dcsimg
Sivun Mycena overholtsii A. H. Sm. & Solheim 1953 kuva
Life » » Fungi » » Kantasienet » » Mycenaceae »

Mycena overholtsii A. H. Sm. & Solheim 1953

Mycena overholtsii ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Mycena overholtsii, commonly known as the snowbank fairy helmet or fuzzy foot, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. The mushrooms produced by the fungus are relatively large for the genus Mycena, with convex grayish caps up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter and stems up to 15 cm (6 in) long. The gills on the underside of the cap are whitish to pale gray, and initially closely spaced before becoming well-spaced at maturity after the cap enlarges. The mushrooms are characterized by the dense covering of white "hairs" on the base of the stem. M. overholtsii is an example of a snowbank fungus, growing on well-decayed conifer logs near snowbanks, during or just after snowmelt. Formerly known only from high-elevation areas of western North America, particularly the Rocky Mountain and Cascade regions, it was reported for the first time in Japan in 2010. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. M. overholtsii can be distinguished from other comparable species by differences in location, or spore size.

History and naming

The species was first described by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Wilhelm Solheim in 1953, on the basis of specimens collected in the Medicine Bow Mountains of Albany County, Wyoming.[1] The specific epithet honors the early 20th-century American mycologist Lee Oras Overholts.[2] It is commonly known as the "snowbank fairy helmet",[3] or "fuzzy foot",[4] although it shares the latter name with Tapinella atrotomentosa[5] and Xeromphalina campanella.[6] M. overholtsii has been given the Japanese name yukitsutsumikunugitake.[7]

Description

View of the gills and tomentose stem
The cap of this mature specimen has a broad umbo, and radial striations on the margin.

Mycena overholtsii produces some of the largest mushrooms of the genus Mycena.[8] They have caps that are 1.5 to 5 cm (12 to 2 in) in diameter, and convex in shape, developing an umbo (a central protrusion resembling a nipple) in maturity. The cap surface is smooth, moist, and marked with radial striations.[9] The caps are somewhat hygrophanous, and depending on age and state of hydration, range in color from brown or grayish-brown,[10] to dark or bluish-gray. The mushroom flesh is thin and watery, with a light gray color.[2]

The gills have an adnate, adnexed, or shallowly decurrent attachment to the stem, and are initially closely spaced before becoming well-spaced at maturity.[11] They have a whitish to pale gray color, and will stain gray when they are bruised.[12] There are three or four tiers of lamellulae (short gills that do not extend fully from the cap margin to the stem) interspersed between the gills.[11] The stem is 4 to 15 cm (1+12 to 6 in) long by 0.3 to 1 cm (18 to 38 in) thick, and tapers upward so that the stem apex is slightly thinner than the base.[9] It can be straight or curved, has cartilage-like flesh, and is hollow in maturity.[11] When growing on soft, well-decayed wood, the stem often penetrates deeply into the substrate.[3] The stem is pinkish-brown in color, and the lower half is tomentose – densely covered with white, woolly hairs.[10] The mushroom has a yeast-like odor and a mild taste;[13] its edibility is unknown,[10] but it is not considered poisonous.[9]

Microscopic characteristics

Viewed in deposit, as with a spore print, the spores appear white. Microscopically, the spores are roughly elliptical, sometimes appearing bean-shaped, with dimensions of 5.5–7 by 3–3.5 μm. They are thin-walled and smooth, and bear an indistinct hilar appendage.[11] The spores are amyloid, meaning they will absorb iodine and turn black to blue-black when stained with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored. The cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge), which are scattered and interspersed with basidia, are roughly cylindric to fusoid (spindle-shaped), smooth, hyaline (translucent), and measure 45–65 by 2–5.5 μm. Pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill face) are uncommon, and similar in appearance to the cheilocystidia. The cap cuticle is an ixocutis (a fungal tissue type in which the hyphae are gelatinous and lie flat) with mostly smooth hyphae that are 1.5–3.5 μm in diameter. The cap flesh is dextrinoid, meaning it will turn reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent. Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of M. overholtsii.[13]

Similar species

M. maculata
M. galericulata

Other similar mycenas that grow in clusters on wood include M. maculata and M. galericulata. The fruit bodies of M. maculata often develop red stains as they mature, but this characteristic is inconsistent and cannot be reliably used for identification. Its spores are larger than that of M. overholtsii, measuring 7–10 by 4–6 μm.[14] M. galericulata is very similar in appearance to M. maculata, but does not undergo reddish staining; its spores are 8–12 by 5.5–9 μm.[14] Another similar species is M. semivestipes,[15] which can be distinguished by its bleach-like odor, an eastern North American distribution, fruiting season during summer and autumn, and small spores measuring 4–5 by 2.5–3 μm.[16]

Habitat and distribution

This species is sometimes found singly, but more often in clusters on well-rotted conifer logs and stumps (often Douglas-fir) near melting snowbanks,[3] or sometimes in moist snow chambers formed by receding snow.[12] Cool nighttime temperatures reduce the snowmelt rate, and help ensure that spores released by the mushroom will be dispersed into the soil.[9] The mushroom is common in western North America, particularly the Pacific Northwest, the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade mountains. It has been reported in four US states: South Dakota,[17] California, Washington and Wyoming, but is not known in Oregon.[13] It is also found in western Canada.[18] The mushroom is restricted to areas with minimum elevations of 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[8] In 2010, it was reported growing in the boreal coniferous forests of Hokkaido, Japan, in plantations of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis), as well as in natural forests dominated by both Sakhalin fir and Jezo spruce (Picea jezoensis).[7] In North America, the mushroom usually appears between March and July;[13] Japanese collections were made in May.[7] The fruiting period can be prolonged, especially in areas with heavy snowfall,[19] or at high elevations where the snowmelt is delayed.[9]

References

  1. ^ Smith AH, Solheim WG (1953). "New and unusual fleshy fungi from Wyoming". Madroño. 12 (4): 103–9.
  2. ^ a b Evenson VS. (1997). Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains. Denver, Colorado: Westcliffe Publishers. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-56579-192-3.
  3. ^ a b c McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987). A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 175. ISBN 0-395-91090-0.
  4. ^ Cripps C. (2009). "Snowbank fungi revisited" (PDF). Fungi. 2 (1): 47–53.
  5. ^ Russell B. (2006). Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0.
  6. ^ Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2007). Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5.
  7. ^ a b c Cha JY, Lee SY, Chun KW, Lee SY, Ohga S (2010). "A new record of a snowbank fungus, Mycena overholtsii, from Japan". 九州大学農学部紀要 (Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University). 55 (1): 77–78. doi:10.5109/17804. ISSN 0023-6152.
  8. ^ a b Castellano MA, O'Dell T (1997). Management Recommendations for Survey and Manage (Group 16). Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan (Report). U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  9. ^ a b c d e Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  10. ^ a b c Orr DB, Orr RT (1979). Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 238. ISBN 0-520-03656-5.
  11. ^ a b c d Wood M, Stevens F. "Mycena overholtzii". California Fungi. MykoWeb. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  12. ^ a b Phillips R. (2005). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 95. ISBN 1-55407-115-1.
  13. ^ a b c d Castellano MA, Smith JE, O'Dell T, Cázares E, Nugent S (1999). Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-476 (PDF) (Report). Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. S1-73.
  14. ^ a b Trudell S, Ammirati J (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 127–129. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
  15. ^ Maas Geesteranus RS. (1992). "Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere". Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. 90 (2): 284.
  16. ^ Kuo M. (September 2010). "Mycena semivestipes". MushroomExpert.com. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  17. ^ Gabel AC, Gabel ML (2007). "Comparison of diversity of macrofungi and vascular plants at seven sites in the Black Hills of South Dakota". American Midland Naturalist. 157 (2): 258–96. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[258:codoma]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 4500617. S2CID 86055421.
  18. ^ Farr DF, Bills GF, Chamuris GP, Rossman AY (1989). Fungi on plants and plant products in the United States. St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press. ISBN 978-0-89054-099-2.
  19. ^ Smith AH, Weber NS (1980). The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. p. 150. ISBN 0-472-85610-3.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia authors and editors
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia EN

Mycena overholtsii: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Mycena overholtsii, commonly known as the snowbank fairy helmet or fuzzy foot, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. The mushrooms produced by the fungus are relatively large for the genus Mycena, with convex grayish caps up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter and stems up to 15 cm (6 in) long. The gills on the underside of the cap are whitish to pale gray, and initially closely spaced before becoming well-spaced at maturity after the cap enlarges. The mushrooms are characterized by the dense covering of white "hairs" on the base of the stem. M. overholtsii is an example of a snowbank fungus, growing on well-decayed conifer logs near snowbanks, during or just after snowmelt. Formerly known only from high-elevation areas of western North America, particularly the Rocky Mountain and Cascade regions, it was reported for the first time in Japan in 2010. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. M. overholtsii can be distinguished from other comparable species by differences in location, or spore size.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia authors and editors
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia EN

Mycena overholtsii ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Mycena overholtsii, es una especie de hongo basidiomiceto de la familia Mycenaceae.

Características

La forma del sombrero (píleo) es convexa y los ejemplares maduros tienen en la parte central una protuberancia similar a un pesón, llegan a medir entre 1,5 a 5 centímetros de diámetro, la superficie es lisa y húmeda y de color amarronado claro a grisáceo. el tallo es grueso y de un color marrón rosado, el pie está cubierto de pelos blancos, no se tiene información sobre si estos hongos son comestibles. Se los encuentra en América del Norte, en las altas montañas, cerca de los bancos de nieve, donde crecen agrupados sobre troncos de pinos caídos o restos de hojas caídas de Pseudotsuga.

Referencias

  • McKnight VB, McKnight KH. (1987). A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 175. ISBN 0-395-91090-0.
  • Evenson VS. (1997). Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains. Westcliffe Publishers. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-56579-192-3

 title=
lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia ES

Mycena overholtsii: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Mycena overholtsii, es una especie de hongo basidiomiceto de la familia Mycenaceae.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia ES

Mycena overholtsii ( Indonesia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ID


Mycena overholtsii Mycena overholtsii 333331.jpg Klasifikasi ilmiah Kingdom: Fungi Divisi: Basidiomycota Kelas: Agaricomycetes Ordo: Agaricales Famili: Mycenaceae Genus: Mycena Spesies: M. overholtsii Nama binomial Mycena overholtsii
A.H.Sm. & Solheim (1953)

Mycena overholtsii, umumnya dikenal dengan nama helm peri salju atau kaki bulu, adalah spesies jamur pada famili Mycenaceae. Payung jamur yang muncul secara relatif berukuran besar pada genus Mycena, dengan payung berbentuk cembung berwarna kelabu yang dapat mencapai diameter 5 cm (2,0 in) dan batang yang dapat mencapai tinggi 15 cm (5,9 in). Lapisan bawah dari payung berwarna kelabu pucat, dan pada awalnya akan terbelah-belah kecil yang kemudian semakin membesar saat payung jamur semakin matang. Jamur ini memiliki karakteristik unik yakni lapisan lebat “rambut” berwarna putih pada bagian bawah dari batang. M. overholtsii adalah jenis jamur salju, tumbuh pada batang konifer yang membusuk dengan baik dekat tumpukan saljut, selama atau setelah salju mencair. Pada awalnya jamur ini dilaporkan hanya dapat ditemukan di dataran tinggi di bagian barat Amerika Utara, terutama pada pegunungan Rocky dan air terjun. Jamur ini pertama kali dilaporkan ditemukan di luar tempat tersebut pada 2010 di Jepang. Keamanan untuk konsumsi jamur ini belum diketahui. M. overholtsii dapat dibedakan dengan spesies sejenis lain dengan melihat pada perbedaan lokasi dan ukuran spora.

Sejarah dan penamaan

Spesien ini pertama kali ditemukan oleh Alexander H. Smith dan Wilhelm Solheim pada 1953, dalam kumpulan spesimen yang dikumpulkan dari Medicine Bow Mountains di Albany County, Wyoming.[1] Jamur ini dinamai demikian untuk menghormati mikolog Amerika dari awal abad kedua puluh Lee Oras Overholts.[2] Jamur ini umumnya dikenal dengan sebutan "helm peri salju",[3] atau "kaki bulu,[4] meskipun jamur ini memiliki kesamaan nama dengan Tapinella atrotomentosa[5] dan Xeromphalina campanella.[6] M. overholtsii telah diberi nama Jepang yakni yukitsutsumikunugitake.[7]

Deskripsi

 src=
Tampilan insang jamur dan batang
 src=
Payung dari spesimen yang telah dewasa ini memiliki ukuran umbo yang besar dan ulir radial di sekelilingnya.

Mycena overholtsii menumbuhkan payung jamur terbesar pada genus Mycena.[8] Spesies ini memiliki payung jamur yang berdiameter 1,5 hingga 5 cm (0,6 hingga 2,0 in) berbentuk cembung dan memiliki umbo (bagian menonjol di tengah payung jamur yang berbentuk mirip puting) saat dewasa. Permukaan payung halis,lembab, dan ditandai dengan uliran radial.[9] Payung jamur bersifat hygrophanous, dan tergantung pada durasi dan kondisi hidrasi, dapat berwarna cokelat atau cokelat kelabu,[10] sampai kelabu gelap atau kebiruan. Daging jamur berukuran kecil dan basah, dengan warna kelabu muda.[2] Insang jamur memiliki adnate, adnexed, atau pecabangan batang yang tertancap dangkal, dan pada awalnya berdekatan yang kemudian semakin berjarak saat semakin dewasa.[11] Insang jamur berwarna putih hingga kelabu pucat dan kelabu saat terluka.[12] Terdapat tiga hingga empat lapis lamellulae (insang pendek yang tidak sepenuhnya kelyar dari payung jamur ke batang) yang berselingan di antara insang.[11] Batang jamur mencapai panjang 4 hingga 15 cm (1,6 hingga 5,9 in) dengan ketebalan 0,3 hingga 1 cm (0,1 hingga 0,4 in) dan meruncing ke atas sehingga bagian batang jamur akan sedikit lebih besar dari ujungnya.[9] Bentuk batang dapat lurus atau melengkung dan memiliki kartilago yang mirip daging jamur, dan berongga di tengah saat dewasa.[11] Saat tumbuh pada kayu yang lembut dan membusuk dengan cukup baik, batang jamur biasanya menembus cukup dalam hingga ke bagian substrate.[3] Batang jamur berwarna pink kecokelatan dan bagian bawahnya adalah tomentose – tertutup dengan rambut putih tebal yang lebat.[10] Jamur memiliki bau seperti ragi dan rasa yang tidak begitu kuat;[13] Kemanan untuk konsumsi masih belum diketahui,[10], tidak dikategorikan segabagai jamur yang beracun.[9]

Karakteristik Mikroskopis

Saat dilihat pada mikroskop spora tampak berwarna putih. Secara mikropis, spora berbentuk elips kasar yang seringkali berbentuk seperti buncis dengan dimensi of 5.5–7.0 dan 3.0–3.5 µm. Sprora berdinding tipis dan halus, dan tonjolan hilar.[11] Spora bersifat amiloid, yang artinya bersifat menyerap iodine dan berubah warna menjadi hitam atau navy saat ditandai dengan Melzer's reagent. Basidia (Kamar yang menyimpan spora) berisi empat spora. Cheilocystidia (cystidia pada ujung insang), yang tersebar dan berselingan dengan basidia, berbentuk silinder kasar hingga fusoid (berbentuk mirip galah), halus, hyaline (transparant), dan berukutan 45–65 sampai 2–5.5 µm. Pleurocystidia (cystidia pada wajah insang) jarnag ditemui dan memiliki tampilan yang sama dengan cheilocystidia. Kutikel payung bersifat ixocutis (tipe jaringan jamur di mana hypha bergelatin dan mendatar) dengan hyphae yang umumnya halur dengan diameter 1.5–3.5 µm. Daging jamur bersifat dextrinoid, yakni akan berubah warna menjadi merah kecokelatan pada Melzer's reagent. Koneksi Clamp ditemui pada hyphae M. overholtsii.[13]

Spesies sejenis

 src=
M. maculata
 src=
M. galericulata

Mycenas sejenis yang tumbuh pada sekumpulan kayu antara lain M. maculata dan M. galericulata. Badan buah dari M. maculata biasanya menjadi berwarna merah saat menjadi dewasa, tetapi karakteristik ini tidak konsisten ditemui dan tidak tepat untuk dijadikan alat identifikasi. Sporanya lebih besar dari M. overholtsii, berukuran 7–10 sampai 4–6 µm. M. galericulata berbentuk sangat mirip dengan M. maculata, tetapi tidak mengalami perubahan warna menjadi kemerahan. Sporanya berukuran 8–12 sampai 5.5–9 µm.[14] Spesies lain sejenis yakni M. semivestipes,[15] yang dapat dibedakan dengan baunya yang seperti pemutih, lokasi penemuan di bagian timur Amerika Utara, musim pembuahan selama musim panas dan gugur, dan spora berukuran kecil yakni 4–5 sampai 2.5–3 µm.[16]

Habitat dan penyebaran

Spesies ini biasanya ditemukan tunggal, tetapi sering ditemukan berkelompok pada batang konifer dan akar kayu (biasanya Douglas-fir) yang membusuk dengan baik di dekat tumpukan salju yang mencair,[3] atau kadang-kadang pada rongga salju lembab yang terbentuk akibat pencairan salju.[12] Suhu di malam hari yang dingin mengurangi curah pencairan dan membantu memastikan spora yang dilepaskan jamur akan masuk ke dalam tanah.[9] Jamur ini umum ditemui di daerah barat Amerika Utara,terutama pada Pacific Northwest, Pegunungan Rocky and the Pegunungan Cascade. Jamur ini dilaporkan telah ditemui pada empat negara bagian: Dakota Selatan,[17] California, Washington dan Wyoming, tetepi tidak di Oregon.[13] Jamur ini juga ditemui Kanada bagian barat.[18] Jamur ini hanya dapat ditemui pada daerah dengan elevasi 1000 m (3300 ft).[8] Pada 2010, jamur ini dilaporkan tumbuh pada hutan konifer boreal di Hokkaido, Jepang, di antara kebun Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis), begitu pula pada hutan alam yang didonimasi oleh Sakhalin fir dan Jezo spruce (Picea jezoensis).[7] Di Amerika jamur ini biasanya dapay ditemui pada bulan Maret dan Juli.;[13] Di Jepang biasanya ditemui di Mei.[7] Periode pembuahan dapat diperpanjang, terutama di daerah dengan hujan salju yang tinggi,[19] atau pada elevasi tinggi di mana pencairan salju menjadi terhambat.[9]

Referensi

  1. ^ Smith AH, Solheim WG. (1953). "New and unusual fleshy fungi from Wyoming". Madroño. 12 (4): 103–9.
  2. ^ a b Evenson VS. (1997). Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains. Denver, Colorado: Westcliffe Publishers. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-1-56579-192-3.
  3. ^ a b c McKnight VB, McKnight KH. (1987). A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. hlm. 175. ISBN 0-395-91090-0.
  4. ^ Cripps C. (2009). "Snowbank fungi revisited" (PDF). Fungi. 2 (1): 47–53.
  5. ^ Russell B. (2006). Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. hlm. 92. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0.
  6. ^ Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR. (2007). Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. hlm. 201. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c Cha JY, Lee SY, Chun KW, Lee SY, Ohga S. (2010). "A new record of a snowbank fungus, Mycena overholtsii, from Japan" (PDF). 九州大学農学部紀要 (Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University). 55 (1): 77–78. ISSN 0023-6152.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  8. ^ a b Castellano MA, O'Dell T. (1997). Management Recommendations for Survey and Manage (Group 16). Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan (Laporan). U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. Diakses tanggal 2011-06-13.
  9. ^ a b c d e Miller HR, Miller OK. (2006). North American Mushrooms: a Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guide. hlm. 168. ISBN 0-7627-3109-5.
  10. ^ a b c Orr DB, Orr RT. (1979). Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. hlm. 238. ISBN 0-520-03656-5.
  11. ^ a b c d Wood M, Stevens F. "Mycena overholtzii". California Fungi. MykoWeb. Diakses tanggal 2011-06-13.
  12. ^ a b Phillips R. (2005). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. hlm. 95. ISBN 1-55407-115-1.
  13. ^ a b c d Castellano MA, Smith JE, O'Dell T, Cázares E, Nugent S. (1999). Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-476 (PDF) (Laporan). Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. hlm. S1-73.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Ammirati J, Trudell S. (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. hlm. 129. ISBN 0-88192-935-2.
  15. ^ Maas Geesteranus RS. (1992). "Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere". Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. 90 (2): 284.
  16. ^ Kuo M. (September 2010). "Mycena semivestipes". MushroomExpert.com. Diakses tanggal 2011-06-13.
  17. ^ Gabel AC, Gabel ML. (2007). "Comparison of diversity of macrofungi and vascular plants at seven sites in the Black Hills of South Dakota". American Midland Naturalist. 157 (2): 258–96. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[258:codoma]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 4500617.
  18. ^ Farr DF, Bills GF, Chamuris GP, Rossman AY. (1989). Fungi on plants and plant products in the United States. St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press. ISBN 978-0-89054-099-2.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Smith AH, Weber NS. (1980). The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. hlm. 150. ISBN 0-472-85610-3.

Pranala luar

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Penulis dan editor Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia ID

Mycena overholtsii: Brief Summary ( Indonesia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ID

Mycena overholtsii, umumnya dikenal dengan nama helm peri salju atau kaki bulu, adalah spesies jamur pada famili Mycenaceae. Payung jamur yang muncul secara relatif berukuran besar pada genus Mycena, dengan payung berbentuk cembung berwarna kelabu yang dapat mencapai diameter 5 cm (2,0 in) dan batang yang dapat mencapai tinggi 15 cm (5,9 in). Lapisan bawah dari payung berwarna kelabu pucat, dan pada awalnya akan terbelah-belah kecil yang kemudian semakin membesar saat payung jamur semakin matang. Jamur ini memiliki karakteristik unik yakni lapisan lebat “rambut” berwarna putih pada bagian bawah dari batang. M. overholtsii adalah jenis jamur salju, tumbuh pada batang konifer yang membusuk dengan baik dekat tumpukan saljut, selama atau setelah salju mencair. Pada awalnya jamur ini dilaporkan hanya dapat ditemukan di dataran tinggi di bagian barat Amerika Utara, terutama pada pegunungan Rocky dan air terjun. Jamur ini pertama kali dilaporkan ditemukan di luar tempat tersebut pada 2010 di Jepang. Keamanan untuk konsumsi jamur ini belum diketahui. M. overholtsii dapat dibedakan dengan spesies sejenis lain dengan melihat pada perbedaan lokasi dan ukuran spora.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Penulis dan editor Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia ID

Mycena overholtsii ( portugali )

tarjonnut wikipedia PT

Mycena overholtsii é uma espécie de cogumelo da família Mycenaceae. Seu corpo de frutificação possui um chapéu marrom-acinzentado, liso e de formato convexo. Quando maduro, apresenta um umbo central e atinge 5 cm de diâmetro. As lamelas da face inferior do chapéu são esbranquiçadas ou cinza-pálido, apinhadas a princípio, ficam espaçadas depois que o fungo cresce. Já o tronco chega a 15 cm de altura, tem cor marrom-rosado e sua base é densamente coberta com "pêlos" brancos lanosos. O cogumelo tem um odor parecido com o de levedura e um sabor suave; a sua comestibilidade é desconhecida, mas não é considerado venenoso.

Seu nome é uma homenagem ao micologista norte-americano Lee Oras Overholts, feita por Alexander Smith e Wilhelm Solheim, cientistas que descreveram a espécie em 1953. Comum no oeste da América do Norte, especialmente no Noroeste Pacífico, nas Montanhas Rochosas e na Cordilheira das Cascatas, o cogumelo cresce geralmente em grupos sobre toras apodrecidas de coníferas, como a Pseudotsuga menziesii. Também já foi encontrado em plantações e florestas no Japão. Os corpos de frutificação surgem entre março e julho, mas esse período pode ser prolongado, especialmente em áreas com fortes nevascas ou em altas altitudes. Há uma preferência notável por áreas elevadas, de modo que sua ocorrência é restrita a regiões com mais de mil metros de altitude.

Taxonomia

A espécie foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez pelos micologistas Alexander H. Smith e Wilhelm Solheim em 1953, com base em exemplares coletados nas Montanhas Medicine Bow no condado de Albany, no estado de Wyoming, Estados Unidos.[1] O epíteto específico homenageia o micologista norte-americano Lee Oras Overholts.[2] Em língua inglesa, o cogumelo é popularmente conhecido como "snowbank fairy helmet" ou "fuzzy foot".[3][4] Embora este último nome seja compartilhado com Tapinella atrotomentosa e Xeromphalina campanella.[5][6] Já em japonês é chamado de "yukitsutsumikunugitake".[7]

Descrição

 src=
Na face inferior do chapéu é possível ver as lamelas

Mycena overholtsii produz alguns dos maiores corpos de frutificação do gênero Mycena.[8] Eles têm píleos ("chapéus") que medem de 1,5 a 5 centímetros de diâmetro, de formato convexo, e que desenvolvem um umbo (uma saliência central semelhante a um mamilo) na maturidade. A superfície do chapéu é lisa, úmida, e marcada com estrias radiais.[9] Os píleos são um pouco higrofanosos, e dependendo da idade e estado de hidratação, variam na cor de marrom ou marrom-acinzentado a cinza escuro.[10] A carne do cogumelo é fina e aquosa, com uma cor cinza claro.[2]

 src=
O chapéu do cogumelo maduro tem um umbo no centro e estrias radiais nas bordas.

As lamelas aderem de maneira adnata, adnexa, ou superficialmente ao tronco, e são inicialmente apinhadas mas depois ficam bem espaçadas quando o cogumelo amadurece.[11] Elas têm uma cor esbranquiçada a cinza pálido, e se mancham de cinza quando são danificadas.[12] Há três ou quatro fileiras de lamélulas (lamelas curtas que não se estendem completamente da margem do chapéu até o tronco) intercaladas entre as lamelas.[11] A estipe mede de 4 a 15 cm de comprimento por 0,3 a 1 cm de espessura. Ela se estreita para cima de modo que seu vértice é ligeiramente mais fino do que sua base.[9] Pode ser reta ou curva, tem uma carne parecida com cartilagem, e é oca no cogumelo maduro.[11] Quando cresce sobre a madeira apodrecida e macia, a estipe muitas vezes penetra profundamente no substrato.[3] Ela tem uma coloração marrom-rosado, e sua metade inferior é tomentosa - densamente coberta com "pêlos" brancos lanosos.[10] O cogumelo tem um odor parecido com o de levedura e um sabor suave;[13] a sua comestibilidade é desconhecida,[10] mas não é considerado venenoso.[9]

Características microscópicas

Vistos em depósito, com uma impressão de esporos, os esporos aparecem na cor branca. Microscopicamente, os esporos são grosseiramente elípticos, aparecendo por vezes em forma de feijão, com as dimensões de 5,5 7,0 por 3,0-3,5 micrômetros (µm). Eles possuem paredes finas e lisas, e dará à luz um apêndice hilar indistinta.[11] Os esporos são amiloides, o que significa que absorvem iodo e ficam preta para azul-preto quando corados com o reagente de Melzer. Os basídios (células que carregam os esporos) possuem quatro esporos cada. Os queilocistídios (cistídios na borda das lamelas), que estão espalhadas e intercalados com os basídios, são aproximadamente cilíndricos ou fusiformes, lisos, hialinos (translúcidos), e medem 45 a 65 por 2 a 5,5 µm. Os pleurocistídios (cistídios na face das lamelas) são raros, e muito parecidos com os queilocistídios. A cutícula do chapéu é uma ixocútis (um tipo de tecido fúngico formado por hifas gelatinosas que correm paralelas à superfície do chapéu). A maior parte das hifas são lisas e medem 1,5 a 3,5 µm de diâmetro. A carne do píleo é dextrinoide, o que significa se cora com uma cor marrom-avermelhada quando lhe é aplicado o reagente de Melzer. Fíbulas estão presentes nas hifas de M. overholtsii.[13]

Espécies similares

 src=
Mycena maculata é uma espécie bastante parecida.

Outros cogumelos Mycena parecidos com o M. overholtsii e que crescem agrupados sobre restos de madeira incluem M. maculata e M. galericulata. Os corpos de frutificação de M. maculata frequentemente desenvolvem manchas vermelhas à medida que amadurecem, mas essa característica é inconsistente e não pode ser usada de forma confiável para a identificação do fungo. Os seus esporos são maiores do que os de M. overholtsii, medindo 7 a 10 por 4 a 6 µm. M. galericulata é muito similar na aparência ao M. maculata, mas não fica com a coloração avermelhada; seus esporos medem 8 a 12 por 5,5 a 9 µm.[14] Uma outra espécie semelhante é M. semivestipes,[15] que pode ser distinguido pelo seu odor semelhante ao de lixívia e pela sua ocorrência no leste da América do Norte. Além disso, este cogumelo frutifica durante o verão e outono, e forma pequenas esporos de 4 a 5 por 2,5 a 3 µm.[16]

Habitat e distribuição

Na natureza, a espécie é por vezes encontrada solitária, porém é mais comum que cresça em grupos sobre toras e galhos apodrecidos de coníferas (frequentemente Pseudotsuga menziesii) próximos a bancos de neve em derretimento,[3] ou às vezes em câmaras de neve úmida acumulada.[12] Baixas temperaturas noturnas reduzem a taxa de degelo, e ajudam a garantir que os esporos liberados pelo cogumelo sejam dispersos no solo.[9] O fungo é comum no oeste da América do Norte, especialmente no Noroeste Pacífico, nas Montanhas Rochosas e na Cordilheira das Cascatas. Foi relatado em quatro estados americanos: Dakota do Sul,[17] Califórnia, Washington e Wyoming, mas não é conhecido no Oregon.[13] Também é encontrado no oeste do Canadá.[18] O cogumelo é restrito a áreas com uma altitude mínima de 1 000 metros.[8] Em 2010, foi publicada a sua ocorrência nas florestas de coníferas boreais de Hokkaido, no Japão, em plantações de Abies sachalinensis, bem como em florestas naturais dominadas por A. sachalinensis e Picea jezoensis.[7] Na América do Norte, o cogumelo geralmente aparece entre março e julho;[13] enquanto que as coletas japonesas foram feitas no mês de maio.[7] O período de frutificação pode ser prolongado, especialmente em áreas com fortes nevascas,[19] ou em altas altitudes, onde o degelo acontece mais lentamente.[9]

Referências

  1. Smith, AH; Solheim WG (1953). «New and unusual fleshy fungi from Wyoming». Madroño. 12 (4): 103–9 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)
  2. a b Evenson, VS (1997). Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains. Denver, Colorado: Westcliffe Publishers. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-56579-192-3
  3. a b c McKnight VB, McKnight KH. (1987). A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 175. ISBN 0-395-91090-0
  4. Cripps, C (2009). «Snowbank fungi revisited» (pdf). Fungi. 2 (1): 47–53
  5. Russell, B (2006). Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0
  6. Bessette, AE; Roody WC, Bessette AR (2007). Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse, Nova Iorque: Syracuse University Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)
  7. a b c Cha, JY; Lee SY, Chun KW, Lee SY, Ohga S (2010). «A new record of a snowbank fungus, Mycena overholtsii, from Japan» (PDF). 九州大学農学部紀要 (Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University). 55 (1): 77–78. ISSN 0023-6152. Consultado em 17 de junho de 2015. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 17 de junho de 2015 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)
  8. a b Castellano MA, O'Dell T. (1997). «Management Recommendations for Survey and Manage (Group 16)». U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan. Consultado em 13 de junho de 2011
  9. a b c d e Miller HR, Miller OK. (2006). North American Mushrooms: a Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guide. p. 168. ISBN 0-7627-3109-5
  10. a b c Orr DB, Orr RT. (1979). Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 238. ISBN 0-520-03656-5
  11. a b c d Wood M, Stevens F. «Mycena overholtzii». California Fungi. MykoWeb. Consultado em 16 de junho de 2015
  12. a b Phillips, R (2005). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, Nova Iorque: Firefly Books. p. 95. ISBN 1-55407-115-1
  13. a b c d Castellano, MA; Smith JE, O'Dell T, Cázares E, Nugent S (1999). «Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-476» (pdf). Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: S1-73 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)
  14. Ammirati, J; Trudell S (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Col: Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 129. ISBN 0-88192-935-2 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)
  15. Maas Geesteranus, RS (1992). «Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere». Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. 90 (2): 284
  16. Kuo M. (September 2010). «Mycena semivestipes». MushroomExpert.com. Consultado em 13 de junho de 2011 Verifique data em: |data= (ajuda)
  17. Gabel AC, Gabel ML. (2007). «Comparison of diversity of macrofungi and vascular plants at seven sites in the Black Hills of South Dakota». American Midland Naturalist. 157 (2): 258–96. JSTOR 4500617. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[258:codoma]2.0.co;2
  18. Farr, DF; Bills GF, Chamuris GP, Rossman AY (1989). Fungi on plants and plant products in the United States. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society Press. ISBN 978-0-89054-099-2 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)
  19. Smith, AH; Weber NS (1980). The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. p. 150. ISBN 0-472-85610-3 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautores= (ajuda)

Bibliografia

  • Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês, cujo título é «Mycena overholtsii», especificamente .
  • Smith, AH (1947). North American Species of Mycena. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press

 title=
lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia PT

Mycena overholtsii: Brief Summary ( portugali )

tarjonnut wikipedia PT

Mycena overholtsii é uma espécie de cogumelo da família Mycenaceae. Seu corpo de frutificação possui um chapéu marrom-acinzentado, liso e de formato convexo. Quando maduro, apresenta um umbo central e atinge 5 cm de diâmetro. As lamelas da face inferior do chapéu são esbranquiçadas ou cinza-pálido, apinhadas a princípio, ficam espaçadas depois que o fungo cresce. Já o tronco chega a 15 cm de altura, tem cor marrom-rosado e sua base é densamente coberta com "pêlos" brancos lanosos. O cogumelo tem um odor parecido com o de levedura e um sabor suave; a sua comestibilidade é desconhecida, mas não é considerado venenoso.

Seu nome é uma homenagem ao micologista norte-americano Lee Oras Overholts, feita por Alexander Smith e Wilhelm Solheim, cientistas que descreveram a espécie em 1953. Comum no oeste da América do Norte, especialmente no Noroeste Pacífico, nas Montanhas Rochosas e na Cordilheira das Cascatas, o cogumelo cresce geralmente em grupos sobre toras apodrecidas de coníferas, como a Pseudotsuga menziesii. Também já foi encontrado em plantações e florestas no Japão. Os corpos de frutificação surgem entre março e julho, mas esse período pode ser prolongado, especialmente em áreas com fortes nevascas ou em altas altitudes. Há uma preferência notável por áreas elevadas, de modo que sua ocorrência é restrita a regiões com mais de mil metros de altitude.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia PT

Mycena overholtsii ( Szl )

tarjonnut wikipedia SZL

| fotkaraktär = bar | sporavtrycksfärg = vit }}

Mycena overholtsii je grzib[1], co go ôpisoł A.H. Sm. & Solheim 1953. Mycena overholtsii nŏleży do zorty Mycena i familije Mycenaceae.[2][3] Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.[2]

Przipisy

  1. A.H. Smith & Solheim (1953), In: Madroño 12:106
  2. 2,0 2,1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands., 2019. [dostymp 24 września 2012].
  3. Species Fungorum. Kirk P.M., 2010-11-23
lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia authors and editors
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia SZL

Mycena overholtsii: Brief Summary ( Szl )

tarjonnut wikipedia SZL

| fotkaraktär = bar | sporavtrycksfärg = vit }}

Mycena overholtsii je grzib, co go ôpisoł A.H. Sm. & Solheim 1953. Mycena overholtsii nŏleży do zorty Mycena i familije Mycenaceae. Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia authors and editors
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia SZL