Comments
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Sporophytes are rare in Sphagnum contortum. This species is often associated with S. warnstorfii, S. centrale, Campylium stellatum, and Calliergonella cuspidata. The relatively small size, curved capitulum branches, and loosely spreading, subsecund branch leaves separate this species along with S. subsecundum. See also discussion under 61. S. platyphyllum.
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Description
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Plants moderate to small-sized, weak-stemmed to spawling; green, yellow-green to golden brown; capitulum usually large and flat with curved branches; green, yellow-green, or golden brown. Stems pale green to light brown, rarely dark brown; superficial cortex of 2-3 layers of enlarged, thin-walled cells. Stem leaves triangular-lingulate to lingulate, 0.7-1.4 mm; apex rounded-obtuse and weakly denticulate; hyaline cells nonseptate, mostly efibrillose, and, if porose, with more pores per cell on the concave surface (3-6) than on the convex surface (0-2). Branches somewhat curved, leaves spreading. Branch fascicles with 2-3 spreading and 2-3(4) pendent branches. Branch leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.2-2 mm; subsecund; hyaline cells with numerous tiny pores in a continuous line along the commissures on the convex surface, no or scattered pores on the concave surface. Sexual condition dioicous. Capsule exserted, with scattered pseudo-stomata. Spores 22-28 µm; papillose on both surfaces; proximal laesurae more than 0.5 spore radius.
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Description
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Plants small to medium-sized, brownish green to yellowish brown; branches of capitula usually curved, terminal buds small. Stem cortex in 2–3 layers, hyaline cells without fibrils, with pores at the upper ends; central cylinder green to pale brown. Stem leaves 1.0–1.3 mm long, oblong-ligulate to oblong-triangular, with rounded and concave apex; borders gradually widened below; hyaline cells undivided, fibrillose, without pores or with only a few pores in the upper cells on the dorsal surface, few to numerous pores on the ventral surface. Branches in fascicles of 4–6 with 2–3 spreading and 2–3 pendent, rather distantly set, concealing the stems. Branch leaves 1.2–2.0 mm long, broadly oblong-ovate, concave, more or less curved-secund at the apex; hyaline cells without pores or rarely with a few pores on the ventral surface, with numerous ringed, rounded elliptic pores scattered or sometimes in commissural rows on the dorsal surface; green cells in cross section narrowly elliptic, centrally located, exposed equally on both surfaces. Dioicous. Sporophytes not seen.
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Distribution
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Distribution: China, Japan, Caucasus, Europe, and North America.
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Habitat
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Habitat: in wet, rich fens near water.
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Synonym
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Sphagnum subsecundum Nees ex Sturm var. contortum (Schultz) Hüb., Muscol. Germ., 27. 1833.
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Sphagnum contortum
provided by wikipedia EN
Sphagnum contortum is a species of moss[1] reported in North America and Europe. NatureServe marked its global conservation status as Secure.[2]
Common names
In English, it goes by the common names contorted sphagnum, twisted sphagnum moss,[2] and twisted bog-moss.[3]
Description
The species is dioicious[4]: 84–85 and sporophyte is rare in this species. S. contortum also has capsules[5] but it is unknown if S. contortum in Great Britain or Ireland have this.[3][4]: 84
Distribution and habitat
It occurs in minerotrophic habitats, riparian areas,[6]: 125 peatlands,[5] and rarely in open wet woodlands.[3] It also occurs at moderate to slow elevations[5] and is not shade tolerant.[6]: 125
Distribution
Sphagnum contortum is frequent in northern and western parts of the British Isles but rare in southern and eastern parts.[4]: 84
It also occurs in various parts of the United States.[2] Like in California, it occurs in the north-western parts of the state even in the Klamath Mountains.[7] NatureServe lists it as critically imperiled in States like Washington, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, and Montana[2] (it only occurs in Flathead County).[8]
In Canada, S. contortum is widely spread out through the province of Quebec[6]: 125 where it is listed as apparently secure by NatureServe. But it is listed as vulnerable in other provinces like Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario.[2]
It also occurs in other countries like Bulgaria[9] or Turkey,[10] and the Czech Republic.[11]: 291
Response to herbicide exposure
In a study of the effect of the herbicide Asulam on moss growth, Sphagnum contortum was shown to be the second most sensitive to the herbicide out of the 18 species tested. The study concluded that it was sensitive to Asulam exposure.[12]
References
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^ "Sphagnum contortum". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
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^ a b c d e "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
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^ a b c "Sphagnum contortum". British Bryological Society. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
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^ a b c Smith, A. J. E. (2004-09-23). The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54672-0.
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^ a b c "Sphagnum contortum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
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^ a b c Ayotte, Gilles; Rochefort, Line (2020-12-16). Sphagnum Mosses of Eastern Canada: Biology — Anatomy — Morphology — Herbarium conservation techniques and microscopic preparations (in Arabic). Editions JFD. ISBN 978-2-89799-093-0.
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^ "California Moss eFlora Treatment Page". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
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^ Webmaster, David Ratz. "Contorted Sphagnum Moss - Montana Field Guide". fieldguide.mt.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
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^ Hájková, Petra; Hájek, Michal (2007-03-01). "Sphagnum distribution patterns along environmental gradients in Bulgaria". Journal of Bryology. 29 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1179/174328207X160577. ISSN 0373-6687. S2CID 83842170.
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^ KURSCHNER, Harald; ERDAĞ, Adnan (2021-07-12). Bryophyte Locality Data From the Near and Middle East 1775-2019 Vol. 6 (in German). Hiperlink Eğitim İletişim Yayın Gıda Sanayi ve Pazarlama Tic. Ltd. Şti. ISBN 978-625-7280-78-5.
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^ Chytrý, Milan; Danihelka, Jiří; Kaplan, Zdeněk; Pyšek, Petr (2017-11-10). Flora and Vegetation of the Czech Republic. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-63181-3.
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^ Rowntree, J. K.; Lawton, K. F.; Rumsey, F. J.; Sheffield, E. (2003). "Exposure to Asulox Inhibits the Growth of Mosses". Annals of Botany. 92 (4): 547–556.
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Sphagnum contortum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Sphagnum contortum is a species of moss reported in North America and Europe. NatureServe marked its global conservation status as Secure.
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