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Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon resmi
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Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: prescribed fire

The Research Project Summary Effects of surface fires in a mixed red and eastern white pine stand in Michigan and the Research Paper by Bowles and others 2007 provide information on prescribed fire and postfire response of several plant species, including Virginia creeper, that was not available when this species review was written.
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Common Names ( İngilizce )

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Virginia creeper
woodbine
thicket creeper
five-leaved ivy
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: cover

Virginia creeper provides cover for many small birds and mammals [11].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: fruit, liana, perfect

Virginia creeper is a deciduous liana that climbs by tendrils to a height of 60 feet (18 m). The leaves are palmately compound, containing five leaflets, and have acuminate tips [29,32]. The twigs are orange brown, finely pubescent with pinnately branched tendrils ending in adhesive discs. The fruit is a dark purple berry containing four seeds. The flowers are green, perfect, and borne in panicles of compound cymes [13,27].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Virginia creeper is widely distributed in the eastern and central United States. Its range extends from Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, east to Florida and north through the Coastal Plain to Maine and Nova Scotia, west to southern Ontario, and south through parts of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, eastern Nebraska, and Kansas [33,8].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( İngilizce )

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Fire can be an effective agent in controlling Virginia creeper. Seedlings and sprouts can usually be eliminated as a result of normal underburning regimes in most commercial pine stands [15,17].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( İngilizce )

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Virginia creeper grows over a wide geographic range. It prefers soils that are moist but grows well in a wide variety of soil types. Virginia creeper is tolerant of shade but often grows in open places such as the borders of clearings and along fence rows and streambanks [11,33].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the terms: hardwood, swamp

1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
14 Northern pin oak
15 Red pine
20 White pine - northern red oak - maple
21 Eastern white pine
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
24 Hemlock - yellow birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
26 Sugar maple - basswood
27 Sugar maple
28 Black cherry - maple
30 Red spruce - yellow birch
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
32 Red spruce
33 Red spruce - balsam fir
34 Red spruce - Fraser fir
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
37 Northern white cedar
38 Tamarack
39 Black ash - American elm - red maple
40 Post oak - blackjack oak
43 Bear oak
44 Chestnut oak
45 Pitch pine
46 Eastern redcedar
51 White pine - chestnut oak
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
57 Yellow poplar
58 Yellow poplar - eastern hemlock
59 Yellow poplar - white oak - northern red oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
61 River birch - sycamore
62 Silver maple - American elm
64 Sassafras - persimmon
65 Pin oak - sweetgum
69 Sand pine
70 Longleaf pine
72 Southern scrub oak
73 Southern redcedar
74 Cabbage palmetto
75 Shortleaf pine
76 Shortleaf pine - oak
78 Virginia pine - oak
79 Virginia pine
80 Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
81 Loblolly pine
82 Loblolly pine - hardwood
83 Longleaf pine - slash pine
84 Slash pine
85 Slash pine - hardwood
87 Sweetgum - yellow poplar
88 Willow oak - water oak - diamondleaf oak
89 Live oak
91 Swamp chestnut oak - cherrybark oak
92 Sweetgum - willow oak
93 Sugarberry - American elm - green ash
94 Sycamore - sweetgum - American elm
95 Black willow
96 Overcup oak - water hickory
97 Atlantic white cedar
98 Pond pine
100 Pondcypress
101 Baldcypress - tupelo
103 Water tupelo - swamp tupelo
104 Sweetbay - swamp tupelo - redbay
109 Hawthorn
110 Black oak
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES16 Oak - gum - cypress
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: bog, forest, hardwood

K084 Cross Timbers
K086 Great Lakes pine forest
K089 Black Belt
K090 Live oak - sea oats
K094 Conifer bog
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K097 Southeastern spruce - fir forest
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K101 Elm - ash forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwood - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwood - spruce forest
K110 Northeastern oak - pine forest
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
K113 Southern floodplain forest
K114 Pocosin
K115 Sand pine scrub
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: top-kill

Most fires top-kill Virginia creeper plants [6].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: fruit

Songbirds are the principal consumers of Virginia creeper fruit, but deer, squirrels, and other small animals also eat them [16,30]. Cattle and deer sometimes browse the foliage [11].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( İngilizce )

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Common associates include southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora),
greenbrier (Smilax spp.), poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), and
grape (Vitis spp.). A complete list of trees growing with Virginia
creeper would include a majority of trees growing in the eastern United
States [21,24].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: vine

Vine
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( İngilizce )

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Management considerations call for the control of Virginia creeper when
it competes with desirable pines and hardwoods. Aerial application of
Arsenal at about 4 to 6 pints per acre (1.9-2.8 l/ha) has been
recommended [19].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: woodland

A combination tebuthiuron-fire treatment increased protein content of
Virginia creeper in a Cross Timbers oak woodland in Oklahoma. Percent
crude protein of plants collected on treated and control plots was as
follows [2]:

Sampling date
Treatment Year 6-1 7-4 8-15 9-1
-------------------------------------------------
Control 1985 12.6 10.7 ---- ---
Control 1986 10.3 8.6 ---- ----
Teb + fire 1985 13.6 12.5 14.4 12.0
Teb + fire 1986 14.6 10.3 13.1 14.4
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( İngilizce )

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AL AR CT DE FL GA IA IL IN KS
KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO NC
NE NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN TX
VA VT WI WV NS ON
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( İngilizce )

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Virginia creeper is often cultivated as an ornamental because of its attractive foliage. The bark has been used in domestic medicine as a tonic, expectorant, and remedy for dropsy [33].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: fruit

Virginia creeper flowers between June and July; fruit ripens between August and October [11].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: root crown

Following fire, Virginia creeper may sprout from surviving root crown or remaining live stems [1,3].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: epigeal, fruit, natural, peat, stratification

Vegetative: Virginia creeper sprouts from horizontal aboveground stems [29]. Sexual: Wildlife use of Virginia creeper's fruit suggests that its seeds are animal dispersed [32]. Natural germination is epigeal and occurs during the first or second spring following dispersal. Germination can be improved by stratification in moist sand or peat at 41 degrees Fahrenheit (5 deg C) for about 60 days [11].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: climax

Facultative Seral Species Virginia creeper is a shade-tolerant, mid- to late-seral species. It grows well under shade but will climb up trees, poles, and other structures to reach the sunlight [9,20]. It is a component of climax forests in the eastern United States [4,5,12].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( İngilizce )

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The currently accepted scientific name for Virginia creeper is
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. [8]. Recognized varieties and
forms are as follows [33]:

P. quinquefolia var. hirsuta (Pursh) Planch.
P. quinquefolia var. minor (Graebn.) Rehd.
P. quinquefolia var. murorum (Focke) Rehd.
P. quinquefolia var. saint-paulii (Graebn.) Rehd.
P. quinquefolia forma engelmannii (Graebn.) Rehd.
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: density, hardwood, stratification

Virginia creeper is used for watershed protection and erosion control [11]. Propagation: Seeds can be sown in the fall or preferably in the spring after stratification. Drilling and covering with about 3/8 inch (1 cm) of soil or mulch is recommended. Optimum planting density is 10 plants per square foot (0.1. sq m). Virginia creeper can also be propagated from hardwood cuttings or layerings [11].
bibliyografik atıf
Coladoanto, Milo. 1991. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/