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Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans (Johnston 1842)

Habitat ( englanti )

tarjonnut Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
Lives on scallops such as Chlamys hastata and Chlamys rubida.
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Distribution ( englanti )

tarjonnut Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
Geographical Range: Pacific coast and Japan. Most references to it are for the Pacific Northwest so presumably it is much less common elsewhere.
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Comprehensive Description ( englanti )

tarjonnut Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
This soft, feltlike sponge encrusts the shells of scallops. Its color is a yellowish gold to gold-brown. Spicules include 200-270 micron acanthostyles, 160-250 micron tornotes, 15-20 micron plus 35-70 micron isoanchors, and 25-53 micron sigmas. Since the scallops normally lie with their left valves upward, encrustation of the left valve is usually much heavier than that of the right valve. Sponge encrustation may be up to 1 cm thick. Oscula are often on thicker portions, and are up to 6 mm diameter.
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Look Alikes ( englanti )

tarjonnut Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
How to Distinguish from Similar Species: The other sponge commonly found encrusting scallops in this area, Mycale adhaerens, is yellow-brown to violet and has styles 290-360 microns long. M. W. de Laubenfels also said that Mycale adhaerens has a coarser structure, and when torn it reveals prominent fibers thicker than thread, which Myxilla incrustans does not have
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Comprehensive Description ( englanti )

tarjonnut Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
Biology/Natural History: This is the most common sponge found encrusting scallop shells in the Rosario area. The sponge seems to only encrust the surface and not bore into the shell at all. Sponge predators include the nudibranchs Cadlina luteomarginata, Dialula sandiegensis, and Archidoris odhneri; and another nudibranch, Discodoris heathi, has been observed clinging to them. The symbiosis is likely mutualistic. If one of the major predators of the scallop, the seastar Evasterias troschelii, encounters the scallop it often turns away if it touches the sponge; likely in response to some secretion or to the spicules from the sponge. The sponge also appears to make it more difficult for the seastar's tube feet to adhere to the scallop. If the sponge is removed from the scallop and the scallop is prevented from swimming, it is readily captured by the seastar. The scallop will also swim from predators of the sponge, such as Archidoris spp, so the sponge is benefited as well. The swimming scallop may also help carry the sponge into areas with clean water and good currents, and help prevent fouling of the sponge. Research by Kirt Onthank and Thomas Ewing at the Walla Walla University Rosario Marine Laboratory indicates that sponge encrustation deters scallop predation by octopus Enteroctopus dofleini and Octopus rubescens, both of which may be important scallop predators in our area. Sponges which live on the scallop are also less vulnerable to predation by nudibranchs such as Anisodoris nobilis and Archidoris montereyensis.
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Myxilla incrustans ( afrikaans )

tarjonnut wikipedia AF

Myxilla incrustans is 'n sponsspesie in die taksonomiese indeling van die Demospongiae (gewone sponse). Die liggaam van die spons bestaan uit kieselnaalde en sponginevesels en is in staat om baie water op te neem.

Die spons behoort tot die genus Myxilla en tot die familie Myxillidae. Die wetenskaplike naam van die spesie is die eerste keer geldig gepubliseer in 1842 deur Johnston.

Bronne

  • Van Soest, R. (2011). Myxilla incrustans (Johnston, 1842). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, De Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Gebaseer op inligting uit die World Register of Marine Species, te vinde op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=169466.
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Myxilla incrustans: Brief Summary ( afrikaans )

tarjonnut wikipedia AF

Myxilla incrustans is 'n sponsspesie in die taksonomiese indeling van die Demospongiae (gewone sponse). Die liggaam van die spons bestaan uit kieselnaalde en sponginevesels en is in staat om baie water op te neem.

Die spons behoort tot die genus Myxilla en tot die familie Myxillidae. Die wetenskaplike naam van die spesie is die eerste keer geldig gepubliseer in 1842 deur Johnston.

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Myxilla incrustans ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Myxilla incrustans is a species of demosponge. It is an encrusting species and is usually yellow.

Description

M. incrustans is an encrusting sponge occurring in patches up to 20 cm (8 in) across and 5 cm (2 in) high. It is usually some shade of yellow but can range through orange, pink and white. It has a bubbly-looking appearance with internal channels visible through the surface and large, raised oscules. The consistency is fairly soft and elastic but the surface feels crisp because of the vertical spicule bundles supporting it. The skeleton is built out of tornotes, megascleres with spear-shaped ends with tiny spines on them. The microscleres are a mixture of curved, shovel-like chelae and "C"-shaped sigmas. Several other similar sponges grow in the same habitats and microscopic examination is necessary to identify the species.[3]

Distribution

M. incrustans was described from specimens collected in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, North Sea. It is reported from the Arctic, round Bear Island and the Faroe Islands, on the coasts of Norway and south along the Atlantic coast to the Mediterranean Sea. In these areas, it is usually found between low-water mark and a depth of 400 metres (1,300 ft) on vertical rocks and sites with clean water exposed to strong tidal flows.[3] It also occurs in the north Pacific Ocean from Japan to California, where it is often found growing on the shells of scallops in the genus Chlamys.[4][5][6] It is unclear whether the free living Atlantic sponges and the Mutualistic pacific sponges are the same species.

Biology

M. incrustans is viviparous and in the months of August and September, developing embryos are sometimes found inside the tissues. These are spherical and measure about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) across before becoming detached.[3] Initiation of the sexual processes involved in reproduction depends on the water temperature. The male tissue releases sperm into the water column. These may get sucked into another sponge, and then fertilisation takes place. About 7% to 12% of the maternal tissue of the sponge is used up in the reproductive process, and there is some localized destruction of the tissue.[7]

References

  1. ^ Johnston, G. (1842). A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. (W.H. Lizars: Edinburgh). i-xii, 1-264, pls I-XXV., page(s): 122-124
  2. ^ World Register of Marine Species
  3. ^ a b c Marine Species Identification Portal
  4. ^ Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory
  5. ^ Heather M. Farren & Deborah A. Donovan (2007). "Effects of sponge and barnacle encrustation on survival of the scallop Chlamys hastata" (PDF). Hydrobiologia. 592 (1): 225–234. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.508.9090. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-0743-1.
  6. ^ On On Lee; Stanley C. K. Lau; Mandy M. Y. Tsoi; Xiancui Li; Ioulia Plakhotnikova; Sergey Dobretsov; Madeline C. S. Wu; Po-Keung Wong; Pei-Yuan Qian (2006). "Gillisia myxillae sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from the marine sponge Myxilla incrustans" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (Pt 8): 1795–1799. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64345-0. PMID 16902010.
  7. ^ A. V. Ereskovsky (2000). "Reproduction cycles and strategies of the cold-water sponges Halisarca dujardini (Demospongiae, Halisarcida), Myxilla incrustans and Iophon piceus (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the White Sea". The Biological Bulletin. 198 (1): 77–87. doi:10.2307/1542805. JSTOR 1542805. PMID 10707815.
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Myxilla incrustans: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Myxilla incrustans is a species of demosponge. It is an encrusting species and is usually yellow.

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Myxilla incrustans ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Myxille encroûtante (Myxilla incrustans) est une espèce d'éponge de la famille des Myxillidés.

C'est une espèce commune en Mer blanche à des profondeurs de 15 à 25 mètres[1]

durée de vie

Elle a été estimée à 4 ans environ[1].

Reproduction

L'espèce est vivipare. La reproduction est déclenchée par les variations de température de l'eau.

La contribution du métabolisme de l'éponge à son effort de reproduction semble relativement faible (par rapport à d'autres espèces) ; seulement 7,3 % de la masse tissulaire de l'éponge contribue à la reproduction (à comparer à d'autres espèces d'éponges vivant dans le même milieu comme Halisarca dujardini (Halisaalrcida) ou Iophon piceus (Poecilosclerida) qui consacrent respectivement 12 et 69 % de leurs tissus à la reproduction[1]. Dans les eaux froides où elle est présente elle fait partie du groupe (les éponges de mer) qui dominent la communauté benthique (ex : en Mer de Barent, les éponges constituent 54 % de la biomasse totale[2]).

Notes et références

  1. a b et c Ereskovsky, A. V. (2000). Reproduction cycles and strategies of the cold-water sponges Halisarca dujardini (Demospongiae, Halisarcida), Myxilla incrustans and Iophon piceus (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the White Sea. The Biological Bulletin, 198(1), 77-87.
  2. Ereskovsky, A. V. (1995) Materials to the faunistic study of the White Sea and Barents Sea sponges. Quantitative distribution. Berliner Geowiss. Abh. E16:709 –714.

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Myxilla incrustans: Brief Summary ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Myxille encroûtante (Myxilla incrustans) est une espèce d'éponge de la famille des Myxillidés.

C'est une espèce commune en Mer blanche à des profondeurs de 15 à 25 mètres

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Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans ( Indonesia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ID

Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans adalah spesies spons yang tergolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari kelas Demospongiae, filum Porifera, subregnum Parazoa, dan kingdom Animalia.

Seperti spons pada umumnya, spesies ini memiliki tubuh yang berpori dan permukaan yang keras seperti batu. Selain itu, Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans juga dapat menyerap oksigen dari air melalui proses difusi.

Referensi

  • WoRMS Porifera: World Porifera Database. Soest R. van (ed), 22 Oktober 2008.


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Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans: Brief Summary ( Indonesia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ID

Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans adalah spesies spons yang tergolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari kelas Demospongiae, filum Porifera, subregnum Parazoa, dan kingdom Animalia.

Seperti spons pada umumnya, spesies ini memiliki tubuh yang berpori dan permukaan yang keras seperti batu. Selain itu, Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans juga dapat menyerap oksigen dari air melalui proses difusi.

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Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans ( Minangkabau )

tarjonnut wikipedia MIN
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Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans is een sponssoort in de taxonomische indeling van de gewone sponzen (Demospongiae). Het lichaam van de spons bestaat uit kiezelnaalden en sponginevezels, en is in staat om veel water op te nemen.

De spons behoort tot het geslacht Myxilla en behoort tot de familie Myxillidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1842 door Johnston.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • van Soest, R. (2011). Myxilla (Myxilla) incrustans (Johnston, 1842). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Gebaseerd op informatie uit het World Register of Marine Species, te vinden op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=169466.
Geplaatst op:
07-12-2011
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