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Ecnomidae ( englanti )

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The Ecnomidae are a family of caddisflies comprising 9 genera with a total of 375 species.

Distribution

The Ecinomidae have a Gondwanan distribution, except one genus, which also is present in Oriental and Palearctic regions.

Morphology

The adult is a mostly small to medium-sized caddisfly with a wingspan of 6–18 mm (0.24–0.71 in), with dull grayish-brown mottled wings. Ocelli are absent. The maxillary palp is five-segmented. The apical segment is flexible. The antennae are, at most, as long as the forewing. Forewing R1 is usually forked at the apex; the discoidal and median cells present and closed. The female abdomen terminates either flat out or with an elongated ovipositor.

The larva is small to medium-sized 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The head and all thoracic nota are sclerotised. The prolegs on the abdomen are highly formed with large anal claws terminal.

Behavior and ecology

The Ecnomidae larval stage, like most trichoptera larvae, is spent completely in fresh water. They are predatory, but some genera feed also on algae and detritus. They construct fixed tubes, retreats of silk, on logs or rocks. Permanent ponds and lakes or slower-flowing waters is suitable habitat for Ecnomidae larvae.

Taxonomy and systematics

The Ecnomidae taxonomy has been problematic, Ecnomidae was first described (Ulmer 1903) as a subfamily of Hydropsychidae, and later as a subfamily within Psychomiidae. The family Ecnomidae is now accepted as monophyletic beside its sister-group Polycentropodidae. The Ecnomidae contain at least 9 genera with the most diversity found in the genus Ecnomus. Currently, a total of 375 species are described. In recent years, several new species has been discovered, mainly from the Oceania region. Other phylogenetically distinct genera exist which have not been scientifically described yet.

Genera

  • Agmina: 20 species endemic to New Caledonia
  • Ecnomina: this Australian genus consists of one species phylogenetically distinct from Ecnomina
  • Ecnomina: 36 named species found in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand
  • Zelandoptila: two species endemic to Australia and New Zealand
  • Austrotinodes: 37 named species distributed in South and Central America, forms a sister group to 11 Austrotinodes species found in Australia
  • Daternomina: 10–20 species found in Australia, especially Tasmania, was formerly described as Ecnomina, but is now regarded as genus since they possess modified wing venation and female genitalia characters
  • Ecnomus: more than 260 described species widespread in the Palearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions. Psychomyiellodes, is a monophyletic group within Ecnomus, with eight species endemic to the Afrotropical region.
  • Parecnomina: seven described species endemic to the Afrotropical region, is easily distinguished from Ecnomus based on wing and genitalia characters, and is regarded as a sister group to Ecnomus.
  • Archaeotinodes Baltic amber, Eocene

All Ecnomidae genera are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere except the genus Ecnomus, which is widely distributed. This means the group of may have a Gondwanan origin. The genus Ecnomus is also known from the Barremian aged Lebanese amber.[1]

References

  1. ^ Wichard, Wilfried; Azar, Dany (June 2016). "First caddisflies (Trichoptera) in Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 213–217. doi:10.1017/S1755691017000354. ISSN 1755-6910.
  1. Cartwright, D.I. (2009) Austrodinodes Schmid, a South and Central American caddisfly genus, newly recorded in Australia, with the description of new species. Zootaxa 2142, 1-19. ISSN 1175-5326
  2. Cartwright, D.I. (2008) A review of the Australian species of Ecnomina Kimmins and Daternomina Neboiss (Trichoptera) Zootaxa 1774, Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5326
  3. Dean, J.C. (2004) Identification keys to Australian families and genera of caddis-fly larvae (Trichoptera). Identification guide no. 50. Cooperative Research for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. ISSN 1446-7852
  4. Holzenthal, R.W. Blahnik, R.S. Prather, A.L. Kjer, K.M.(2007) Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), Caddisflies. Zootaxa 1668, pp, 664. Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5326
  5. Li, Y.J. Morse, S.C. (1997) Species of the Genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera, Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions, American Entomological Society, 123 85-134. ISSN 0002-8320
  6. Johanson, K.A.; Espeland, M. 2010: Phylogeny of the Ecnomidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Cladistics, 26: 36-48. ISSN 0748-3007 (print) 1096-0031 (online) doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00276.x
  7. Ward, J.B. Schefter, P.W. (2000) A new genus and twenty new species of New Caledonian Ecnomidae (Trichoptera) Records of the Canterbury Museum vol 14 pp 55–87.

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Ecnomidae: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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The Ecnomidae are a family of caddisflies comprising 9 genera with a total of 375 species.

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Järve-ehmeslased ( viro )

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Järve-ehmeslased (Ecnomidae) on ehmestiivaliste seltsi kuuluv putukate sugukond.

Eestis on vähemalt 1 liik:

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Ecnomidae ( ranska )

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Les Ecnomidae sont une famille d'insectes de l'ordre des trichoptères.

Liste des genres

Selon ITIS (25 nov. 2012)[2] :

Selon NCBI (25 nov. 2012)[3] :

Notes et références

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Ecnomidae: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Les Ecnomidae sont une famille d'insectes de l'ordre des trichoptères.

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Ecnomidae ( flaami )

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Insecten

Ecnomidae zijn een familie van schietmotten. De familie kent negen geslachten.

Taxonomie

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Ecnomidae: Brief Summary ( flaami )

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Ecnomidae zijn een familie van schietmotten. De familie kent negen geslachten.

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Ecnomidae ( norja )

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Ecnomidae er en gruppe (familie) av insekter som hører til ordenen vårfluer (Trichoptera). Larvene lever i ferskvann. De voksne lever ikke langt fra vannet de vokser opp i, men kan fly et godt stykke. Det er én art i Norge og omtrent 350 i verden.

Utseende

Stort sett små vårfluer (vingespenn 6–18 mm), vingene er smale, avrundet ytterst og gråbrun-spraglete. Antennene er høyst så lange som forvingen, hodet mangler punktøyne (ocelli). Maksillarpalpene består av fem ledd, det andre og tredje leddet er omtrent like lange og tydelig lengre enn det første, det ytterste leddet er bøyelig. Mesonotum og scutellum har hvert sitt par av hårbærende vorter. Forbeina har to eller tre sporer, mellom- og bakbeina fire. Larvene har harde ryggplater på alle de tre thorax-leddene, den fremste av disse er uttrukket bakover og mot sidene. Bakkroppsspissen har et par lange "falske føtter" (prolegs).

Levevis

Larvene til denne familien kan finnes i både stillestående og rennende ferskvann. De lever av organiske partikler. De bygger ikke klassiske "vårfluelarve-hus", men lever i rør av silke med noen partikler av mudder og plantemateriale innekapslet

Utbredelse

Ecnomidae forekommer i alle verdensdeler. De fleste av de ca. 350 kjente artene lever i Sør-Amerika, og det er bare slekten Ecnomus som forekommer utenfor sør-kontinentene.

Systematisk inndeling / norske arter

Slektene Zelandoptila (i dag plassert i Psychomyiidae) og Pseudoneureclipsis (plassert i Dipseudopsidae) bør muligens regnes til Ecnomidae) .

Treliste

Kilder

  • Australian Faunal Directory: Ecnomidae
  • Johanson, K.A. og Espeland, M. (2009) Phylogeny of the Ecnomidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) [1][død lenke]
  • Ottesen, P.S. (red.) 1993 Norske Insektfamilier og deres artsantall. NINA utredning 055, 40 sider.
  • Solem, J.O. og Andersen, T. (1996) Trichoptera, Vårfluer. Side 172-180 i: Aagaard, K. og Dolmen, D. (red.): Limnofauna norvegica. Tapir, Trondheim. ISBN 82-519-1214-8

Eksterne lenker

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Ecnomidae: Brief Summary ( norja )

tarjonnut wikipedia NO

Ecnomidae er en gruppe (familie) av insekter som hører til ordenen vårfluer (Trichoptera). Larvene lever i ferskvann. De voksne lever ikke langt fra vannet de vokser opp i, men kan fly et godt stykke. Det er én art i Norge og omtrent 350 i verden.

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Wrzecionkowate ( puola )

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Wrzecionkowate (Ecnomidae) – rodzina owadów wodnych z rzędu chruścików (Trichoptera). W Polsce występuje tylko jeden gatunek – Ecnomus tenellus. Larwy tego gatunku występują w jeziorach i rzekach nizinnych, budują lejkowate sieci łowne, które umiejscawiane są między kamieniami i roślinami wodnymi. Larwy są drapieżne, zjadają nicienie, wioślarki, wodopójki i larwy jętek.

Przypisy

  1. Ecnomidae, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
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Wrzecionkowate: Brief Summary ( puola )

tarjonnut wikipedia POL

Wrzecionkowate (Ecnomidae) – rodzina owadów wodnych z rzędu chruścików (Trichoptera). W Polsce występuje tylko jeden gatunek – Ecnomus tenellus. Larwy tego gatunku występują w jeziorach i rzekach nizinnych, budują lejkowate sieci łowne, które umiejscawiane są między kamieniami i roślinami wodnymi. Larwy są drapieżne, zjadają nicienie, wioślarki, wodopójki i larwy jętek.

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Ecnomidae ( venäjä )

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Филогения Ecnomidae

Ecnomidae (лат.) — семейство ручейников подотряда Annulipalpia.

Распространение

Повсеместно (кроме Неарктики), главным образом, в тропиках. В Австралии 3 рода и около 100 видов.[1] В России 1 род.[2]

Описание

Мелкого размера ручейники, зеленовато-бурые крылья имеют размах около 6—18 мм. Оцеллий нет.[1] Нижнечелюстные щупики состоят из 5 члеников, первый из них короткий. Крылья узкие. Личинки живут на камнях и среди растительности в водоёмах с медленно текучей водой.[2]

Систематика

9 родов.[3]

Примечания

  1. 1 2 Australian Faunal Directory - Hydropsychidae Архивная копия от 18 мая 2015 на Wayback Machine (англ.) (Проверено 19 июня 2011)
  2. 1 2 Определитель насекомых Дальнего Востока России. Т. V. Ручейники и чешуекрылые Ч. 1 / под общ. ред. П. А. Лера. — Владивосток: Дальнаука, 1997. — С. 77. — 540 с. — 500 экз.ISBN 5-7442-0986-7.
  3. Order TRICHOPTERA W. Kirby, 1813 (англ.) (Проверено 19 июня 2011)
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Ecnomidae: Brief Summary ( venäjä )

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 src= Филогения Ecnomidae

Ecnomidae (лат.) — семейство ручейников подотряда Annulipalpia.

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