться під загрозою. Проживає в деяких природоохоронних територіях.
Sturnira magna là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được de la Torre mô tả năm 1966.[1]
Sturnira magna là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được de la Torre mô tả năm 1966.
큰노랑어깨박쥐(Sturnira magna)는 주걱박쥐과(신세계잎코박쥐과)에 속하는 남아메리카 박쥐의 일종이다.[2] 볼리비아, 콜롬비아, 에콰도르, 페루에서 발견된다.[1]
보통 크기의 박쥐로 몸길이가 69~90mm이고 전완장이 58.4~61.6mm이다. 발 길이는 14~21mm, 귀 길이는 19~25mm이고 몸무게는 최대 67g이다.[3] 등 쪽 털은 갈색빛 노랑부터 회색빛 갈색까지 다양하지만 배 쪽은 노랑과 갈색 또는 회색이다. 주둥이는 짧고 넓다. 잎코는 짙은 갈색 또는 거무스레한 갈색을 띠고 잘 발달해 있고 창 모양이다. 귀는 짙은 갈색 또는 거무스레한 갈색이고 짧은 삼각형 형태이고 끝이 둥글다. 핵형은 2n=30, FNa=56이다.
먹아로 특히 가지과 나무 열매를 먹는다. 11월과 12월, 2월, 5월에 임신한 암컷이 포획된다.
캄보디아와 에콰도르 동부, 페루, 브라질, 볼리비아 중서부, 브라질 아크리주에 널리 분포한다. 해발 최대 2,300m 이하의 열대 상록수림과 산지림, 저지대 숲에서 서식한다.
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