Lacewings And Relatives

Figure 19.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons, first instar A Habitus, lateral B Head, lateral C Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal D Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A2, A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A1R1, A1R2 anterior and posterior rows of submedian setae (SMS) on first abdominal segment A2R1, A2R2 anterior and posterior rows of SMS on second abdominal segment A4LT lateral tubercle on fourth abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment ge genal marking T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 8.A, B Integument of fifth abdominal sternite. A Kymachrysa placita, without microtholi [typical of Kymachrysa placita and some Kymachrysa intacta populations (see text)] B Kymachrysa intacta, with microtholi (typical of some populations). C, D Prothoracic tarsal claw. C Kymachrysa placita D Kymachrysa intacta. A Type, Colorado, MCZ; B California, TRC; C Wyoming, SDNHM; D Minnesota, CMNH.

Figure 20.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons, second instar A Head, dorsal B Head, lateral C Head and thorax, dorsal D Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal E Habitus, lateral F Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal.

Figure 6.Kymachrysa placita male abdomen. A Abdominal segments 3 to terminus (lateral), with genitalia everted B Gonarcal complex (dorsal) C Genitalia (everted–including gonapsis, lateral) D Gonapsis (ventral) E Hypandrium internum nestled within membrane [Gonapsis not in focus, shown for relative scale]. All Types, Colorado, MCZ Abbreviations: gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. V-shaped hypandrium internum med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac S7 seventh sternite S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites Tx tergite, number T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 21.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons, third instar A Habitus, lateral B Habitus, ventral C Head, ventral D Head, lateral. Abbreviations: ge genal marking st stemmata T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 3.Kymachrysa female terminalia. A, B Abdominal segments 7 and 9 (lateral) [Arrows delineate the praegenitale] C, D Praegenitale at distal margin of S7 (ventral) E–H Spermatheca A, C, F Kymachrysa placita A, F Colorado, USNM C New Mexico, USNM B, D, E, G, H Kymachrysa intacta B, D, E New York, TRC G Colorado, CPG H California, TRC. Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci g.l. gonapophysis lateralis inv spermathecal invagination prae praegenitale sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite tr.s. transverse sclerite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct vel velum.

Figure 22.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons, third instar A Thorax, dorsal B Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal C Abdominal segments A4 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A2R1 double row of submedian setae (SMS) on anterior fold of second abdominal segment A2R2 double/triple row of SMS on posterior fold of second abdominal segment A3R1 double row of SMS on anterior fold of third abdominal segment A3R2 double/triple row of SMS on posterior fold of third abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment sp spiracle (on anterior subsegment of mesothorax) T1LT prothoracic lateral tubercle T1Sc1 first primary prothoracic sclerite T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 5.Kymachrysa intacta external adult features. Note variation in the presence, darkness, and size of head and thoracic markings. A–C Head (dorsal) D, E Head (frontal) F Head, prothorax (lateral) G, H Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) I Thorax (dorsal) J Head, thorax (lateral) A, D, G, I, J California, TRC B, E, F, H Colorado, TRC; C New York, TRC.

Figure 2.Head and thorax, dorsal, first instar A Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus B Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) fumosus C Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi D Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons E Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus. Abbreviations: epi-l epicranial marking, lateral arm epi-m epicranial marking, mesal arm fr frontal marking post postfrontal marking T1Sc1 first primary prothoracic sclerite T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 metathoracic row of robust, thorny setae.

Figure 8.A, B Integument of fifth abdominal sternite. A Kymachrysa placita, without microtholi [typical of Kymachrysa placita and some Kymachrysa intacta populations (see text)] B Kymachrysa intacta, with microtholi (typical of some populations). C, D Prothoracic tarsal claw. C Kymachrysa placita D Kymachrysa intacta. A Type, Colorado, MCZ; B California, TRC; C Wyoming, SDNHM; D Minnesota, CMNH.

Figure 3.Head and thorax, dorsal, second instar A Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus B Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) fumosus C Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi D Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons E Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus. Abbreviations: epi-l epicranial marking, lateral arm epi-m epicranial marking, mesal arm fr frontal marking post postfrontal marking T1Sc1, T1Sc2 first and second primary prothoracic sclerites T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 metathoracic row of robust, thorny setae.

Figure 7.Kymachrysa intacta male abdomen. A Abdominal segments 4 to terminus (lateral), with genitalia everted B Gonarcal complex (dorsal) C Everted genitalia (dorsolateral), showing dorsal membranous sacs D Gonapsis (lateral), hypandrium internum (dorsal) E Gonapsis (ventral). A, D California, TRC B, E New York, TRC; C Colorado, CPG. Abbreviations: gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. V-shaped hypandrium internum med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac Sx sternite, number S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T8 eighth tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 4.Head and thorax, dorsal, third instar A Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus B Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) fumosus C Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi D Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons E Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus. Abbreviations: epi-l epicranial marking, lateral arm epi-m epicranial marking, mesal arm fr frontal marking post postfrontal marking T1Sc1, T1Sc2 first and second primary prothoracic sclerites.

Figure 3.Kymachrysa female terminalia. A, B Abdominal segments 7 and 9 (lateral) [Arrows delineate the praegenitale] C, D Praegenitale at distal margin of S7 (ventral) E–H Spermatheca A, C, F Kymachrysa placita A, F Colorado, USNM C New Mexico, USNM B, D, E, G, H Kymachrysa intacta B, D, E New York, TRC G Colorado, CPG H California, TRC. Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci g.l. gonapophysis lateralis inv spermathecal invagination prae praegenitale sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite tr.s. transverse sclerite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct vel velum.

Figure 23.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus, first instar A Habitus, lateral B Head, lateral C Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal D Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A2, A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A1R1, A1R2 anterior and posterior rows of submedian setae (SMS) on first abdominal segment A2R1, A2R2 anterior and posterior rows of SMS on second abdominal segment A4LT lateral tubercle on fourth abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment ge genal marking T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 11.Kymachrysa intacta third instar. A Head (dorsal) B Head (lateral) C Thorax (lateral) D Thorax (dorsal) E Abdominal segments 1–4 (dorsal) F Abdominal segments 4–10 (dorsal) G Body (lateral). All New York, TRC.

Figure 24.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus, second instar A Head, dorsal B Head, lateral C Head and thorax, dorsal D Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal E Habitus, lateral F Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal.

Figure 25.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus, third instar A Habitus, lateral B Habitus, ventral C Head, ventral D Head, lateral. Abbreviations: ge genal marking st stemmata T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 26.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus, third instar A Thorax, dorsal B Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal C Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A2R1 double row of submedian setae (SMS) on anterior fold of second abdominal segment A2R2 double/triple row of SMS on posterior fold of second abdominal segment A3R1 double row of SMS on anterior fold of third abdominal segment A3R2 double/triple row of SMS on posterior fold of third abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment sp spiracle (on anterior subsegment of mesothorax) T1LT prothoracic lateral tubercle T1Sc1 first primary prothoracic sclerite T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 2.Head and thorax, dorsal, first instar A Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus B Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) fumosus C Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi D Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons E Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus. Abbreviations: epi-l epicranial marking, lateral arm epi-m epicranial marking, mesal arm fr frontal marking post postfrontal marking T1Sc1 first primary prothoracic sclerite T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 metathoracic row of robust, thorny setae.

Figure 3.Head and thorax, dorsal, second instar A Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus B Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) fumosus C Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi D Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons E Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus. Abbreviations: epi-l epicranial marking, lateral arm epi-m epicranial marking, mesal arm fr frontal marking post postfrontal marking T1Sc1, T1Sc2 first and second primary prothoracic sclerites T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 metathoracic row of robust, thorny setae.

Figure 4.Head and thorax, dorsal, third instar A Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus B Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) fumosus C Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi D Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons E Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) spinellus. Abbreviations: epi-l epicranial marking, lateral arm epi-m epicranial marking, mesal arm fr frontal marking post postfrontal marking T1Sc1, T1Sc2 first and second primary prothoracic sclerites.

Figure 5.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus, first instar A Habitus, lateral B Head, lateral C Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal D Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A2, A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A1R1, A1R2 anterior and posterior rows of submedian setae (SMS) on first abdominal segment A2R1, A2R2 anterior and posterior rows of SMS on second abdominal segment A4LT lateral tubercle on fourth abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment ge genal marking T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 6.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus, second instar A Head, dorsal B Head, lateral C Head and thorax, dorsal D Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal E Habitus, lateral F Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal.