Análisis de riesgo
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
6.1.4 Salud
En el caso del ganado bovinos se presenta diarrea y problemas de locomoción (Gloria et al. 1995).
6.1.2 Ecológico
Provee de buen forraje a la fauna silvestre (Cantú-Brito, 2006).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Comportamiento
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
7.5 Plasticidad ambiental y tolerancia
Es una especie resistente a la sequía, tolera suelos alcalinos y está adaptada a suelos arcillosos. Tolera un pH de 6.0 a 8.0, su tolerancia a la salinidad es media y su resistencia a la sequía media y a los incendios es alta (Beetle, 1999; Cantú-Brito, 2006).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Descripción
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
1.1 Descripción de la especie
Culmos de (0.4-) 0.5 a 3 m de largo por 2 a 4 (-6) mm de ancho, subleñosos, sólidos o huecos, erectos o geniculados en los nudos inferiores, a veces decumbentes, rizomatosos, simples o ramificados, endurecidos y leñosos con la edad. Vainas iguales o más cortas que los entrenudos, glabras u ocasionalmente papiloso-pilosas, redondeadas. Lígulas 0.5 a 1.4 mm de largo, una membrana con pelos; collar glabro o puberulento. Láminas de 10 a 60 cm de largo por (3-) 4 a 20 mm de ancho, planas, lineares, glabras, ocasionalmente papilosas principalmente cerca de la base, o puberulentas, base redondeada a angosta. Inflorescencia una panícula de 10 a 45 cm de largo, terminal, laxa o a veces contraída, exerta, multiflora; ramas primarias de 4 a 12 cm de largo, opuestas y alternas, ascendentes, pulvínulos poco evidentes, glabros a ligeramente pubescentes; ejes escabrosos. Espiguillas de 2.5 a 3.4 mm de largo por 0.8 a 1.1 (-1.3) mm de ancho, elíptico-lanceoladas a anchamente ovadas, glabras, ascendentes a adpresas, agudas, en pares muy aglomerados. Glumas primera gluma de 1.4 a 2.2 mm de largo, de 1/3 a 1/2 del largo de la espiguilla, 3 a 5 nervada, aguda u obtusa; segunda gluma de 2.1 a 3 mm de largo, 5 a 9-nervada. Lemas inferior estaminada, igual o un poco más larga que la lema superior, 5 a 9-nervada; anteras casi de 1.4 mm de largo. Páleas inferior de 2.2 a 3 mm de largo, 4/5 del tamaño de la lema inferior, elíptico-lanceolada, ápice agudo y entero, quillas glabras. Cariópsis de 1.5 a 1.9 mm de largo por 0.8 a 1.1 mm de ancho, blanca o parda (Beetle, et al., 1999).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Dispersión
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
4.3 Forma de dispersión o propagación
Se dispersa principalmente por semillas (Chambers &Hawkins 2004).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Esperanza de vida
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
4.7 Longevidad
Es una especie perenne (Beetle et al. 1999).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Hábitat
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
3.4 Hábitat- SNIB - CONABIO, 2007
Se encuentra en elevaciones moderadamente bajas, en áreas irrigadas que tiene fácil acumulación de humedad (Cantú-Brito, 2006).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Reproducción
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
4.5 Reproducción
Su período de floración va de abril a noviembre o diciembre (Beetle et al. 1999).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Usos
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
Agropecuario
Su valor forrajero es bueno a pasear de su tosquedad. Esta tosquedad se debe en parte a los grandes volúmenes de forraje producido y en parte porque es altamente palatable (Cantú-Brito, 2006).
1.8 Usos de la especie
En áreas donde se reporta como invasora se usa para combatir la erosión, como forraje, heno y rotación del cultivo y para el mejoramiento de zonas secas (Beetle et al. 1999).
- bibliyografik atıf
- CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Panicum antidotale. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
Comments
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale is found throughout Pakistan, particularly in desert regions. It is an excellent sand binder, but of doubtful value as fodder.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Perennial with creeping woody rootstock; culms (30)90-180 cm high, woody, erect or ascending, usually branched, the lower internodes often pruinose. Leaf-blades linear, 6-30 cm long, (2.5)4-14 mm wide, flat, glabrous, sharply pointed. Panicle narrowly pyramidal to broadly oblong or ovate, 13-32 cm long, varying from copiously, branched with the branches subverticillate to sparingly branched with the spikelets condensed about the distant branches. Spikelets elliptic, 2.4-3.2 (-3.6) mm long, glabrous, acute; lower glume broadly ovate, membranous with broad hyaline margins, half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, rarely less, 3-5-nerved, acute; upper glume with broad hyaline margins, 7-9(-11)-nerved; lower lemma 7-9-nerved, its palea almost as long; upper lemma pallid, smooth and shining.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
N.W. India, Nepal, Madras, Afghanistan, Iran.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); tropical Africa; Arabia, through Iran and Afghanistan to India.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Fl. & Fr. Per.: March-October.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
Chile Central
Physical Description
(
İngilizce
)
USDA PLANTS text tarafından sağlandı
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome short and compact, stems close, Stems woody, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems compressed, flattened, or sulcate, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 2-6 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade with prominently raised or widened midvein, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelet with 1 fertile floret and 1-2 sterile florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Glumes 8-15 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma 8-15 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins inrolled, tightly covering palea and caryopsis, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
Panicum antidotale
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale Retz. (Punjabi: ਘਮੂਰ ghamur, English: blue panicgrass) is a tall (up to 3 metres), coarse, woody perennial grass throughout the Himalaya and the Upper Gangetic Plain and specifically in various regions of the Indian state of Punjab and the Pakistan province of Punjab and the neighbouring areas of these regions. The plant has strong spreading rhizomes.
This grass is also listed by William Coldstream in his Illustrations of Some of the Grasses of the Southern Punjab[1] with the vernacular name ghirri (Punjabi ਘਿੱਰੀ) which he however explains is not known to those landowners that he had interviewed as a separate species of Panicum but rather as an unripe form of Panicum antidotale which is generally called in Punjabi ghamur (ਘਮੂਰ).
Habitat
Panicum antidotale is found in rich soils that have often been improved with compost or dung be they originally of sand or clay. According to Coldstream, for some reason it seems to be found in the vicinity of caper bushes.
Usage
This grass is not considered of much use beyond its early tender stages having a bitter or brackish taste when it matures. It is grown in the southwestern United States as a forage, and can now be found there growing wild as an introduced species.[2][3]
Pests and diseases
Panicum antidotale is susceptible to yellow stripe disease which is usually found in sugar-cane. The disease in this grass, in which the virus persists for long periods, is capable not only of infecting sugar-canes in their vicinity, but also serves as new sources of infection when diseased canes have been removed.[4]
Names in various languages
Punjabi dialect forms
The following dialect forms are recorded in Punjabi for this grass:
-
Firozpur: ਗਰ੍ਮ garham s.m.
-
Hisar: ਘਿੱਰੀ ghirri s.f. - Though see Coldstream's note above.
-
Jhang: ਘਮੂਰ ghamūr s.m. - Where Panicum antidotale is not found on the prevalent nitrate-saturated soils of the district (called in Punjabi ਕਲੱਰ kallar).
-
Multan: ਕੁਟਕੀ kuṭkī s.f., 1. A gnat; 2. The name of a plant Panicum miliare used medicinally; 3. Hellebore. Which again seems to be a synonym for Panicum antidotale. Compare the Punjabi form ਕੁਦਕੀ kudkī for Panicum miliare which is a synonym for Panicum antidotale.
-
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: ਘਮੂਰ ghamūr s.m.; ਗਰ੍ਮ garham s.m.
Other Indian languages
-
Hindi: कुटकी kuṭkī [Compare Prakrit कुटुकिआ kuṭukīā< from Sanskrit कटुक kuṭuk + इका -ikā], s.f. 1. A medicinal plant, Black Hellebore, Helleborus niger; wolf's bane; aconite; 2. A kind of grain, Panicum miliare. See above where as in dialectal Punjabi forms the reference here is to Panicum antidotale. The meaning is found in Hindi कुटकी kuṭkī [S. कुट्टक (rt. कुट्ट्)+इका], s.f. 1. Cutting, dividing; 2. A nip; 3. An incision (made with the teeth, &c., on thread, &c.;4. A gnat (cf. S. kaṭu-kīṭa);5. Estrangement, separation (from), desertion (of):--kuṭkī denā, or kuṭkī lagānā (-meṅ), 1. To nip; 2. To make an incision (in), to cut (the string of a kite, &c.).
-
Gondi: kōhalā, (W. Ph.) kohalā, (S.) kohala s.m.
-
Kannada: koṟale, korle s.m., A kind of millet, Panicum italicum Linn.
-
Konḍa: koṟeŋ (pl.) s.m., A grain.
-
Kota: koyḷ s.m., Foxtail millet Setaria italica; korly id. (< Badaga); korra manḍeya s.m., Finger millet Eleusine coracana.
-
Kui: kueri s.m., Millet, Panicum italicum Linn.
-
Malayalam: koʼla s.m., Panicum miliare, gor̥a (pl. -ŋ).
-
Parji: koyla s.m., Panicum italicum.
-
Tamil: சாமை cāmai (சாமி), s.m., A kind of grain, millet. < From Old Indo-Aryan šyāmā s.m., 1. Poor-man's millet, sown in Āvaṇi and maturing in six weeks to four months, Echinochloa crus-galli. Compare: சிறுசாமை ciṟu-cāmai, n. < id. + சாமை, a kind of little millet, Panicum miliare; சாமைவகை. (சங். அக.); புற்சாமை puṟ-cāmai, n. < id. + a species of little millet, Panicum; சாமைவகை.; பனிச்சாமை paṉi-c-cāmai, n. < பனி + a kind of little millet, Panicum; சாமைவகை. (யாழ். அக.). Though as noted above Panicum miliare is a synonym: in northern India it seems to refer to Panicum antidotale, whilst in southern India it seems to refer to Echinochloa crus-galli.
- kural s.m., Italian millet.
-
Telugu: samalu (pl.) id.; The cereal yielding samalu.
Other languages
-
English: Blue panic grass
- Australia: Giant panic grass
- California: Blue panicgrass, switch grass
- Hawaii: Giant panic grass; little millet.
-
French: panic bleu
-
Spanish: Pánico azul
Notes
-
^ Coldstream, William: Illustrations of Some of the Grasses of the Southern Punjab: Being Photo-lithographs of the Principal Grasses found at Hisar with short Descriptive letterpress W. Thacker & Co., 82 Newgate Street, London, 1889.
-
^ Grass Manual Treatment Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
-
^ Jepson Manual Treatment
-
^ Ledeboer, F. 1922: Arch. Suikerind. Nederl.-Indie. 30: 21, 359-362
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Panicum antidotale: Brief Summary
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale Retz. (Punjabi: ਘਮੂਰ ghamur, English: blue panicgrass) is a tall (up to 3 metres), coarse, woody perennial grass throughout the Himalaya and the Upper Gangetic Plain and specifically in various regions of the Indian state of Punjab and the Pakistan province of Punjab and the neighbouring areas of these regions. The plant has strong spreading rhizomes.
This grass is also listed by William Coldstream in his Illustrations of Some of the Grasses of the Southern Punjab with the vernacular name ghirri (Punjabi ਘਿੱਰੀ) which he however explains is not known to those landowners that he had interviewed as a separate species of Panicum but rather as an unripe form of Panicum antidotale which is generally called in Punjabi ghamur (ਘਮੂਰ).
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Panicum antidotale
(
Endonezce
)
wikipedia ID tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Poaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Panicum antidotale sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Panicum.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Retz..
Referensi
Artikel bertopik tumbuhan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.
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- Penulis dan editor Wikipedia
Panicum antidotale: Brief Summary
(
Endonezce
)
wikipedia ID tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Poaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Panicum antidotale sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Panicum. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Retz..
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Penulis dan editor Wikipedia
Panicum antidotale
(
Vietnamca
)
wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Retz. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1786.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Panicum antidotale: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamca
)
wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Panicum antidotale là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Retz. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1786.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên