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Australische Laubfrösche ( German )

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Die Australischen Laubfrösche (Pelodryadidae) sind eine Familie der Frösche. Sie werden bis heute in vielen systematischen Arbeiten als Unterfamilie der Laubfrösche angesehen.[1]

Merkmale

Von den Laubfröschen unterscheiden sich die Arten der Familie morphologisch nicht grundlegend. Daher wurden sie auch lange Zeit in der Gattung Hyla geführt, zu der beispielsweise der Europäische Laubfrosch gehört. Typisch für alle kletternden Frösche der Familie der Australischen Laubfrösche sind die Haftscheiben an den Finger- und Zehenenden. Die Arten innerhalb der Familie sind im Erscheinungsbild, in ihrem Verhalten und ihren Lebensraumansprüchen sehr verschieden. Ihre Verbreitung legt jedoch eine gemeinsame Abstammung nahe.

Verbreitung

Die Australischen Laubfrösche kommen nicht nur auf dem australischen Kontinent einschließlich Tasmaniens vor, sondern sind auch auf Neuguinea, dem Bismarck-Archipel, den Kleinen Sundainseln, den Molukken, den Salomon-Inseln und auf Timor artenreich vertreten. Auf mehreren weiteren Inseln (beispielsweise Neukaledonien, Neuseeland und Guam) wurden Arten vom Menschen eingeführt.

Systematik

Die Familie umfasst zwei Unterfamilien:[2]

Arten (Auswahl)

Stand: 5. August 2019

In aktuellen systematischen Übersichten werden 93 Arten der Gattung Litoria zugerechnet. Viele Arten von Litoria wurden innerhalb der Familie Pelodryadidae anderen Gattungen zugeordnet. Nyctimystes umfasst 42 Arten und Dryopsophus bzw. Ranoidea hat 73 Arten.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Pelodryadidae. In: Lexikon der Biologie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1999.
  2. Darrel R. Frost: Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858. In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998–2019. Abgerufen am 5. August 2019
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Australische Laubfrösche: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Australischen Laubfrösche (Pelodryadidae) sind eine Familie der Frösche. Sie werden bis heute in vielen systematischen Arbeiten als Unterfamilie der Laubfrösche angesehen.

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Pelodryadidae

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Pelodryadinae, also known as Australian treefrogs (although not all members are arboreal), is a subfamily of frogs found in the region of Australia and New Guinea, and have also been introduced to New Caledonia, Guam, New Zealand, and Vanuatu.[1]

The subfamily is thought to be the sister group to the leaf frogs (Phyllomedusinae), a subfamily of arboreal frogs known from the Neotropics. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, with the two subfamilies diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of the subfamily Pelodryadinae likely invaded Australasia via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over, thus was hospitable for the dispersing frogs.[2] The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene.[3]

Classification


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The subfamily contains 222 species in three genera:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b "Pelodryadinae Günther, 1858 | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  2. ^ Duellman, William E.; Marion, Angela B.; Hedges, S. Blair (2016-04-19). "Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)". Zootaxa. 4104 (1): 1–109. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  3. ^ Feng, Yan-Jie; Blackburn, David C.; Liang, Dan; Hillis, David M.; Wake, David B.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Peng (2017-07-18). "Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (29): E5864–E5870. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704632114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 28673970.

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Pelodryadidae: Brief Summary

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Pelodryadinae, also known as Australian treefrogs (although not all members are arboreal), is a subfamily of frogs found in the region of Australia and New Guinea, and have also been introduced to New Caledonia, Guam, New Zealand, and Vanuatu.

The subfamily is thought to be the sister group to the leaf frogs (Phyllomedusinae), a subfamily of arboreal frogs known from the Neotropics. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, with the two subfamilies diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of the subfamily Pelodryadinae likely invaded Australasia via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over, thus was hospitable for the dispersing frogs. The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene.

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Pelodryadidae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Pelodryadidae es un clado de anfibios anuros endémicos de Australasia. Contiene 3 géneros y 218 especies, hasta hace poco pertenecientes a la subfamilia Pelodryadinae de la familia Hylidae.[1]

Géneros

Se reconocen las siguientes según ASW:[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Frost, D.R. «Pelodryadidae ». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 29 de enero de 2021.
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Pelodryadidae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Pelodryadidae es un clado de anfibios anuros endémicos de Australasia. Contiene 3 géneros y 218 especies, hasta hace poco pertenecientes a la subfamilia Pelodryadinae de la familia Hylidae.​

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Pelodryadidae ( French )

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Les Pelodryadidae sont une famille d'amphibiens[1]. Elle a été décrite par Albert Charles Lewis Günther en 1858.

Répartition

Les espèces des trois genres de cette famille se rencontrent en Australie, dans l'Est de l'Indonésie, en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée et aux Salomon[1].

Liste des sous-familles et genres

Selon Amphibian Species of the World (21 avril 2016)[2] :

Publication originale

  • Günther, 1858 : On the Systematic Arrangement of th Tailless Batrachians and the Structure of Rhinophrynus dorsalis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 26, p. 339-352 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Pelodryadidae: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Pelodryadidae sont une famille d'amphibiens. Elle a été décrite par Albert Charles Lewis Günther en 1858.

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Pelodryadidae ( Italian )

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Le Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858, dette raganelle australiane, sono una famiglia di anfibi.[1]

Descrizione

Distribuzione e habitat

Le specie di questa famiglia sono presenti sul territorio australiano e nella regione di Papua.[1]

Tassonomia

La famiglia comprende 219 specie raggruppate in tre generi[1] a cui si sommano alcune specie dalla collocazione incerta:

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Pelodryadidae, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 20 febbraio 2021.

Bibliografia

  • Dowling, H. G., and W. E. Duellman . 1978. Systematic Herpetology: A Synopsis of Families and Higher Categories [New York]: HISS Publications.
  • Wiens, J. J., C. A. Kuczynski, X. Hua, and D. S. Moen . 2010. An expanded phylogeny of treefrogs (Hylidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55: 871-882.

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Pelodryadidae: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Le Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858, dette raganelle australiane, sono una famiglia di anfibi.

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Pelodryadidae ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Pelodryadidae vormen een familie van kikkers. Ze werden tot 2016 als een onderfamilie van de boomkikkers (Hylidae) gezien.[1] In de literatuur wordt daarom vaak de verouderde situatie vermeld.

Er zijn ongeveer 110 soorten in drie geslachten die voorkomen in Australië en zuidoostelijk Azië.[2]

Taxonomie

Referenties
  1. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Pelodryadidae.
  2. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Pelodryadidae.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Pelodryadidae - Website Geconsulteerd 4 december 2016
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Pelodryadidae - Website
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Pelodryadidae: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Pelodryadidae vormen een familie van kikkers. Ze werden tot 2016 als een onderfamilie van de boomkikkers (Hylidae) gezien. In de literatuur wordt daarom vaak de verouderde situatie vermeld.

Er zijn ongeveer 110 soorten in drie geslachten die voorkomen in Australië en zuidoostelijk Azië.

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Pelodryadidae ( Portuguese )

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Pelodryadidae é uma família de anfíbios da ordem Anura, cujas espécies podem ser encontradas de forma nativa na Austrália, na Nova Guiné e nas ilhas próximas. Foram introduzidas em Guam, na Nova Caledônia, na Nova Zelândia e em Vanuatu.[1] Mutas espécies são arborícolas, mas algumas apresentam comportamentos terrestres e até semi-fossoriais, como a Ranoidea alboguttata.[2]

O tamanho de suas espécies é variável, indo dos 18 milímetros da Litoria microbelos até os 135 milímetros da Nyctimystes infrafrenatus. São bem semelhantes com os membros da família Hylidae, possuindo discos adesivos e com a cintura escapular sendo arciferal, porém diferem desta pela não-obrigatoriedade de ter a pupila horizontal. Seus ovos são depositados em corpos d'água, onde os girinos completam a sua metamorfose.[3]

Taxonomia

Foi descrita em 1858 pelo zoólogo britânico Albert Günther, porém, até 2016, foi tratada como uma subfamília da família Hylidae. Nesse ano, foi feita uma revisão taxonômica pelos pesquisadores William Duelmann, Angela Marion e Blair Hedges, que chegaram a conclusão, a partir de análises genéticas de que ela deveria ser uma família a parte, contendo duas subfamílias e sete espécies Incertae sedis. É tratada como um táxon irmão da Phyllomedusidae.[1]

Classificação

Referências

  1. a b «Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858» (em inglês). Amphibian Species of the World. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2020
  2. «Hylidae» (em inglês). AmphibiaWeb. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2020
  3. Duelmann, William E.; Marion, Angela B.; Hedges, Blair (19 de abril de 2016). «Phylogenetics, classification and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)» (PDF). Zootaxa (em inglês). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2020
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Pelodryadidae: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Pelodryadidae é uma família de anfíbios da ordem Anura, cujas espécies podem ser encontradas de forma nativa na Austrália, na Nova Guiné e nas ilhas próximas. Foram introduzidas em Guam, na Nova Caledônia, na Nova Zelândia e em Vanuatu. Mutas espécies são arborícolas, mas algumas apresentam comportamentos terrestres e até semi-fossoriais, como a Ranoidea alboguttata.

O tamanho de suas espécies é variável, indo dos 18 milímetros da Litoria microbelos até os 135 milímetros da Nyctimystes infrafrenatus. São bem semelhantes com os membros da família Hylidae, possuindo discos adesivos e com a cintura escapular sendo arciferal, porém diferem desta pela não-obrigatoriedade de ter a pupila horizontal. Seus ovos são depositados em corpos d'água, onde os girinos completam a sua metamorfose.

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