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Prunus ilicifolia (im Englischen Holly-Leafed Cherry, was genauso wie das Artepitheton auf die stechpalmenähnlichen Blätter hinweist; auch Evergreen Cherry oder Islay) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Prunus in der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae).
Prunus ilicifolia ist ein immergrüner Strauch, der Wuchshöhen zwischen 1 und 8 Metern erreicht. An guten Standorten kann auch ein baumartiger Wuchs ähnlicher Höhe auftreten. Es wird meist in eine dichte Krone gebildet. Die Rinde ist grau bis rötlich-braun. Die wechselständigen Laubblätter sind dunkelgrün mit glänzender Ober- und matter Unterseite. Sie sind 2 bis 5 Zentimeter lang, hart, dick, ungeteilt und weisen an ihrem Rand eine Reihe gut ausgebildeter Stacheln auf.
Die zwittrigen Blüten sind klein, unscheinbar und weiß und sitzen in dichten, zylindrischen Blütenständen.
Die Steinfrucht ist eine klein, rötlich oder purpurfarben, selten auch gelb und kirschenförmig.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 30.[1]
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet von Prunus ilicifolia umfasst die Gebiete Kaliforniens und Niederkaliforniens mit mediterranem Klima. Die Art findet sich in Buschgesellschaften mäßig feuchter Standorte in Küstenvegetation, Hügelland und Chaparrals. Die Typusunterart Prunus ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia kommt dabei entlang der Küsten von Napa County bis Niederkalifornien vor, während Prunus ilicifolia subsp. lyonii (Eastw.) P.H. Raven auf den Kanalinseln und im niederkalifornischen Inland gefunden wird. Diese Art wird auch auf Hawaii angebaut.
Prunus ilicifolia (im Englischen Holly-Leafed Cherry, was genauso wie das Artepitheton auf die stechpalmenähnlichen Blätter hinweist; auch Evergreen Cherry oder Islay) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Prunus in der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae).
Prunus ilicifolia (Common names: hollyleaf cherry,[4] evergreen cherry;[5] islay - Salinan Native American[6]) is native to the chaparral areas of coastal California (from Mendocino County to San Diego County), Baja California, and Baja California Sur.[5][7] as well as the desert chaparral areas of the Mojave desert.[8][9]
Prunus ilicifolia is an evergreen shrub[4] to tree, producing edible cherries, with shiny and spiny toothed leaves[4] similar in appearance to those of holly. This resemblance is the source of both the common name "holly-leaved cherry" and the scientific epithet "ilicifolia" (Ilex-leaved). It grows 2.4 to 9.1 metres (8 to 30 feet) tall, with thick, alternate leaves 2.5 to 5.1 centimetres (1 to 2 inches) in length.[4] It has small white flowers growing in clusters, similar in appearance to most members of the rose family, Rosaceae, flowering from March to May.[4] The flowers are terminal on small stalks, with the youngest at the cluster center. The purple to black fruit is sweet, with a very thin pulp around a large single stone (drupe).[4][10]
The plant is prized for cultivation, showy and easily grown from seed, and has been cultivated for centuries as a food source, and tolerates twice yearly pruning when often used as a hedge.[4] The plant likes full sun, loose open soil (porous), and tolerates drought conditions well, but needs regular watering when young.[4]
Despite its name, it is not a true cherry (P. subg. Cerasus) species. It is traditionally included in P. subg. Laurocerasus, but molecular research indicates it is nested with species of P. subg. Padus.[11] Ilicifolia or “ilex foliage,” means “holly-like leaves” in Latin[4]
It is an evergreen shrub[4] or small tree approaching 15 metres (49 feet) in height,[12] with dense, hard leaves[4] (sclerophyllous foliage). The leaves are 1.6–12 centimetres (3⁄4–4+3⁄4 inches) long with a 4–25 millimetres (1⁄8–1 in) petiole[12] and spiny margins, somewhat resembling those of the holly. The leaves are dark green when mature and generally shiny on top, and have a smell resembling almonds when crushed; these are poisonous to eat, but not to handle.[13] The flowers are small (1–5 mm), white, produced on racemes in the spring. The fruit is a cherry 12–25 mm in diameter, sweet in taste, with little flesh surrounding the smooth seed.[12][14][15]
There are two subspecies:[16][17][18]
Prunus ilicifolia is native to California chaparral and foothill woodlands along the Coast Ranges below 1,600 m (5,200 ft).[12] Its distribution extends from northern Baja California along the California coast to the northernmost extent of the Coast Ranges,[12] as well as into the desert chaparral areas of the Mojave desert. In chaparral communities, it tends to inhabit north-facing slopes, erosion channels, or other moist, cool sites.[5] This is the only species of the genus Prunus native to California's Santa Monica Mountains, which divide the Los Angeles Basin from the San Fernando Valley.[4]
It is a persistent member of chaparral communities, being slow-growing but long-lived; common chaparral flora associates are toyon, western poison-oak and coffeeberry.[19] In the absence of fire, P. ilicifolia will outlive or outshade surrounding vegetation, making room for seedlings. Eventually, it will form extensive stands codominated by scrub oak.[5]
Although it will resprout from the stump after fires, the seeds are not fire-adapted like those of many other chaparral plants.[20] Instead, it relies on the natural death of surrounding vegetation during long periods of fire-free conditions to make room for its seedlings.[5]
Though the seeds are often reported to require sunlight to germinate,[20] germination rates of nearly 100% have been achieved with wild-collected seed buried completely in pots with a peatlite mix.[21]
The caterpillars of the pale swallowtail (Papilio eurymedon) feed on this and other members of the riparian woodland plant community.[18] It is also a larval host to the California hairstreak, Lorquin's admiral, Nevada buckmoth, and tiger swallowtail.[22] Bees are attracted to it.[4]
Prunus ilicifolia is used in California native plants and wildlife gardens, and drought-tolerant sustainable landscaping.[23]
The pulp of the cherry is edible.[4] Native Americans fermented the fruit into an intoxicating drink.[4] Some also cracked the dried cherries and made meal from the seeds after grinding and leaching them.[24] It has also been made into jam.[25]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022 (link) Prunus ilicifolia (Common names: hollyleaf cherry, evergreen cherry; islay - Salinan Native American) is native to the chaparral areas of coastal California (from Mendocino County to San Diego County), Baja California, and Baja California Sur. as well as the desert chaparral areas of the Mojave desert.
Prunus ilicifolia is an evergreen shrub to tree, producing edible cherries, with shiny and spiny toothed leaves similar in appearance to those of holly. This resemblance is the source of both the common name "holly-leaved cherry" and the scientific epithet "ilicifolia" (Ilex-leaved). It grows 2.4 to 9.1 metres (8 to 30 feet) tall, with thick, alternate leaves 2.5 to 5.1 centimetres (1 to 2 inches) in length. It has small white flowers growing in clusters, similar in appearance to most members of the rose family, Rosaceae, flowering from March to May. The flowers are terminal on small stalks, with the youngest at the cluster center. The purple to black fruit is sweet, with a very thin pulp around a large single stone (drupe).
The plant is prized for cultivation, showy and easily grown from seed, and has been cultivated for centuries as a food source, and tolerates twice yearly pruning when often used as a hedge. The plant likes full sun, loose open soil (porous), and tolerates drought conditions well, but needs regular watering when young.
Despite its name, it is not a true cherry (P. subg. Cerasus) species. It is traditionally included in P. subg. Laurocerasus, but molecular research indicates it is nested with species of P. subg. Padus. Ilicifolia or “ilex foliage,” means “holly-like leaves” in Latin
Prunus ilicifolia, tên khác: anh đào lá nhựa ruồi[1], anh đào thường xanh[2], là một loại cây bụi thuộc chi Mận mơ, được tìm thấy ở vùng ven biển của bang California (trải dài từ quận Mendocino đến quận San Diego)[3], bang Baja California và Baja California Sur[2][4], cũng như hoang mạc Mojave[5][6]. P. ilicifolia có khuynh hướng sống dọc các sườn dốc, hoặc các khu vực ẩm ướt, mát mẻ[2].
Đây là loài duy nhất thuộc chi Mận mơ có nguồn gốc từ dãy núi Santa Monica[1].
Prunus ilicifolia là một loài cây bụi thường xanh, có thể cao tới 15 mét. Lá dày, màu xanh bóng, có nhiều răng cưa, dài gần 12 cm, mọc so le; cuống dài khoảng 2,5 cm; lá khi vò nát có mùi hạnh nhân đặc trưng của các loài trong chi Mận mơ. Lá của P. ilicifolia rất giống với lá của cây nhựa ruồi, nên được gọi là "anh đào lá nhựa ruồi". Hoa nhỏ màu trắng mọc thành từng cụm, trổ từ tháng 3 đến tháng 5. Quả màu tím hoặc đen ăn được, vị rất ngọt nhưng ít thịt, đường kính 12-25 mm[1][3][7].
P. ilicifolia ưa ánh mặt trời[8], có thể trồng được trên nền đất xốp và chịu được điều kiện hạn hán tốt (tại hoang mạc Mojave), nhưng cần tưới nước thường xuyên khi cây còn non[1].
Hai phân loài của P. ilicifolia và nơi tìm thấy[9]:
Sâu bướm của loài Papilio eurymedon rất thích ăn lá của loài cây này và những cây trong thảm thực vật xung quanh[9].
Người Mỹ bản xứ đã cho lên men trái của P. ilicifolia để làm rượu. P. ilicifolia được xem như một nguồn thực phẩm trong nhiều thế kỷ qua, thậm chí còn được trồng để làm hàng rào, nhưng phải cắt tỉa hằng năm vì chúng rất dễ lan rộng[1].
Prunus ilicifolia, tên khác: anh đào lá nhựa ruồi, anh đào thường xanh, là một loại cây bụi thuộc chi Mận mơ, được tìm thấy ở vùng ven biển của bang California (trải dài từ quận Mendocino đến quận San Diego), bang Baja California và Baja California Sur, cũng như hoang mạc Mojave. P. ilicifolia có khuynh hướng sống dọc các sườn dốc, hoặc các khu vực ẩm ướt, mát mẻ.
Đây là loài duy nhất thuộc chi Mận mơ có nguồn gốc từ dãy núi Santa Monica.
