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Known predators of S. lilium include humans, snakes, opossums, raptors, monkeys, and spectral bats (Evelyn and Stiles, 2003). Many of these predators are avoided by night foraging. Their dark color helps conceal them during foraging periods and flight is an advantage in escaping non-volant predators.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Little yellow-shouldered bats are medium-sized bats with total lengths of 62 to 65 mm, forearm lengths of 36.6 to 45.0 mm, and average wingspan of 30 cm (Vieira and Carvalho-Okano, 1994). Males tend to have slightly larger total length and cranial measurements than females (Gannon et al., 1989). Typical mass is 13 to 18g (Evelyn and Stiles, 2003). They have short, broad ears with a tragus that is one-third the size of the ear. They also have distinct nose leaves. No tail is present and calcars are extremely small or absent. Coloring varies by gender, age, and geography. Dorsal fur can be dark gray to reddish-brown and the ventral fur is always lighter than the dorsal fur. The head, neck, and shoulder hairs have a yellow tint due to yellow hair shafts and with dark-brown tips. Males tend to have yellow to red stained shoulder hairs that look like straps on a soldier’s uniform due to an excretion from their shoulder glands. It is this coloring that gives S. lilium the common name "little yellow-shouldered bat." The patagia is solid brown (Gannon et al., 1989).
Little yellow-shouldered bats are homoiothermic, with an average body temperature of 36.4 degrees Celsius and a range from 34 to 38 degrees Celsius. They have been known to survive with a body temperature of 41 degrees Celsius (Gannon et al., 1989).
Range mass: 13 to 18 g.
Range length: 62 to 65 mm.
Average wingspan: 30 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; sexes colored or patterned differently
Little yellow-shouldered bats live for approximately 20 years in the wild.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 20 years.
Little yellow-shouldered bats occupy many different types of forest habitats, including mountainous forests (Mello, Kalko, and Silva, 2008), semi-deciduous tropical rainforests, and humid and semi-arid forests. They are also found in tropical lowlands and open areas, such as fields or farmland. They are common near streams or other bodies of water. They are not found at elevations over 1,000 m (Gannon et al., 1989). Little yellow-shouldered bats commonly roost in tree cavities in lower canopy levels, especially in mature trees with diameters 50% larger than surrounding trees. They prefer to roost in the tree species: Pimenta dioica, Metopium brownei, Vitex gaumeri, and Pseudobombax ellipticum, most likely because the heartwood of these trees easily decays, resulting in hollows (Evelyn and Stiles, 2003). They also roost in manmade structures and caves (Gannon et al., 1989).
Range elevation: 0 to 1000 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural ; riparian ; caves
Little yellow-shouldered bats are found in the neotropics, ranging from North Mexico (including Sonora and Tamaulipas) through Central America and tropical and subtropical South America to Chile. This includes northern Argentina, eastern and southern Brazil, and the Lesser Antilles.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native ); oceanic islands (Native )
Little yellow-shouldered bats are frugivorous. They prefer to eat fruits of plants in the Solanaceae family (nightshade family). When they are unavailable or low in abundance, these bats supplement their diet with fruits of the Piperaceae (pepper) and Cecropiaceae (nettles or cecropias) families (Mello, Kalko, and Silva, 2008). They occasionally drink nectar. Little yellow-shouldered bats begins foraging at dusk and tend to forage in the forest understory (Evelyn and Stiles, 2003). They search for food in shrubs and low trees but also forage at canopy level. They handle understory fruit quickly and canopy fruit slowly. Little yellow-shouldered bats can consume several fruits in a 5 to 15 minute time period. After eating, they pause to digest food, usually excreting within 20 minutes of consumption. They forage for up to 4 hours nightly (Bonaccorso, 1987).
Plant Foods: fruit; nectar
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Little yellow-shouldered bats are important in the dispersal of seeds of tropical plants, especially those of the Solanaceae family (Mello, Kalko, and Silva, 2008). They are the primary dispersers of seeds of Solanum riparium (Iudica and Bonaccorso, 1997). They are also important pollinators of Mabea fistulifera and other flowering plants (Vieira and Carvalho-Okano, 1994). Their seed dispersal and pollination roles make them important in the regeneration of forests.
Many parasite species use little yellow-shouldered bats as hosts. Endoparasites, such as nematodes, and ectoparasites, such as mites, bat flies, and ticks are all found on this species (Gannon et al., 1989).
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates; creates habitat
Mutualist Species:
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
In addition to helping regenerate economically valuable forest habitats, little yellow-shouldered bats and other frugivorous bats have positive impacts on farming and agriculture. They help in the pollination of crops and shade and support trees. Citrus, cocoa, coffee, allspice, mixed vegetation, and live fence vegetation have all been reported to benefit from these bats. Despite their appetite for fruit, farmers report that frugivorous bats such as S. lilium are not destructive to their main crops (Estrada, Coates-Estrada, and Meritt, 1993).
Positive Impacts: food ; pollinates crops
Little yellow-shouldered bats have few negative impacts on humans. The most notable would be their potential to carry disease and viruses such as rabies, but interactions with humans are rare.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (causes disease in humans ); causes or carries domestic animal disease
Little yellow-shouldered bats tolerate and adapt to deforestation well compared to other species. They are the most abundant bat species in disturbed forest areas. Deforestation is a concern, however, because of their preference for roosting in large diameter, mature trees that are often harvested first (Evelyn and Stiles, 2003). Neither the IUCN Red List, US Federal List, or CITES suggest S. lilium is a species to be concerned about at this time.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Little yellow-shouldered bats use echolocation to navigate. Because they are frugivorous, their echolocation is not as specialized as bats that feed on insects. They use echolocation frequencies with low duty frequency and four harmonics. Low duty frequencies are excellent for short-range detection (Jennings et al., 2004). Little yellow-shouldered bats, like other bats, use vocalizations in frequencies audible to humans to communicate as well. The reduced horseshoe and spear structures on the noseleaf may suggest that these bats use olfaction to find food (Arita, 1990). Although nocturnal, little yellow-shouldered bats use visual information to evaluate their surroundings. Phyllostomids, including little yellow-shouldered bats, have larger visual centers in their brain compared to other bats, suggesting that vision plays a more significant role in their lives. Their night vision exceeds that of humans, which is a benefit when foraging. The yellow shoulder color of males also suggests that vision is important in sexual selection (Altringham and Fenton, 2006). The spicy smelling pheromones secreted from the shoulders of males are also important forms of chemical communication between potential mates (Gannon et al., 1989; Altringham and Fenton, 2006).
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
The mating systems of Sturnira lilium have not been extensively studied. Other phyllostomids do not tend to be promiscuous (Wilkinson and McCracken, 2006). Little yellow-shouldered bats tend to roost individually and the ratio of male testes size to body mass is relatively low, suggesting that sperm competition is not very high between males. Both of these factors decrease the likelihood of promiscuity in S. lilium, but the possibility cannot be ruled out. More research on the mating systems of S. lilium is needed. Reproduction of males corresponds with receptivity in females (Fleming, Hooper, and Wilson, 1972) and adult males secrete a strong scent from their shoulder glands attract a mate. This scent is what gives their fur the yellow coloration on their shoulders (Gannon et al., 1989).
Little yellow-shouldered bats exhibit seasonal, bimodal polyestry (Fleming, Hooper, and Wilson, 1972), reproducing twice a year, once in the dry season and once in the rainy season. There is also a pattern of bimodal peaks in pregnancy and lactation in females bats, but pregnancy has been recorded in every month of the year (Nowak, 1991). Reproductive activity peaks in three periods throughout the year, generally February to June, October, and December (Fleming, Hooper, and Wilson, 1972). The exact length of gestation is unknown, gestation length in other phyllostomids is from four to seven months (Grzimek, 1990). Females give birth to one pup, but births occur twice a year, once towards the end of the dry season and once in the middle-to-late rainy season (Stoner, 2001). Biologists debate whether this seasonal birthing pattern is triggered by food availability or temperature cues (Mello, Kalko, and Silva, 2008). Information birth mass is unavailablebut, phyllostomids have the largest young to maternal mass ratio of any other bat family, with young weighing up to 14% of adult weight at birth (Grzimek, 1990). This larger birth mass is most likely the result of a longer gestation period, allowing for faster post-natal growth of young. Young phyllostomids are born with well developed hind limbs, open eyes, and fur when born. It takes from 5 to 20 weeks to wean young (Kurta and Kunz, 1987). Young phyllostomids tend to become independent 1 month after birth. Juveniles reach sexual or reproductive maturity at 8 to 11 months of age (Fleming, Hooper, and Wilson, 1972).
Breeding interval: Little yellow-shouldered bats breed twice yearly.
Breeding season: Little yellow-shouldered bat reproduction seems to peak at 3 times during the year, although reproduction may occur year-round.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Range gestation period: 4 to 7 months.
Range weaning age: 5 to 20 weeks.
Average time to independence: 1 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 8 to 11 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 8 to 11 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
It is unclear whether females use maternity colonies to raise young. Though the young are well developed when born, they must be nursed by their mother for several weeks after birth. Male parental investment has not been documented. Frugivorous bats are more likely than carnivorous or insectivorous bats to carry young while foraging, so it is possible that females carry their young when looking for food (Jones, 2000).
Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Distribucion General: Desde México hasta el norte de Argentina, Uruguay y este de Brasil; Antillas Menores ; Trinidad y Tobago. Se localiza desde las tierras bajas hasta los 1.600m.s.n.m.
Pequeño y regordete. La parte dorsal es usualmente café anaranjado y en ocasiones parduzco o anaranjado brillante. Tiene manchas en los hombros de color amarillo profundo, anaranjado o rojo oscuro (manchas presentes en los machos grandes). La parte ventral es más pálida que la parte dorsal. El pelaje es corto, mide de 3-5mm. y es suave. El hocico es obtuso y la frente redondeada. Las orejas y la hoja nasal son cortas. El uropatagio es muy reducido y bastante peludo. Las patas son musculosas, bastante peludas sobre el borde interno y escasamente velludas sobre las rodillas y la membrana alar, contigua. Los antebrazos son tenuemente velludos en las superficies superior e inferior.
El ratpenat d'espatlles grogues flor de lis (Sturnira lilium) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids. Viu a Anguilla, Antigua i Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Barbados, Belize, Bolívia, el Brasil, Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Dominica, l'Equador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Hondures, Martinica, Mèxic (Sonora, Tamaulipas), Illa de Montserrat, Antilles Neerlandeses, Panamà, Paraguai, Perú, Saint Christopher i Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent i les Grenadines, Trinitat i Tobago, Uruguai, Illes Verges Britàniques i Illes Verges Nord-americanes. El seu hàbitat natural són selves per assecar o boscos de muntanya. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
El ratpenat d'espatlles grogues flor de lis (Sturnira lilium) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids. Viu a Anguilla, Antigua i Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Barbados, Belize, Bolívia, el Brasil, Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Dominica, l'Equador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Hondures, Martinica, Mèxic (Sonora, Tamaulipas), Illa de Montserrat, Antilles Neerlandeses, Panamà, Paraguai, Perú, Saint Christopher i Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent i les Grenadines, Trinitat i Tobago, Uruguai, Illes Verges Britàniques i Illes Verges Nord-americanes. El seu hàbitat natural són selves per assecar o boscos de muntanya. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
The little yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira lilium) is a bat species from South and Central America. It is a frugivore and an effective seed disperser.[2][3]
It roosts alone in tree cavities, on branches, vines, and under palm leaves, usually keeping to the same roosts day to day.[4][5] There is evidence to suggest hypothermia is a thermoregulatory strategy to help adjust metabolic levels.[6] Ambient temperature has been noted as a greater influence on mating than food availability.[7] Its wing shape can also be affected by pregnancy in order to make flight more efficient.[8]
Little yellow-shouldered bat Wingspan
Little yellow-shouldered bat teeth (mature female)
Little yellow-shouldered bat wingspan (transparent) (mature female)
The little yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira lilium) is a bat species from South and Central America. It is a frugivore and an effective seed disperser.
It roosts alone in tree cavities, on branches, vines, and under palm leaves, usually keeping to the same roosts day to day. There is evidence to suggest hypothermia is a thermoregulatory strategy to help adjust metabolic levels. Ambient temperature has been noted as a greater influence on mating than food availability. Its wing shape can also be affected by pregnancy in order to make flight more efficient.
Sturnira lilium es una especie de murciélago microquiróptero de la familia Phyllostomidae.
Se encuentra en Sudamérica y América Central.
Sturnira lilium es una especie de murciélago microquiróptero de la familia Phyllostomidae.
Sturnira lilium Sturnira generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Stenodermatinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Sturnira lilium Sturnira generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Stenodermatinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Chauve-souris à épaules jaunes commune, Sturnire fleur de lys, Phyllostome fleur de lys
La Chauve-souris à épaules jaunes commune (Sturnira lilium), aussi appelée Sturnire fleur de lys ou Phyllostome fleur de lys, est une espèce de chauves-souris de la famille des Phyllostomidae.
Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (22 décembre 2015)[1] :
Cette espèce vit au Mexique, en Amérique centrale et en Amérique du Sud.
Chauve-souris à épaules jaunes commune, Sturnire fleur de lys, Phyllostome fleur de lys
La Chauve-souris à épaules jaunes commune (Sturnira lilium), aussi appelée Sturnire fleur de lys ou Phyllostome fleur de lys, est une espèce de chauves-souris de la famille des Phyllostomidae.
Sturnira lilium (E.Geoffroy, 1810) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso in America centrale, meridionale e nei Caraibi.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 54 e 65 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 37 e 42 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 12 e 15 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 15 e 18 mm e un peso fino a 18 g.[3]
La pelliccia è corta, soffice, densa e vellutata. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-arancioni, talvolta grigiastre o arancioni brillanti, mentre le parti ventrali sono più chiare. Sono presenti dei ciuffi di lunghi peli gialli, arancioni o rossi scuri intorno a delle ghiandole situate su ogni spalla. Il muso è corto e largo. La foglia nasale è ben sviluppata e lanceolata, con la porzione anteriore saldata al labbro superiore. Le orecchie sono corte, triangolari, con l'estremità arrotondata ed ampiamente separate. Il trago è corto ed affusolato. Le membrane alari sono marroni e attaccate posteriormente sulle caviglie. È privo di coda, mentre l'uropatagio è ridotto ad una frangia di peli lungo la parte interna degli arti inferiori. Il calcar è rudimentale. Il cariotipo è 2n=30 FNa=56.
Si rifugia in piccoli gruppi all'interno di grotte, edifici e cavità degli alberi.
Si nutre di frutta, particolarmente del genere Piper, Solanaceae, Melastomataceae, datteri, banane e fichi selvatici, ma anche di insetti e polline.
Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta all'anno. Femmine gravide sono state catturate in ogni mese dell'anno.
Questa specie è diffusa dagli stati messicani settentrionali di Sonora e Tamaulipas, attraverso tutta l'America centrale e meridionale fino all'Argentina settentrionale e all'Uruguay. È inoltre presente nelle Piccole Antille.
Vive in diversi tipi di habitat, dalle foreste umide subtropicali alle regioni aride fino a 1.000 metri di altitudine.
Sono state riconosciute 7 sottospecie:
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa e la presenza in diverse aree protette, classifica S.lilium come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Sturnira lilium (E.Geoffroy, 1810) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso in America centrale, meridionale e nei Caraibi.
De geelschoudervleermuis (Sturnira lilium) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door É. Geoffroy in 1810.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Żółtobarczyk mały[3], liścionos żółtobarki[4] (Sturnira lilium) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny liścionosowatych[5].
Występuje w lasach nizinnych od północnego Meksyku do Paragwaju i Argentyny oraz na Jamajce.
Liścionos żółtobarki żywi się dojrzałymi owocami. Śpi samotnie lub w małych grupach w starych budynkach, dziuplach drzew i w koronach palm.
W północnej części obszaru występowania nietoperz ten rozmnaża się przez cały rok, natomiast na południu młode rodzą się w maju lub w czerwcu. Samice wydają zazwyczaj na świat zazwyczaj 1 młode.
Żółtobarczyk mały, liścionos żółtobarki (Sturnira lilium) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny liścionosowatych.
Sturnira lilium é uma espécie de morcego da família Phyllostomidae descrita por É. Geoffroy, em 1810. Popularmente, morcegos do gênero Sturnira costumam ser chamados de Morcegos-de-ombro-amarelo, graças à coloração característica de seus ombros.
Estudos recentes[3] vêm demonstrando que a espécie é restrita à região central, sudeste e sul da América do Sul, incluindo os biomas Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Caatinga, Pantanal, Pampa e Chaco, bem como algumas áreas da Amazônia.
Por muito tempo, acreditou-se que a distribuição da espécie englobava também o norte da América do sul e a América Central, mas Velazco e Patterson,[3] em um abrangente estudo, mostraram que indivíduos destas regiões pertencem à outras espécies do gênero Sturnira, algumas delas ainda não descritas.
Morcegos da subfamília Stenodermatinae, incluindo Sturnira lilium, são importantes dispersores de sementes, graças ao seu hábito alimentar quase que exclusivamente frugívoro.
As glândulas presentes em seus ombros liberam odores característicos, provavelmente associados à feromônios sexuais.
Quando comparado à outros morcegos de sua família, Sturnira lilium parece ser particularmente mais resistente à climas frios, mas as causas para essa tolerância ainda não são conhecidas.
Mello (2006)[4] listou 28 famílias e 83 espécies de plantas na dieta de Sturnira lilium, com base na literatura e seu próprio estudo. Dentre estas, destaca-se a forte preferência destes morcegos aos frutos de Solanáceas, e em menor grau, aos frutos de Piperáceas, Urticáceas, Bombanáceas e Moráceas.
Morcegos costumam ser parasitados por diversas espécies de insetos. Muitas vezes, a relação é tão forte que algumas espécies de insetos são encontradas exclusivamente em determinada espécie de morcego. Dentre os parasitas já encontrados em Sturnira lilium, destacam-se Aspidoptera falcata, Megistopoda proxima, Trichobius, entre outros.
Sturnira lilium é uma espécie de morcego da família Phyllostomidae descrita por É. Geoffroy, em 1810. Popularmente, morcegos do gênero Sturnira costumam ser chamados de Morcegos-de-ombro-amarelo, graças à coloração característica de seus ombros.
Sturnira lilium[2][3] är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av E. Geoffroy 1810. Sturnira lilium ingår i släktet Sturnira och familjen bladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 8 underarter.[2]
Arten förekommer i Central- och Sydamerika från Mexiko till Uruguay och norra Argentina. Den hittas även på Små Antillerna. Sturnira lilium vistas vanligen i låglandet och i lägre bergstrakter upp till 800 meter över havet. I undantagsfall når den 1600 meter över havet. Habitatet varierar mellan fuktiga och torra skogar och dessutom besöks andra områden med träd.[1]
Denna fladdermus föredrar frukter från potatisväxtfamiljen (Solanaceae) vad som skiljer den från andra arter av samma släkte. De andra äter främst från mullbärsväxter och nässelväxter. Honor har oftast två kullar per år och det finns starka indikationer att de parar sig kort efter ungarnas födelse igen. På hanarnas axlar finns en doftkörtel och sekretet har en tydlig stark kryddig lukt[6] som troligen är viktig under parningstiden.[1] Per kull föds allmänt en unge.[7]
Sturnira lilium blir 48 till 69 mm lång och den saknar svans. Underarmarna blir 38 till 47 mm långa och vikten är 14 till 26 g. Pälsens färg på ovansidan är orangebrun till gråbrun och på undersidan förekommer ljusare päls i samma färg. Dessutom finns på axlarna ljusare päls. Även bakbenen med undantag av fötterna är glest täckta med hår.[7]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Sturnira lilium.
Wikispecies har information om Sturnira lilium.
Sturnira lilium är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av E. Geoffroy 1810. Sturnira lilium ingår i släktet Sturnira och familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 8 underarter.
Arten förekommer i Central- och Sydamerika från Mexiko till Uruguay och norra Argentina. Den hittas även på Små Antillerna. Sturnira lilium vistas vanligen i låglandet och i lägre bergstrakter upp till 800 meter över havet. I undantagsfall når den 1600 meter över havet. Habitatet varierar mellan fuktiga och torra skogar och dessutom besöks andra områden med träd.
Denna fladdermus föredrar frukter från potatisväxtfamiljen (Solanaceae) vad som skiljer den från andra arter av samma släkte. De andra äter främst från mullbärsväxter och nässelväxter. Honor har oftast två kullar per år och det finns starka indikationer att de parar sig kort efter ungarnas födelse igen. På hanarnas axlar finns en doftkörtel och sekretet har en tydlig stark kryddig lukt som troligen är viktig under parningstiden. Per kull föds allmänt en unge.
Sturnira lilium blir 48 till 69 mm lång och den saknar svans. Underarmarna blir 38 till 47 mm långa och vikten är 14 till 26 g. Pälsens färg på ovansidan är orangebrun till gråbrun och på undersidan förekommer ljusare päls i samma färg. Dessutom finns på axlarna ljusare päls. Även bakbenen med undantag av fötterna är glest täckta med hår.
Країни проживання: Ангілья, Антигуа і Барбуда, Аргентина, Аруба, Барбадос, Беліз, Болівія, Бразилія, Колумбія, Коста-Рика, Домініка, Еквадор, Сальвадор, Гренада, Гваделупа, Гватемала, Гондурас, Мартиніка, Мексика (Сонора, Тамауліпас) , Монтсеррат, Нідерландські Антильські острови, Панама, Парагвай, Перу, Сент-Кітс і Невіс, Сент-Люсія, Сент-Вінсент і Гренадини, Тринідад і Тобаго, Уругвай, Американські Віргінські острови, Британські Віргінські острови. Живе, як правило, нижче 800 м. Може бути знайдений від дощових лісів до сухих або гірських лісів.
Харчується в основному плодами пасльонових. Є два репродуктивних сезони на рік в цього виду, зосереджених між теплим сезоном дощів і початком сухого сезону. Дорослі самці мають плечеві залози, які видають характерний запах і пов'язані з репродуктивною активністю.
Загрози невідомі. Живуть на всіх природоохоронних територіях Центральної Америки.
Sturnira lilium là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1810.[1]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Sturnira lilium tại Wikimedia Commons
Sturnira lilium là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1810.
Sturnira lilium É. Geoffroy, 1810
Подвиды[1]
Желтопле́чий листоно́с[2] (лат. Sturnira lilium) — вид летучих мышей семейства листоносых, обитающих в Южной и Центральной Америке. Желтоплечие листоносы являются плодоядными и поедают главным образом плоды паслёновых[3].
Это одни из самых распространённых листоносых летучих мышей[3].
Желтопле́чий листоно́с (лат. Sturnira lilium) — вид летучих мышей семейства листоносых, обитающих в Южной и Центральной Америке. Желтоплечие листоносы являются плодоядными и поедают главным образом плоды паслёновых.
Это одни из самых распространённых листоносых летучих мышей.
작은노랑어깨박쥐(little yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira lilium)는 주걱박쥐과(신세계잎코박쥐과)에 속하는 남아메리카 박쥐의 일종이다. 남아메리카와 중앙아메리카에서 발견된다. 과식성 박쥐이다.[1] 조프루아박쥐로도 불린다.
작은노랑어깨박쥐(little yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira lilium)는 주걱박쥐과(신세계잎코박쥐과)에 속하는 남아메리카 박쥐의 일종이다. 남아메리카와 중앙아메리카에서 발견된다. 과식성 박쥐이다. 조프루아박쥐로도 불린다.
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