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Japanese Wisteria

Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC.

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Kraunhia floribunda (Wilid.) Taub. ex E. & P. Nat Pfl. 3 3 : 271. 1894.
Glycine floribunda Willd. Sp. PI. 3*: 1066. 1803. Wisteria floribunda DC. Prodr. 2: 390. 1825. Wisteria brachybotrvs Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1: 92. 1826. Kraunhia brachybotrvs Greene. Pittonia 2: 175. 1891. Wisteria mullijuga Van Houtte, Fl. Serres 19: 125. 1872.
A woody vine, 10-15 m. high; branches glabrate; leaves 2-3 dm. long; rachis somewhat silky-strigose when young, soon glabrate; leaflets 15-19, elliptic-ovate to lanceolate, longacuminate, 2-7 cm. long, silky-strigose when young, glabrate in age, acute to rounded at the base; racemes 1-3 dm. long; peduncle puberulent; pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long; calyx puberulent, the tube 3-4 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, the upper two teeth obsolete, the lower three broadly deltoid, 1-2 mm. long; corolla bluish-purple, 15-20 mm. long; basal auricles of both the wings and the keel-petals deltoid and porrect; pod 1-2 dm. long, 2 cm. wide, velutinous; seeds 15 mm. long, 10-12 mm. broad, dark-brown. Sometimes confused with Kraunhia sinensis (Sims) Makino, the Chinese Wisteria.
Type locality: Japan.
Distribution: Occasionally escaped from cultivation in the eastern states; native of Japan.
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bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennial, Trees, Vines, twining, climbing, Woody throughout, Plants with rhizomes or suckers, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems or branches arching, spreading or decumbent, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems greater than 2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Leaves absent at flowering time, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules inconspicuous, absent, or caducous, Stipules setiform, subulate or acicular, Stipules deciduous, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Stipels present at base of leaflets, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence or flowers lax, declined or pendulous, Brac ts conspicuously present, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Bracts hairy, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 2-lipped or 2-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Banner petal suborbicular, broadly rounded, Banner petal auriculate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing petals auriculate, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Keel petals fused on sides or at tip, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Style hairy, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit coriaceous or becoming woody, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit hairy, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
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Dr. David Bogler
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Wisteria floribunda

provided by wikipedia EN

Wisteria floribunda, common name Japanese wisteria (, fuji), is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Japan.[1] (Wisteriopsis japonica, synonym Wisteria japonica, is a different species.) Growing to 9 m (30 ft), Wisteria floribunda is a woody, deciduous twining climber. It was first brought from Japan to the United States in the 1830s.[2][3] Since then, it has become one of the most highly romanticized flowering garden plants. It is also a common subject for bonsai, along with Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria).

The flowering habit of Japanese wisteria is perhaps the most spectacular of the Wisteria genus. It sports the longest flower racemes of any wisteria; Some of those cultivars can reach 2 m (7 ft) in length.[4][5] These racemes burst into great trails of clustered white, pink, violet, or blue flowers in early- to mid-spring. The flowers carry a distinctive fragrance similar to that of grapes. The early flowering time of Japanese wisteria can cause problems in temperate climates, where early frosts can destroy the coming years' flowers. It will also flower only after passing from juvenile to adult stage, a transition that may take many years just like its cousin Chinese wisteria.

Japanese wisteria can grow over 30 metres (98 ft) long over many supports via powerful clockwise-twining stems. The foliage consists of shiny, dark-green, pinnately compound leaves 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in length. The leaves bear about 15-19 oblong leaflets[6] that are each 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) long. It also bears numerous poisonous, brown, velvety, bean-like seed pods 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long that mature in summer and persist until winter. Japanese wisteria prefers moist soils and full sun in USDA plant hardiness zones 5–9.[7] The plant often lives over 50 years.

Cultivars

Racemes of 'kyushaku' grown to about 1.8 m (5.9 ft) to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length.

Those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

  • 'Burford' agm[8] – pale violet with purple keel
  • 'Domino' agm[9] – pale lilac
  • 'Hon-beni' or 'Rosea' agm[10] – pale rose flowers tipped purple, 18 in (46 cm) long
  • 'Issai Perfect' – light lavender flowers
  • 'Ito Koku Riu' or 'Royal Purple' – dark blue or violet flowers, lightly scented, long clustered bunches, 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long
  • 'Jako' or 'Ivory Tower'
  • 'Kimono' agm[11]
  • 'Kokuryu' agm[12] – violet, scented
  • 'Kuchibeni' or 'Carnea' – pink flower
  • 'Lawrence' agm[13] – pale violet flowers, deeper violet keel and wings
  • 'Longissima Kyushaku' – mauve-purple flowers on a raceme up to 6 ft (1.8 m)[14] or even 7 feet (2.1 m)[15] in length. 'Kyushaku' means '9 shaku', referring to an archaic Japanese unit of measurement; in the International System of Units, 9 shaku translates to a length of 2.72 m (8.9 ft). The origin of this cultivar is a 1200 year-old wisteria tree in Ushijima, Kasukabe City, which had racemes about 3 m (9.8 ft) long in the Meiji period. Also known as 'Murasaki naga fuji' or Noda naga fuji'.[5][16]
  • 'Macrobotrys' or 'Longissima' – reddish-violet flower clusters 1 m (3.3 ft) or longer
  • 'Macrobotrys Cascade' – white and pinkish-purple flowers, vigorous grower
  • 'Nana Richins Purple' – purple flowers
  • 'Nishiki' – variegated foliage
  • 'Plena' or 'Violaceae Plena' – double blue flowers in dense clusters
  • 'Praecox' or 'Domino' – purple flowers
  • 'Purpurea' – unknown; may be Wisteria sinensis 'Consequa', sometimes labeled purpurea
  • 'Rubra' – unknown; may be 'Honbeni' – sometimes labeled as Rubrum – deep pink to red flowers
  • 'Shiro-noda' (W. floribunda f' alba) agm[17] – long white flower clusters
  • 'Texas Purple' – may be a sinensis or a hybrid, short racemes, purple flowers, produced while the plant is still young
  • 'Violacea Plena' – double violet flowers, rosette-shaped
  • 'White with Blue Eye' – also known as 'Sekines Blue' – very fragrant[18]
  • 'Yae-kokuryu' agm[19]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Japanese wisteria". Britannica. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  2. ^ "Wisteria floribunda, W. sinensis". United States Forest Service. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  3. ^ "Japanese Wisteria". National Park Service. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  4. ^ "Japanese wistaria, Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC". Japan knowledge.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022.
  5. ^ a b 牛島のフジ (in Japanese). Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Wisteria floribunda", North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, NC State University and N.C. A&T State University, retrieved 2023-05-19
  7. ^ Purple Patches Japanese Wisteria (includes some growth conditions and US region map) www.monrovia.com, accessed 13 May 2020
  8. ^ "Wisteria × valderi 'Burford'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  9. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Domino'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  10. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Wisteria floribunda 'Hon-beni'". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  11. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Kimono'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  12. ^ "'Wisteria floribunda 'Kokuryu'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  13. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Lawrence'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  14. ^ "Creator's Palette- pictures of Wisteria floribunda Longissima". www.creatorspalette.com. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  15. ^ Gardener's Chronicle. 86 (3rd series) (4641): 446–447. December 7, 1929. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ^ 牛島のフジ(藤花園) (in Japanese). General Incorporated Association Pressmen's Union. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022.
  17. ^ "Wisteria floribunda f. alba 'Shiro-noda'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  18. ^ Peter, Valder (1995). Wisterias: a comprehensive guide. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0881923184. OCLC 32647814.
  19. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Yae-kokuryu'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

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Wisteria floribunda: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Wisteria floribunda, common name Japanese wisteria (藤, fuji), is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Japan. (Wisteriopsis japonica, synonym Wisteria japonica, is a different species.) Growing to 9 m (30 ft), Wisteria floribunda is a woody, deciduous twining climber. It was first brought from Japan to the United States in the 1830s. Since then, it has become one of the most highly romanticized flowering garden plants. It is also a common subject for bonsai, along with Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria).

The flowering habit of Japanese wisteria is perhaps the most spectacular of the Wisteria genus. It sports the longest flower racemes of any wisteria; Some of those cultivars can reach 2 m (7 ft) in length. These racemes burst into great trails of clustered white, pink, violet, or blue flowers in early- to mid-spring. The flowers carry a distinctive fragrance similar to that of grapes. The early flowering time of Japanese wisteria can cause problems in temperate climates, where early frosts can destroy the coming years' flowers. It will also flower only after passing from juvenile to adult stage, a transition that may take many years just like its cousin Chinese wisteria.

Japanese wisteria can grow over 30 metres (98 ft) long over many supports via powerful clockwise-twining stems. The foliage consists of shiny, dark-green, pinnately compound leaves 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in length. The leaves bear about 15-19 oblong leaflets that are each 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) long. It also bears numerous poisonous, brown, velvety, bean-like seed pods 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long that mature in summer and persist until winter. Japanese wisteria prefers moist soils and full sun in USDA plant hardiness zones 5–9. The plant often lives over 50 years.

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