dcsimg
 
  fi  
nimet breadcrumb-navigoinnissa
Sivun Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831) kuva
Life » … » Metazoa » … » Niveljalkaiset » … » Kuusijalkaiset » Hyönteiset » Siipikantaiset » … » Nivelkärsäiset » Ponsikaskaat » … » Cicadellidae » …

Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831)

Tieteelliset nimet

Ensisijaiset nimet

Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831)
Laji, tunnustanut EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Erythroneura vitis
Laji, tunnustanut NCBI and United States Species List
Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831)
Laji, tunnustanut EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, and GBIF classification
Erythroneura vitis
Laji, tunnustanut wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, Global Biotic Interactions, iNaturalist data coverage, and GGBN data coverage
Erythroneura vitis
Tunnustanut BHL data coverage
Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831)
Laji, tunnustanut Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, iNaturalist, GBIF data coverage, and Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Vaihtoehtoiset nimet

Erythroneura comes var. venusta McAtee 1920
Not accepted taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022 mukaan
Reference taxon from 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Erythroneura vitis
Not accepted taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022 mukaan
Reference taxon from 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Erythroneura vitis var. corona McAtee 1920
Not accepted taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022 mukaan
Reference taxon from 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Erythroneura vitis var. flava Robinson 1924
Not accepted taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022 mukaan
Reference taxon from 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Tettigonia vitis Harris 1831
Not accepted taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022 mukaan
Reference taxon from 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Erythroneura (Erythroneura) vitis
Synonym taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 mukaan
Erythroneura comes var. venusta Mc Atee 1920
Synonym taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis
Synonym taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis var. corona Mc Atee 1920
Synonym taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis var. flava Robinson 1924
Synonym taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 mukaan
Tettigonia vitis Harris 1831
Synonym taho(je)n EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 mukaan
Erythroneura (Erythroneura) vitis (Harris 1831)
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan
Erythroneura comes var. venusta McAtee 1920
Not accepted taho(je)n Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 mukaan
Erythroneura comes var. venusta McAtee 1920
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis
Not accepted taho(je)n Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis var. corona McAtee 1920
Not accepted taho(je)n Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis var. corona McAtee 1920
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis var. flava Robinson 1924
Not accepted taho(je)n Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis var. flava Robinson 1924
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan
Erythroneura vitis vitis (Harris 1831)
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan
Tettigonia vitis Harris 1831
Not accepted taho(je)n Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 mukaan
Tettigonia vitis Harris 1831
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan
Typhlocyba vitis (Harris 1831)
Synonym taho(je)n Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 mukaan

Kansankieliset nimet

englanti

Grapevine Leafhopper ensisijainen
Tunnustanut Wikidata Common Names

Kuratoidut hierarkiat kohteelle Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831)

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
Neoptera
Paraneoptera
Hemiptera
Cicadomorpha
Membracoidea
Cicadellidae
Erythroneura
Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831) (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura aclys McAtee 1920
Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson 1924
Erythroneura amanda McAtee 1920
Erythroneura ancora Beamer 1929
Erythroneura anfracta Beamer 1929
Erythroneura aza Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bakeri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura beameri Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bidens McAtee 1924
Erythroneura bistrata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura bistrig Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura browni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura caetra McAtee 1924
Erythroneura calycula McAtee 1920
Erythroneura cancellata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura carinata Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura cassavae China 1930
Erythroneura chaudhrii Samad & Ahmed 1979
Erythroneura claripennis Naude 1926
Erythroneura coloradensis (Gillette 1892)
Erythroneura comes (Say 1825)
Erythroneura corni Robinson 1924
Erythroneura cymbium McAtee 1920
Erythroneura delicata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura diva McAtee 1920
Erythroneura elegans McAtee 1920
Erythroneura elegantula Osborn 1928
Erythroneura evansi Ross 1965
Erythroneura festiva Beamer 1938
Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull 1951
Erythroneura flavogutta Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura fraxa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura fulvidorsum Naude 1926
Erythroneura gilensis Beamer 1929
Erythroneura glabra Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura glavogutta Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura harmsi Izzard 1936
Erythroneura infuscata (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura integra McAtee 1920
Erythroneura ipoloa Kirkaldy 1906
Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson 1924
Erythroneura kashmirensis Ahmed 1970
Erythroneura kennedyi Knull 1945
Erythroneura kerzhneri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura macarangae Linnavuori 1960
Erythroneura modesta Ahmed 1970
Erythroneura nudata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura octonotata Walsh 1862
Erythroneura omaska Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ontari Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ortha Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura palimpsesta McAtee 1924
Erythroneura plagiata Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura pontifex McAtee 1926
Erythroneura postica Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura prima Beamer 1938
Erythroneura prosata Johnson 1935
Erythroneura reflecta McAtee 1924
Erythroneura rosa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura rubra (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura rubrella McAtee 1920
Erythroneura shirozui Ishihara 1965
Erythroneura subfumata Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura tacita Beamer 1938
Erythroneura triapitsyni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura tricincta Fitch 1851
Erythroneura urakensis Samad & Ahmed 1979
Erythroneura vaga Johnson 1934
Erythroneura vagabunda Knull 1945
Erythroneura vitifex Fitch 1856
Erythroneura ziczac Walsh 1862

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadomorpha
Membracoidea Rafinesque 1815
Cicadellidae Latreille 1825
Typhlocybinae Kirschbaum 1868
Erythroneurini Young 1952
Erythroneura Fitch 1851
Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831) (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura aclys McAtee 1920
Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson 1924
Erythroneura amanda McAtee 1920
Erythroneura ancora Beamer 1929
Erythroneura anfracta Beamer 1929
Erythroneura aza Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bakeri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura beameri Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bidens McAtee 1924
Erythroneura bistrata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura browni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura caetra McAtee 1924
Erythroneura calycula McAtee 1920
Erythroneura cancellata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura carinata Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura coloradensis (Gillette 1892)
Erythroneura comes (Say 1825)
Erythroneura corni Robinson 1924
Erythroneura cymbium McAtee 1920
Erythroneura delicata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura diva McAtee 1920
Erythroneura elegans McAtee 1920
Erythroneura elegantula Osborn 1928
Erythroneura festiva Beamer 1938
Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull 1951
Erythroneura fraxa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura gilensis Beamer 1929
Erythroneura glabra Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura infuscata (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura integra McAtee 1920
Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson 1924
Erythroneura kennedyi Knull 1945
Erythroneura kerzhneri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura nudata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura octonotata Walsh 1862
Erythroneura omaska Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ontari Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ortha Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura palimpsesta McAtee 1924
Erythroneura pontifex McAtee 1926
Erythroneura prima Beamer 1938
Erythroneura prosata Johnson 1935
Erythroneura reflecta McAtee 1924
Erythroneura rosa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura rubra (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura rubrella McAtee 1920
Erythroneura tacita Beamer 1938
Erythroneura triapitsyni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura tricincta Fitch 1851
Erythroneura vaga Johnson 1934
Erythroneura vagabunda Knull 1945
Erythroneura vitifex Fitch 1856
Erythroneura ziczac Walsh 1862

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831) (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura aclys McAtee 1920
Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson 1924
Erythroneura amanda McAtee 1920
Erythroneura ancora Beamer 1929
Erythroneura anfracta Beamer 1929
Erythroneura aza Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bakeri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura beameri Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bidens McAtee 1924
Erythroneura bistrata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura bistrig Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura browni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura caetra McAtee 1924
Erythroneura calycula McAtee 1920
Erythroneura cancellata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura carinata Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura cassavae China 1930
Erythroneura chaudhrii Samad & Ahmed 1979
Erythroneura claripennis Naude 1926
Erythroneura coloradensis (Gillette 1892)
Erythroneura comes (Say 1825)
Erythroneura corni Robinson 1924
Erythroneura cymbium McAtee 1920
Erythroneura delicata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura diva McAtee 1920
Erythroneura elegans McAtee 1920
Erythroneura elegantula Osborn 1928
Erythroneura evansi Ross 1965
Erythroneura festiva Beamer 1938
Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull 1951
Erythroneura flavogutta Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura fraxa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura fulvidorsum Naude 1926
Erythroneura gilensis Beamer 1929
Erythroneura glabra Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura glavogutta Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura harmsi Izzard 1936
Erythroneura infuscata (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura integra McAtee 1920
Erythroneura ipoloa Kirkaldy 1906
Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson 1924
Erythroneura kashmirensis Ahmed 1970
Erythroneura kennedyi Knull 1945
Erythroneura kerzhneri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura macarangae Linnavuori 1960
Erythroneura modesta Ahmed 1970
Erythroneura nudata McAtee 1920
Erythroneura octonotata Walsh 1862
Erythroneura omaska Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ontari Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ortha Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura palimpsesta McAtee 1924
Erythroneura plagiata Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura pontifex McAtee 1926
Erythroneura postica Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura prima Beamer 1938
Erythroneura prosata Johnson 1935
Erythroneura reflecta McAtee 1924
Erythroneura rosa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura rubra (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura rubrella McAtee 1920
Erythroneura shirozui Ishihara 1965
Erythroneura subfumata Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura tacita Beamer 1938
Erythroneura triapitsyni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura tricincta Fitch 1851
Erythroneura urakensis Samad & Ahmed 1979
Erythroneura vaga Johnson 1934
Erythroneura vagabunda Knull 1945
Erythroneura vitifex Fitch 1856
Erythroneura ziczac Walsh 1862

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Panarthropoda
Arthropoda
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
Neoptera
Paraneoptera
Hemiptera
Cicadomorpha
Membracoidea
Cicadellidae
Erythroneura
Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831) (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura aclys Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson 1924
Erythroneura amanda Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura ancora Beamer 1929
Erythroneura anfracta Beamer 1929
Erythroneura aza Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bakeri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura beameri Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bidens Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura bistrata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura bistrig Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura browni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura caetra Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura calycula Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura cancellata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura carinata Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura cassavae China 1930
Erythroneura chaudhrii Samad & Ahmed 1979
Erythroneura claripennis Naudé 1926
Erythroneura coloradensis (Gillette 1892)
Erythroneura comes (Say 1825)
Erythroneura corni Robinson 1924
Erythroneura cymbium Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura delicata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura diva Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura elegans Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura elegantula Osborn 1928
Erythroneura evansi Ross 1965
Erythroneura festiva Beamer 1938
Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull 1951
Erythroneura flavogutta Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura fraxa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura fulvidorsum Naudé 1926
Erythroneura gilensis Beamer 1929
Erythroneura glabra Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura glavogutta Esaki & Ito 1954
Erythroneura harmsi Izzard 1936
Erythroneura infuscata (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura integra Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura ipoloa Kirkaldy 1906
Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson 1924
Erythroneura kashmirensis Ahmed 1970
Erythroneura kennedyi Knull 1945
Erythroneura kerzhneri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura macarangae Linnavuori 1960
Erythroneura modesta Ahmed 1970
Erythroneura nudata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura octonotata Walsh 1862
Erythroneura omaska Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ontari Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ortha Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura palimpsesta Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura plagiata Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura pontifex Mc Atee 1926
Erythroneura postica Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura prima Beamer 1938
Erythroneura prosata Johnson 1935
Erythroneura reflecta Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura rosa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura rubra (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura rubrella Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura shirozui Ishihara 1965
Erythroneura subfumata Heller & Linnavuori 1968
Erythroneura tacita Beamer 1938
Erythroneura triapitsyni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura tricincta Fitch 1851
Erythroneura urakensis Samad & Ahmed 1979
Erythroneura vaga Johnson 1934
Erythroneura vagabunda Knull 1945
Erythroneura vitifex Fitch 1856
Erythroneura ziczac Walsh 1862

GBIF classification

Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Erythroneura Fitch 1851
Erythroneura vitis (Harris 1831) (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura aclys Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson 1924
Erythroneura amanda Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura ancora Beamer 1929
Erythroneura anfracta Beamer 1929
Erythroneura aza Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bakeri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura beameri Robinson 1924
Erythroneura bidens Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura bipunctata
Erythroneura bistrata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura browni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura caetra Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura calycula Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura cancellata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura carinata Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura coloradensis (Gillette 1892)
Erythroneura comes (Say 1825)
Erythroneura corni Robinson 1924
Erythroneura cymbium Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura delicata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura diva Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura elegans Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura elegantula Osborn 1928
Erythroneura festiva Beamer 1938
Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull 1951
Erythroneura fraxa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura gilensis Beamer 1929
Erythroneura glabra Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura infuscata (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura integra Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson 1924
Erythroneura kennedyi Knull 1945
Erythroneura kerzhneri Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura nudata Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura octonotata Walsh 1862
Erythroneura omaska Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ontari Robinson 1924
Erythroneura ortha Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura palimpsesta Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura pontifex Mc Atee 1926
Erythroneura prima Beamer 1938
Erythroneura prosata Johnson 1935
Erythroneura reflecta Mc Atee 1924
Erythroneura rosa Robinson 1924
Erythroneura rubra (Gillette 1898)
Erythroneura rubrella Mc Atee 1920
Erythroneura tacita Beamer 1938
Erythroneura triapitsyni Dmitriev & Dietrich 2007
Erythroneura tricincta Fitch 1851
Erythroneura unkown
Erythroneura vaga Johnson 1934
Erythroneura vagabunda Knull 1945
Erythroneura vitifex Fitch 1856
Erythroneura ziczac Walsh 1862

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Panarthropoda
Arthropoda
Mandibulata
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Dicondylia
Pterygota
Neoptera
Paraneoptera
Hemiptera
Auchenorrhyncha
Cicadomorpha
Membracoidea
Cicadellidae
Typhlocybinae
Erythroneurini
Erythroneura
Erythroneura vitis (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura aza
Erythroneura bakeri
Erythroneura certa
Erythroneura concisa
Erythroneura elegans
Erythroneura gemina
Erythroneura minor
Erythroneura ontari
Erythroneura rubrella
Erythroneura tricincta
Erythroneura vitifex
unclassified Erythroneura

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Unikonta
Opisthokonta
Holozoa
Filozoa
Apoikozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Hexapoda
Insecta
Dicondylia
Pterygota
Metapterygota
Neoptera
Eumetabola
Paraneoptera
Hemiptera
Auchenorrhyncha
Cicadomorpha
Membracoidea
Cicadellidae
Erythroneura
Erythroneura vitis (tämä sivu)
Erythroneura acantha
Erythroneura aclys
Erythroneura acuticephala
Erythroneura amanda
Erythroneura ancora
Erythroneura anfracta
Erythroneura ardens
Erythroneura aza
Erythroneura bakeri
Erythroneura basilaris
Erythroneura beameri
Erythroneura bidens
Erythroneura bistrata
Erythroneura browni
Erythroneura caetra
Erythroneura calycula
Erythroneura cancellata
Erythroneura carinata
Erythroneura coloradensis
Erythroneura comes
Erythroneura corni
Erythroneura cymbium
Erythroneura delicata
Erythroneura diva
Erythroneura elegans
Erythroneura elegantula
Erythroneura festiva
Erythroneura fiduciaria
Erythroneura fraxa
Erythroneura gilensis
Erythroneura glabra
Erythroneura infuscata
Erythroneura integra
Erythroneura kanwakae
Erythroneura kennedyi
Erythroneura kerzhneri
Erythroneura nudata
Erythroneura octonotata
Erythroneura omaska
Erythroneura ontari
Erythroneura ortha
Erythroneura palimpsesta
Erythroneura pontifex
Erythroneura prima
Erythroneura prosata
Erythroneura reflecta
Erythroneura rosa
Erythroneura rubra
Erythroneura rubrella
Erythroneura tacita
Erythroneura triapitsyni
Erythroneura tricincta
Erythroneura vaga
Erythroneura vagabunda
Erythroneura vitifex
Erythroneura vulnerata
Erythroneura ziczac
EOL-sivustoa ylläpitää: