Clypeomorus purpurastoma Houbrick 1985

Clypeomorus purpurastoma

DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 38; Table 23): Adult shell turreted, fusiform, reaching 26.8 mm in length and having teleoconch of 10–12 whorls with an apical angle of about 40 degrees. Whorls moderately inflated; upper whorls attenuate, concave in outline but becoming larger and more globose in last three whorls giving entire shell a pupiform outline. Protoconch unknown. Whorls sculptured with 3 (rarely 4) major spiral beaded cords and two spiral lirae, which may also bear tiny beads. Numerous fine spiral incised lines present. Each spiral cord bears about 19 beads per whorl. Beads aligned to form axial ribs only on first 4 whorls. Later whorls have dominant spiral sculpture and an occasional former varix. Suture straight, somewhat indistinct. Body whorl large, a little over one-half shell length and nearly circular in cross section. Body whorl sculptured with 8 spiral beaded cords, the largest one being subsutural. Large varix on right dorsal surface of body whorl at 65 degree angle to plane of aperture. Very weak, barely discernible varix present opposite outer lip. Aperture oval, small, about one-third the shell length. Columella concave with narrow parietal callus and distinct columellar lip. Anterior siphonal canal short, slightly reflected and bent to left at 45 degree angle to shell axis. Anterior siphonal canal well developed, bordered with columellar fold that extends well within shell aperture. Outer lip of aperture curved, semicircular, smooth, and thin, except for thick varix on outer surface of lip. Inner surface of lip relatively smooth or with weak spiral lirae. Bottom of outer lip partially crosses over anterior siphonal canal. Parietal portion of outer lip extends slightly onto penultimate whorl. Plane of outer lip parallel with shell axis. When shell viewed anteriorly, siphonal canal opening is at center. Periostracum thin, brownish. Shell color variable, usually white with brown blotches and spiral brown spots and streaks. Beads usually dark brown, sometimes white. Shell occasionally banded with brown or entirely melanistic. Aperture and columella purple. Operculum, thin, tan, ovate, and corneous with eccentric nucleus near columellar edge. Attachment scar oval and on lower obverse half of operculum.

Radula (Figure 39; Table 24): Radular ribbon short, about one-seventh the shell length, comprised of about 83 rows of teeth. Shell length/radula length index 6.9. Rachidian tooth (Figure 39e) pentagonal, about 50 μm wide. Top of rachidian tooth slightly concave, rounded at sides and bearing 1 central spade-shaped cusp flanked by 2 (sometimes 1) tiny blunt denticles on each side. Sides of rachidian tooth rounded, terminating in a point midway along basal plate of tooth. Basal plate of rachidian tooth a rounded triangle that has tiny, elevated ridge medianly placed on each side. Lateral tooth (Figure 39b,c,f) rhomboidal with long lateral extension of basal plate that tapers and twists where it is inserted on radular membrane. Basal plate of lateral tooth with large pointed median buttress, directed downward. Center of buttress has tiny raised pustule. Top of lateral tooth concave with cutting edge bearing large broad chisel-like median cusp flanked on inner side by small pointed denticle and on outer side by 2 widely spearated pointed denticles. Lateral extension of basal plate with slight flange directly adjacent to cutting edge of lateral tooth. Marginal teeth (Figure 39d,e) long and sinuous, with moderately wide shafts and pointed bases where they are inserted onto radular membrane. Tips of marginal teeth spatulate and sharply curved. Inner marginal tooth with broad chisel-shaped central denticle flanked on inner side by 2 nearly fused pointed denticles and by 1 outer pointed denticle. Outer marginal tooth same only lacking outer denticle.

Animal: Head-foot color dusky, blotched with black, orange, and white. Snout darkly pigmented in center. Tentacles anterior to eyes, darkly pigmented. Inner edge of inhalant siphon has large yellow siphonal spot. Other anatomical systems as described in Clypeomorus bifasciata.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 774749, 26 mm in length, 10.5 mm in width (Figure 38e).

PARATYPES.—USNM 784650, 16 specimens.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—In sandy areas around boulders just below low tide mark, Napot Pt, Morong, Bataan, Luzon, Philippines.

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Latin purpura (purple) and the Greek stoma (mouth), referring to the purple aperture.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—EAST AFRICA: Isla di Serpenti, Chisimaio, Somalia (AMNH 146219); Kichangani Kenya (BMNH); NW of Choca, SW Conducia Bay, Mozambique (NMH1893); Ras Chokir, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (USNM 786797); Mombassa Id, Tanzania (ANSP 272424); Mangapwani, NW Zanzibar (ANSP 212969); Pange Id, W Zanzibar (ANSP 214275). MADAGASCAR: Pt Fièvre, Nossi-Bé, (ANSP 258528, USNM 719218, 719456, 774505); N of Sarodrano Pt, Tuléar (USNM 771433); Ambariobe, South Rock, Nossi-Bé (USNM 720105); Crater Pt, Ambatomboka, Nossi-Bé (USNM 285585); Sarodrano, Tuléar; Sarodrano, N Point, Tuléar; Grand Récif, Tuléar (MNHNP). INDIAN OCEAN: Baie Ternay, Mahé, Seychelles (BMNH); Port Blair, Andaman Ids (BMNH).

SOUTHEAST ASIA: Goh Sindarar Nua (Chance Id), Thailand (USNM 661431); Laam Son, W Phuket Id, Andaman Sea, Thailand (ANSP 286011, 286013); Laam Seng, 1 mi (1.6 km) S of Laam Son, W Phuket Id, Andaman Sea, Thailand (ANSP 285853); N end Bangtan Bay, W side of Phuket Id, Thailand (ANSP 285927); Raffles Light, Singapore (ANSP 272425); Labrador, Singapore (ANSP 245688); off Mersing, E coast of Malaysia (WAM). INDONESIA: S coast Gomumu Id, S of Obi Id, Moluccas (WAM); Waratneu Id, Tajundu, Kai Ids, Moluccas (USNM 746762); Pombo Id, Haruku Strait, E of Ambon (USNM 746563); Teloc Slawi, Komodo, Lesser Sundas (UF, no number); Pulau Siburu, N of Sipora Id, SW Sumatra (USNM 654725). N. BORNEO: Kudat (USNM 666749); Sibuan Id (ANSP 295334); Taganak Id (USNM 243942). RYUKYU ISLANDS: Amamioshima (USNM 774581). TAIWAN: (ANSP 243475).

PHILIPPINES: Sabtang Id, Batanes Group (USNM 243911); Gigmoto, Cataduanes Id (ANSP 223140); Eman Pt, Morong, Bataan, Luzon (USNM 774757, 774770); Napot Pt, Morong, Bataan, Luzon (USNM 774749); Jamelo Bay, Luzon (USNM 243949, 243951); Maricaban Id, Luzon (USNM 232940, 232942, 232979, 232977); Lippo Pt, Balayan Bay, Luzon (USNM 243764); Besogo, Luzon (USNM 232908); Laguna de Bay, Luzon (USNM 283324); Butananan Id, E Luzon (USNM 233003); Santa Cruz Harbor, Marinduque (USNM 243826); Laylay, Marinduque; Puerto Galero, Mindoro (USNM 774481); Hill, W side of Mansaloy Bay, Mindoro (USNM 243818); Salpa Id, 2 km S of Olango Id, E Cebu (ANSP 230447); Pt Naso, Panay (USNM 243898, 243901); Enrique Villaneuva, Siquijon, off Negros (USNM 774493); Palawan (USNM 283308); Port Langcan, Dumaran Id, Palawan (USNM 243878); Puerto Princesa, Palawan (USNM 224615); Cataingan Bay, Dumurug Pt, Masbate (USNM 243834); Malcochin Harbor, Linpacan (USNM 243861); Davao, Mindanao (USNM 233139, LACM 25160); Opol, Mindanao (USNM 232974); Capunuygan Pt, Mindanao (USNM 243888); Polloc, Mindanao (USNM 232912, 232913); Little Santa Cruz Id, Zamboanga, Mindanao (USNM 244032); Baluk Id, Sarangani Group (USNM 244006); Lampinegan Id, off Basilan (USNM 233193); Bubuan Id, Jolo (USNM 233097, 243644); Jolo Jolo, Sulu Archipelago (USNM 232869, 232870, 233097, 233109); W of Caluman Id, SW of Siasi Id, Sulu Archipelago (ANSP 318816); Sitanki, Sitanki, Tawi Tawi Group (USNM 243638); Similuc Id, Tataan Id, Tawi Tawi Group (USNM 239707); small island, 0.5 mi (0.8 km) W of Tara Id, Tapul Id, Sulu Archipelago (USNM 243775, 243789); Bongao Channel, SW end of Sanga Sanga Id, Sulu Archipelago (ANSP 230638); Cagayan Sulu (USNM 233226). PALAU: Kayangel Id, Kayangel Atoll (USNM 489001, 616929); SW Rattakadokoru Id (ANSP 201617); Anguar Id (USNM 616980, 786918).

NEW GUINEA: reef, 1 mi (1.6 km) NE Mios Woendi Id, Padaido Ids, West Irian (ANSP 205771); SSW of Sowek, Soepiori Id, Schouten Group, West Irian (ANSP 207937); Wandamin Bay, West Irian (ZMA). FIJI: Daumba Reef, S coast of Viti Levu (USNM 794733); Daumba Reef, Nauva, Viti Levu (USNM 790683); Nandi Bay, Viti Levu (ANSP 255355); Tavua, Viti Levu (LACM 77-35); inlet by Yanuca Id, Viti Levu (FSM 24772); Suva, Viti Levu (USNM 532104). TONGA: Sopu Reef, Tongatapu (USNM 654210).

Clypeomorus inflata (Quoy and Gaimard), new combination

Cerithium inflatum Quoy and Gaimard, 1834:130, pl. 55: fig. 10 [holotype: MNHNP, no number; type-locality: île de Vanikoro].—Kiener, 1841: 41–42, pl. 7: fig. 1–Deshayes in Lamarck, 1843:319–320.—Sowerby, 1855:871, pl. 182: fig. 170; Sowerby 1865, pl. 9: fig. 60.—Tyron, 1887:132, pl. 23: fig. 16 [not figs. 17, 18 or pl. 34: fig. 7].—Martens, 1897:174–175.—Kobelt, 1898:185–186, pl. 34: fig. 7.—Tesch, 1920:55–56, pl. 131; fig. 180.—Oostingh, 1925:4.

DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 41; Table 25): Adult shell globose with low spire and teleoconch of 7 or 8 inflated angular whorls having apical angle of 45–50 degrees. Shell reaching 26.9 mm in length. Whorls of teleoconch with broad subsutural ramp below, which are 2 nodose spiral cords. Whorls sculptured with numerous small spiral cords and deeply incised spiral lines crossed by tiny axial incised lines giving shell a scaly appearance. Nodes on spiral cords aligned to form about 12 axial ribs per whorl but former varices interrupt regular pattern of axial nodes. Postnuclear whorls sculptured with 3 or 4 spiral cords, usually badly eroded. Protoconch unknown. Body whorl large, highly inflated, and sculptured with 7 major spiral cords, numerous fine spiral threads, and incised spiral lines. Major spiral cords are thickest at center and base of body whorl. Large, angular dorsal varix and varix opposite outer lip present on body whorl. Base of body whorl constricted, with thick siphonal fasciole, and apertural side somewhat flattened. Suture deeply impressed, wavy. Aperture large, round, flaring, a little less than half the shell length. Anterior siphonal canal short but distinct, about 45 degrees to the left of the shell axis. Anal canal distinct, bordered by parietal columellar plait, which extends well within shell aperture. Columella concave with thickened parietal callus. Outer lip thick, rounded, and crenulate, having numerous spiral plications on its inner surface. Parietal part of outer lip extends slightly onto penultimate whorl. Plane of outer lip parallel to shell axis. Shell color ranges from dark brown to cream, occasionally spiral tan bands present. Aperture and columella white. Periostracum thin, light brown, usually eroded. Operculum unknown.

Animal: Not known.

Radula (Figure 42): Radular ribbon long, a little over one-third the shell length. Radular ribbon 9 mm long, comprising 153 rows of teeth in snail 25 mm long. Shell length/radula length index 2.7. Rachidian tooth (Figure 42d) pentagonal, about 60 μm wide. Basal plate of rachidian tooth flat with median narrow buttress that projects slightly over median base of plate. Top of buttress extends laterally to sides of basal plate. Top of rachidian tooth concave, forming deep V-shaped depression in center. Cutting edge of rachidian tooth has broad central rounded spade-shaped cusp flanked on each side with single tiny rounded denticle. Lateral tooth (Figure 42b,c) rhomboidal with long twisted basolateral projection that inserts onto radular membrane. Basal plate of lateral tooth with long semimedian buttress-like projection directed downward. Top of lateral tooth straight with broad chisel-like central cusp flanked on each side with single tiny denticle. Where outer denticle ends on top of lateral tooth, upper basal plate has flange before extending basolaterally. Marginal teeth (Figure 42b,c) long and wide, curving at tips and narrow at base where inserted onto radular membrane. Curved tips of marginal teeth broadly spatulate, forming large spoon-shaped central cusp with rounded edge. Inner marginal tooth with tiny single sharp denticle nearly fused to each side of cusp. Outer marginal tooth same, lacking outer denticle.