Teloschistales

Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd. - Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. - Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition. - Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores. What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968. (2) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462. (4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974. (5) https://www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018) (6) http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018) (7) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies.Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot.Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable.According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204.(4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018)(5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018)(6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018)(7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154

Slo.: mali rjavi uljevec (?) - syn.: Physcia pusilla Mereschk., Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.- Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a stand-alone, medium size, recently cut down Juglans regia; on medium size and smaller branches. Comment: Phaeophyscia pusilloides is another beautiful and in my region quite rare (Ref.:4) foliose lichen. It is known from Europe and East America. A characteristic trait of this species is semi-globular soralia produced on somewhat uplifted tips of the terminal thallus lobes. Soredia are distinctly lighter in color than thallus, greenish and farinous-granular. Apothecia are said to be rare (Ref.:1) or occasional (Ref.:2), however on this tree they were frequent. Lower side of the thallus is covered with zillions of simple black rhizines, which are very apparent. Also the apothecia have an interesting corona of black rhizines growing from their outer lower surface (Pic. 3). The species is dark gray or almost black when dry.On this tree, laying on ground, about 25 different lichens have been observed.Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 543.(2) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55099 (accessed 3.2.2018)(3) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Phaeophyscia%20pusilloides (accessed 2.2.2018)(4) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1707 (accessed 3.2.2018)

Slo.: mali rjavi uljevec (?) - syn.: Physcia pusilla Mereschk., Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.- Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a stand-alone, medium size, recently cut down Juglans regia; on medium size and smaller branches. Comment: Phaeophyscia pusilloides is another beautiful and in my region quite rare (Ref.:4) foliose lichen. It is known from Europe and East America. A characteristic trait of this species is semi-globular soralia produced on somewhat uplifted tips of the terminal thallus lobes. Soredia are distinctly lighter in color than thallus, greenish and farinous-granular. Apothecia are said to be rare (Ref.:1) or occasional (Ref.:2), however on this tree they were frequent. Lower side of the thallus is covered with zillions of simple black rhizines, which are very apparent. Also the apothecia have an interesting corona of black rhizines growing from their outer lower surface (Pic. 3). The species is dark gray or almost black when dry. On this tree, laying on ground, about 25 different lichens have been observed. Ref.: (1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 543. (2) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55099 (accessed 3.2.2018) (3) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Phaeophyscia%20pusilloides (accessed 2.2.2018) (4) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1707 (accessed 3.2.2018)

Slo.: mali rjavi uljevec (?) - syn.: Physcia pusilla Mereschk., Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.- Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a stand-alone, medium size, recently cut down Juglans regia; on medium size and smaller branches. Comment: Phaeophyscia pusilloides is another beautiful and in my region quite rare (Ref.:4) foliose lichen. It is known from Europe and East America. A characteristic trait of this species is semi-globular soralia produced on somewhat uplifted tips of the terminal thallus lobes. Soredia are distinctly lighter in color than thallus, greenish and farinous-granular. Apothecia are said to be rare (Ref.:1) or occasional (Ref.:2), however on this tree they were frequent. Lower side of the thallus is covered with zillions of simple black rhizines, which are very apparent. Also the apothecia have an interesting corona of black rhizines growing from their outer lower surface (Pic. 3). The species is dark gray or almost black when dry. On this tree, laying on ground, about 25 different lichens have been observed. Ref.: (1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 543. (2) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55099 (accessed 3.2.2018) (3) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Phaeophyscia%20pusilloides (accessed 2.2.2018) (4) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1707 (accessed 3.2.2018)

Slo.: mali rjavi uljevec (?) - syn.: Physcia pusilla Mereschk., Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.- Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a stand-alone, medium size, recently cut down Juglans regia; on medium size and smaller branches. Comment: Phaeophyscia pusilloides is another beautiful and in my region quite rare (Ref.:4) foliose lichen. It is known from Europe and East America. A characteristic trait of this species is semi-globular soralia produced on somewhat uplifted tips of the terminal thallus lobes. Soredia are distinctly lighter in color than thallus, greenish and farinous-granular. Apothecia are said to be rare (Ref.:1) or occasional (Ref.:2), however on this tree they were frequent. Lower side of the thallus is covered with zillions of simple black rhizines, which are very apparent. Also the apothecia have an interesting corona of black rhizines growing from their outer lower surface (Pic. 3). The species is dark gray or almost black when dry. On this tree, laying on ground, about 25 different lichens have been observed. Ref.: (1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 543. (2) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55099 (accessed 3.2.2018) (3) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Phaeophyscia%20pusilloides (accessed 2.2.2018) (4) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1707 (accessed 3.2.2018)

Slo.: mali rjavi uljevec (?) - syn.: Physcia pusilla Mereschk., Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.- Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a stand-alone, medium size, recently cut down Juglans regia; on medium size and smaller branches. Comment: Phaeophyscia pusilloides is another beautiful and in my region quite rare (Ref.:4) foliose lichen. It is known from Europe and East America. A characteristic trait of this species is semi-globular soralia produced on somewhat uplifted tips of the terminal thallus lobes. Soredia are distinctly lighter in color than thallus, greenish and farinous-granular. Apothecia are said to be rare (Ref.:1) or occasional (Ref.:2), however on this tree they were frequent. Lower side of the thallus is covered with zillions of simple black rhizines, which are very apparent. Also the apothecia have an interesting corona of black rhizines growing from their outer lower surface (Pic. 3). The species is dark gray or almost black when dry. On this tree, laying on ground, about 25 different lichens have been observed. Ref.: (1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 543. (2) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55099 (accessed 3.2.2018) (3) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Phaeophyscia%20pusilloides (accessed 2.2.2018) (4) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1707 (accessed 3.2.2018)

Slo.: mali rjavi uljevec (?) - syn.: Physcia pusilla Mereschk., Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.- Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a stand-alone, medium size, recently cut down Juglans regia; on medium size and smaller branches. Comment: Phaeophyscia pusilloides is another beautiful and in my region quite rare (Ref.:4) foliose lichen. It is known from Europe and East America. A characteristic trait of this species is semi-globular soralia produced on somewhat uplifted tips of the terminal thallus lobes. Soredia are distinctly lighter in color than thallus, greenish and farinous-granular. Apothecia are said to be rare (Ref.:1) or occasional (Ref.:2), however on this tree they were frequent. Lower side of the thallus is covered with zillions of simple black rhizines, which are very apparent. Also the apothecia have an interesting corona of black rhizines growing from their outer lower surface (Pic. 3). The species is dark gray or almost black when dry. On this tree, laying on ground, about 25 different lichens have been observed. Ref.: (1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 543. (2) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55099 (accessed 3.2.2018) (3) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Phaeophyscia%20pusilloides (accessed 2.2.2018) (4) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1707 (accessed 3.2.2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins.The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Physconia pulverulacea Moberg. Lichen distortus With. - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Physconia distorta is a widespread and common foliose lichen growing almost on the whole world. After longer rains, when it is soaked with rain it is deep green and beautiful, while when dry, it is dark brown, brown-grayish or gray and much less attractive. The species can be recognized by: usually abundant apothecia (see Pic.3), thallus without soralia, soredia, maculae or cilia and abundant black, bottle-brush-like rhizines (see Pic.10) forming a dense mat on the underside of the thallus (see Pic.8). Thallus underside is dark in older parts but much lighter toward the edges and rhizines are almost simple on the thallus margins. The upper canopy branches of the tree examined were full of specimens of this species. Pictures taken after several rainy days, except Pic.9 and 17, which show dry specimen. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 86. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 728. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 343. (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 704.