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Nyctophilus ( valencia )

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Nyctophilus és un gènere de ratpenats de la família dels vespertiliònids. El grup conté quinze espècies, que són:

Referències

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  • D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2005: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( valencia )

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Nyctophilus és un gènere de ratpenats de la família dels vespertiliònids. El grup conté quinze espècies, que són:

Ratpenat orellut de la terra d'Arnhem Nyctophilus arnhemensis Ratpenat orellut de Queensland Nyctophilus bifax Nyctophilus corbeni Nyctophilus daedalus Ratpenat orellut de Geoffroy Nyctophilus geoffroyi Subespècie Nyctophilus geoffroyi geoffroyi Subespècie Nyctophilus geoffroyi pacificus Subespècie Nyctophilus geoffroyi pallescens Ratpenat orellut de Gould Nyctophilus gouldi Nyctophilus heran Nyctophilus howensis Nyctophilus major Ratpenat orellut de dents petites Nyctophilus microdon Ratpenat orellut papú Nyctophilus microtis Nyctophilus nebulosus Ratpenat orellut de Timor Nyctophilus timoriensis Nyctophilus sherrini Nyctophilus shirleyae Ratpenat orellut pigmeu Nyctophilus walkeri
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Nyctophilus ( englanti )

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Nyctophilus is a genus of the vespertilionids or vesper bats. They are often termed Australian big-eared bats or long-eared bats, as the length of their ears often greatly exceeds that of the head. This genus occurs in the New Guinean-Australian region.

Taxonomy

The first description of the genus was published in 1821 by William Elford Leach.[1] The name Nyctophilus means night-loving and is derived from the combination of Ancient Greek nyktos and philos.[2]

The type species of the genus is Nyctophilus geoffroyi, the lesser long-eared bat.[3] A monograph on the genus, published by Robert Fisher Tomes in 1858, cited two earlier descriptions, the species assumed by Tomes as the type for Nyctophilus geoffroyi, Leach, and incorporated the similar Vespertilio timoriensis Geoffroy as a new generic combination. Two new species were also named, Nyctophilus gouldi and Nyctophilus unicolor, both based on specimens supplied by John Gould.[4] The availability of the name Nyctophilus timoriensis is uncertain and recognised or excluded in some treatments, following a revision and new taxa published in 2009.[5][6] This followed the 2008 publication of unknown taxa noted as Nyctophilus sp., subspecies of T. timoriensis or new and separate species.[6]

An arrangement within the family Vespertilionidae, the common evening bats, separates the genus to the subfamilial taxon Vespertilioninae and the tribe Nyctophilini, allied to the monotypic genus of Pharotis imogene, a species also found in New Guinea. A taxon proposed in 1968, Lamingtona McKean & Calaby, is a synonym for the genus.[3] An attempt to reclassify the group as Barbastellus Gray, 1829, which the author John Edward Gray later revised to include a type in 1831, is also synonymous with Nyctophilus Leach, 1821.[6]

The relationships between the species were first outlined in 1941, an arrangement that identified four interspecific groups. One of these alliances was the problematic timoriensis group, including the dubiously named N. timoriensis with N. major, N. sherrini and N. gouldi. Three other groups were named although with slight descriptions: bifax group (bifax and daedalus); geoffroyi group (with australis, pacificus, unicolor and pallescens); and microtis group (microtis, bicolor and walkeri).[5]

Description

A genus of the common and widely dispersed bat family Vespertilionidae, the common, evening bats. They are found in Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia, and lack extensive research into their diverse forms and habits.

The species have a body arrangement that resembles the horseshoe bat family Rhinolophidae, but distinguished by ears that exceed the length of the head. The upper half of the ear is markedly ribbed at the inner surface. The muzzle of these species is short and tail features are typical of the family.[7] The species have small appendages at the nostrils, similar to the larger ornamented structures of bats using nasally emitted constant frequency sound in echolocation. The often plain faced vespertilionid genera use frequency modulated echolocation, emitted orally, but this genus—and possibly the North American genus Antrozous—is confirmed to use sound via the nostril apparatus.[8]

The species may present twin births, unlike the single births of most microbat genera.[9]

Diversity

Taxa within this genus, sometimes described as 'long-eared bats', are:

  • Greater long-eared bat, Nyctophilus timoriensis. A number of similar populations, tentatively distinguished or formally described, are referred to as the "Nyctophilus timoriensis complex", a group allied by similarity to this species and later typifications.[7] Doubt regarding the type location, the epithet and author of Vespertilio timoriensis indicating the origin as Timor, was noted since early revisions of the genus.[4][5]

However, this nomenclaturally uncertain taxon is provisionally excluded at the Australian Faunal Directory,[6] which instead recognises new taxa that emerged from comparative study of molecular and morphological research (Parnaby, 2009).[5]

Populations identified as Nyctophilus include unnamed species (Andrews, 2015),

  • Nyctophilus sp, undescribed, south-eastern long-eared bat; allied to the 'greater long-eared' timoriensis complex. An uncommon bat found in a variety of woodlands in the Murray-Darling Basin, where suitable tree hollows and well defined canopy and understory provide a specialised habitat. The species is most abundant in Pilliga Scrub.[7]
  • Nyctophilus sp, undescribed, central long-eared bat; a distinct form, also resembling those of the timoriensis complex. A microbat found in semi-arid regions of Western Australia, from the Goldfields district to the Eyre Peninsula. The flight is a agile fluttering patrol, as with others of the complex, but is also noted as surveying from a perch and taking prey at the ground. They favour grasslands, such as spinifex, and wood or shrublands and mallee habitat. They reside in foliage, hollows, and under bark. They have been observed at the Nullarbor National Park in South Australia, and Western Australian nature reserves Nuytsland and Dundas.[7]

References

  • D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2005: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
  1. ^ a b c Leach, William Elford (1821). "IX. The Characters of seven Genera of Bats with foliaceous Appendages to the Nose". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 13: 73–82. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00056.x. ISSN 1945-9432.
  2. ^ Strahan, Ronald; Conder, Pamela (2007). Dictionary of Australian and New Guinean Mammals. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 9780643100060.
  3. ^ a b Jackson, S.M.; Groves, C. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian Mammals. Csiro Publishing. p. 267. ISBN 9781486300136.
  4. ^ a b Tomes, R.F. (1858). "A monograph of the genus Nyctophilus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1858 (26): 25–37. ISSN 0370-2774.
  5. ^ a b c d e Parnaby, H. E. (January 2009). "A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa". Australian Zoologist. 35 (1): 39–81. doi:10.7882/AZ.2009.005.
  6. ^ a b c d "Genus Nyctophilus Leach, 1821". Australian Faunal Directory. biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Andrew, D. (2015). Complete Guide to Finding the Mammals of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. p. 330. ISBN 9780643098145.
  8. ^ Hall, L.S.; Woodside, D.P. (1989). "42. Vespertilionidae". Fauna of Australia. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service. ISBN 9780644060561.
  9. ^ Richards, G.C.; Hall, L.S.; Parish, S. (photography) (2012). A natural history of Australian bats : working the night shift. CSIRO Pub. ISBN 9780643103740.
  10. ^ Johnson, D.H. (1959). "Four new mammals from the Northern Territory of Australia". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 72: 183–187. ISSN 0006-324X.
  11. ^ a b Thomas, Oldfield (1915). "Notes on the genus Nyctophilus". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 15 (89): 493–499. doi:10.1080/00222931508693662. ISSN 0374-5481.
  12. ^ Parnaby, Harry E.; King, Andrew G.; Eldridge, Mark D. B. (2021-05-19). "A new bat species from southwestern Western Australia, previously assigned to Gould's Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus gouldi Tomes, 1858". Records of the Australian Museum. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  13. ^ McKean, John L. (1975). "Bats of Lord Howe Island with the description of a new Nyctophiline bat". Journal of the Australian Mammal Society. 1 (4): 329–32.
  14. ^ Parnaby, H. E. (2002). "A new species of long-eared bat (Nyctophilus: Vespertilionidae) from New Caledonia". Australian Mammalogy. 23 (2): 115–124. doi:10.1071/am01115. ISSN 1836-7402. S2CID 87537165.
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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Nyctophilus is a genus of the vespertilionids or vesper bats. They are often termed Australian big-eared bats or long-eared bats, as the length of their ears often greatly exceeds that of the head. This genus occurs in the New Guinean-Australian region.

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Nyctophilus ( kastilia )

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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Nyctophilus es un género de murciélago de la familia de los vespertiliónidos.

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Nyctophilus ( ranska )

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Nyctophilus est un genre de chauves-souris.

Liste des espèces

Voir aussi

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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Nyctophilus est un genre de chauves-souris.

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Nyctophilus ( Italia )

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Nyctophilus (Leach, 1821) è un genere di pipistrelli della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi.

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Al genere Nyctophilus appartengono pipistrelli di piccole dimensioni, con lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 38 e 75 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 31 e 47 mm e un peso fino a 20 g.[1]

Caratteristiche craniche e dentarie

Il cranio è molto simile a quello del genere Antrozous, con una scatola cranica alta e liscia, il rostro e la bolla timpanica relativamente grandi. Il palato si restringe gradualmente, mentre la regione inter-orbitale non è particolarmente depressa. Gli incisivi inferiori hanno la corona bassa e tricuspidata. Quelli superiori sono lunghi circa la metà dei canini. I denti masticatori sono normali.

Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:

3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 Totale: 30 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;

Aspetto

Il muso è lungo e termina con un'escrescenza carnosa discoidale sulla quale si aprono le narici, il cui margine superiore è talvolta diviso da un solco e dietro alla quale è presente un grosso rigonfiamento. Le orecchie sono grandi, ovali, angolate in avanti e unite solitamente alla base da una membrana cutanea. Il trago è corto, triangolare e con l'estremità arrotondata. Le ali sono attaccate posteriormente alla base delle dita dei piedi. Il secondo e terzo metacarpo sono circa uguali, essendo il terzo alquanto più corto. La coda è lunga ed inclusa nell'ampio uropatagio. Il calcar è molto lungo e spesso provvisto di un lobo terminale di rinforzo.

Distribuzione

Il genere è diffuso in alcune isole della Piccola Sonda, inclusa probabilmente Timor, e dalla Nuova Guinea fino all'Australia e alla Tasmania.

Tassonomia

Il genere comprende 15 specie.[2]

Recenti studi hanno stabilito che il taxon Nyctophilus timoriensis è un nomen nudum e le forme assegnate precedentemente ad esso sono state ridistribuite in 5 differenti specie. Tuttavia rimane ancora non chiara la posizione tassonomica di eventuali individui recentemente catturati sull'isola di Timor, i quali potrebbero appartenere a Nyctophilus heran oppure ad una nuova specie.[3]

Note

  1. ^ Novak, 1999.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Nyctophilus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Parnaby, 2009.

Bibliografia

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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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Nyctophilus (Leach, 1821) è un genere di pipistrelli della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi.

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Nyctophilus ( flaami )

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Nyctophilus is een geslacht van vleermuis uit de familie der gladneuzen dat voorkomt in Australië en op Timor, Lembata, Nieuw-Guinea, Lord Howe en Nieuw-Caledonië. Dit geslacht is het nauwst verwant aan de zeldzame Nieuw-Guinese soort Pharotis imogene. De Nyctophilus-Pharotis-groep werd vroeger gezien als een aparte onderfamilie, de Nyctophilinae, maar is nu al gereduceerd tot de geslachtengroep Nyctophilini, en genetisch onderzoek geeft aan dat Nyctophilus een clade vormt met twee andere Australische geslachten, Vespadelus en Chalinolobus (van Pharotis is genetisch niets bekend).

Het zijn kleine tot middelgrote gladneuzen. De leden van dit geslacht zijn te herkennen aan de grote oren, die op het voorhoofd verbonden zijn door een huidplooi. Deze dieren hebben, anders dan andere gladneuzen, een klein neusblad.

Dit geslacht omvat de volgende soorten:

Literatuur

  • Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of New Guinea. 2nd ed. Chatswood, New South Wales: Reed Books, 568 pp. ISBN 0 7301 0411 7
  • Hoofer, S.R. & Van Den Bussche, R.A. 2003. Molecular phylogenetics of the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae. Acta Chiropterologica 5(suppl.):1-63.
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
  • Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

Nyctophilus is een geslacht van vleermuis uit de familie der gladneuzen dat voorkomt in Australië en op Timor, Lembata, Nieuw-Guinea, Lord Howe en Nieuw-Caledonië. Dit geslacht is het nauwst verwant aan de zeldzame Nieuw-Guinese soort Pharotis imogene. De Nyctophilus-Pharotis-groep werd vroeger gezien als een aparte onderfamilie, de Nyctophilinae, maar is nu al gereduceerd tot de geslachtengroep Nyctophilini, en genetisch onderzoek geeft aan dat Nyctophilus een clade vormt met twee andere Australische geslachten, Vespadelus en Chalinolobus (van Pharotis is genetisch niets bekend).

Het zijn kleine tot middelgrote gladneuzen. De leden van dit geslacht zijn te herkennen aan de grote oren, die op het voorhoofd verbonden zijn door een huidplooi. Deze dieren hebben, anders dan andere gladneuzen, een klein neusblad.

Dit geslacht omvat de volgende soorten:

Nyctophilus arnhemensis (Noordwest-Australië) Nyctophilus bifax (Noord- en Oost-Australië en Nieuw-Guinea) Nyctophilus geoffroyi (Australië behalve Noordoost-Queensland) Nyctophilus gouldi (Zuidwest- en Oost-Australië) Nyctophilus heran (Lembata, Kleine Soenda-eilanden, Indonesië) Nyctophilus howensis (uitgestorven; vroeger op Lord Howe, Australië) Nyctophilus microdon (Nieuw-Guinea) Nyctophilus microtis (Nieuw-Guinea) Nyctophilus nebulosus (Nieuw-Caledonië) Nyctophilus timoriensis (Timor, Nieuw-Guinea en Australië) Nyctophilus walkeri (Noord-Australië)
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Nocolubek ( puola )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Nocolubek[4] (Nyctophilus) – rodzaj ssaka z podrodziny mroczków (Vespertilioninae) w rodzinie mroczkowatych (Vespertilionidae).

Zasięg występowania

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące na kontynencie australijskim, w Indonezji i na Papui-Nowej Gwinei[5].

Systematyka

Etymologia

  • Nyctophilus: gr. νυξ nux, νυκτος nuktos – noc; φιλος philos – kochający, od φιλεω phileō – kochać, od φιλος philos – miłośnik, wielbiciel[6].
  • Lamingtona: Mount Lamington, stratowulkan, prowincja Oro, Papua-Nowa Gwinea[3]. Gatunek typowy: Lamingtona lophorhina McKean & Calaby, 1968 (= Nyctophilus microtis Thomas, 1888).

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[5][4]:

Przypisy

  1. Nyctophilus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. W.E. Leach. The Characters of three new Genera of Bats without foliaceous Appendages to the Nose. „Transactions of the Linnean Society of London”. 13 (1), s. 78, 1821 (ang.).
  3. a b J.L. McKean & J.H. Calaby. A new genus and two new species of bats from New Guinea. „Mammalia”. 32, s. 372, 1981 (ang.).
  4. a b W. Cichocki, A. Ważna, J. Cichocki, E. Rajska-Jurgiel, A. Jasiński & W. Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 119. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9. (pol.ang.)
  5. a b Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Nyctophilus. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2017-06-29]
  6. T.S. Palmer: Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, s. 467, seria: North American Fauna. (ang.)
  7. H.E. Parnaby. A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa. „Australian Zoologist”. 35 (1), s. 39–81, 2009 (ang.).
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Nocolubek: Brief Summary ( puola )

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Nocolubek (Nyctophilus) – rodzaj ssaka z podrodziny mroczków (Vespertilioninae) w rodzinie mroczkowatych (Vespertilionidae).

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Nyctophilus ( portugali )

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Nyctophilus é um gênero de morcegos da família Vespertilionidae. Encontrado na Austrália, Nova Guiné, Timor e ilhas adjacentes.

Espécies

Referências

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( portugali )

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Nyctophilus é um gênero de morcegos da família Vespertilionidae. Encontrado na Austrália, Nova Guiné, Timor e ilhas adjacentes.

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Nyctophilus ( ruotsi )

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Nyctophilus[1] är ett släkte av fladdermöss som ingår i familjen läderlappar.[1]

Utseende

Arterna blir 38 till 75 mm långa (huvud och bål), har en 30 till 55 mm lång svans och väger 4 till 20 g. De har 31 till 47 mm långa underarmar och cirka 25 mm långa öron. Ofta är öronen sammanlänkade med en smal husremsa. Pälsens färg varierar mellan ljusbrun, orangebrun, mörkbrun och gråaktig. I motsats till de flesta andra läderlappar har arterna en liten hästskoformig hudflik (blad) över näsan. Bara arten Pharotis imogene har en liknande hudflik.[2] Båda släkten sammanfattas i underfamiljen Nyctophilinae eller i tribus Nyctophilini.[3]

Ekologi

Habitatet utgörs av skogar, buskskogar och torra landskap. Individerna vilar i bergssprickor, i trädens håligheter eller under lösa barkskivor. Nyctophilus geoffroyi gömmer sig även i byggnader. Beroende på art sover individerna ensam eller i flockar med upp till 100 medlemmar. Populationer som lever i tempererade regioner håller ibland vinterdvala. På natten jagar dessa fladdermöss insekter.[2]

Honor föder en eller två ungar per kull. Hos Nyctophilus gouldi sker parningen vanligen före vintern och sedan förvaras hanens sädesceller i honans könsdelar. Äggens befruktning äger under våren rum. Ungar av denna art kan flyga efter 4 till 5 veckor. Könsmognaden infaller för honor efter 7 till 9 månader och för hannar efter 12 till 15 månader.[2]

Arter

Arter enligt Wilson & Reeder (2005)[3] samt IUCN[4]:

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/nyctophilus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ [a b c] Ronald M. Nowak, red (1999). ”Nyctophilus” (på engelska). Walker’s Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press. sid. 468-469. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
  3. ^ [a b] Wilson & Reeder, red (2005). Nyctophilus (på engelska). Mammal Species of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
  4. ^ Nyctophilus på IUCN:s rödlista, läst 20 april 2015.

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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( ruotsi )

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Nyctophilus är ett släkte av fladdermöss som ingår i familjen läderlappar.

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Nyctophilus ( ukraina )

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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( ukraina )

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Nyctophilus — рід ссавців родини лиликових.

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Nyctophilus ( vietnam )

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Nyctophilus là một chi động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Chi này được Leach miêu tả năm 1821.[1] Loài điển hình của chi này là Nyctophilus geoffroyi Leach, 1821.

Các loài

Chi này gồm các loài:

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Nyctophilus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

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Nyctophilus: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

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Nyctophilus là một chi động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Chi này được Leach miêu tả năm 1821. Loài điển hình của chi này là Nyctophilus geoffroyi Leach, 1821.

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뉴기니긴귀박쥐속 ( Korea )

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뉴기니긴귀박쥐속(Nyctophilus)은 애기박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐 속의 하나이다.[1]

하위 종

각주

  1. D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2005: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
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