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Image of Solidago rugosa var. celtidifolia (Small) Fern.
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Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod

Solidago rugosa Mill.

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Solidago rugosa is highly variable in size, array shape, and hairiness. It is similar to members of the S. canadensis complex; it differs in not having 3-nerved leaves. The species is divided into two subspecies and five varieties that can be difficult to distinguish.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 20: 139,144, 145, 146 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants 30–200 cm; rhizomes long-creeping, forming clones. Stems 1–50+, erect, glabrous or densely hispid to strigose. Leaves: basal withering by flowering; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades elliptic to lanceolate, 68–104 × 20–25 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces usually hispido-strigose (at least on main nerves), nerves sometimes prominent, abaxial glabrate; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–)40–75(–90) × (6–)12–22(–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced distally, margins coarsely to finely serrate, ciliate, indument similar to proximal or denser. Heads 50–1500 , secund, in secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays 7–36(–50) × 9–26 cm, compact to lax, branches divergent and recurved, longest 0.8–34 cm, leafy-bracteate. Peduncles 1–1.8 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigillose; bracteoles linear- lanceolate to ovate. Involucres narrowly campanulate, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute to obtuse. Ray florets (4–)6–8(–12); laminae (0.9–)1–1.6(–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm. Disc florets (2–)4–6(–8); corollas 2–3.5(–4.5) mm, lobes (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.3) mm. Cypselae (narrowly obconic) 0.9–1.5 mm, moderately strigillose; pappi 1.8–2.5 mm.
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 20: 139,144, 145, 146 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym

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Aster rugosus (Miller) Kuntze
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 20: 139,144, 145, 146 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Solidago rugosa

provided by wikipedia EN

Solidago rugosa, commonly called the wrinkleleaf goldenrod[2] or rough-stemmed goldenrod,[3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is widespread across eastern and central Canada (from Newfoundland to Ontario) and the eastern and central United States (Maine west as far as Wisconsin and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas).[4] It is usually found in wet to mesic habitats.[5]

Description

Solidago rugosa is a rough-leaved herbaceous perennial up to 2 m (6.6 ft) tall. Its leaves are primarily cauline. One plant can produce as many as 50 stems, each with 50–1500 yellow flower heads.[5] It flowers in late summer through fall.[6] It can be distinguished from the similar-looking Solidago ulmifolia by the presence of creeping rhizomes, and by its more abrupt leaf bases.[7]

  • 1913 illustration[8]

    1913 illustration[8]

  • Growing in a ruderal habitat

    Growing in a ruderal habitat

  • A stalk of flowers.

    A stalk of flowers.

Galls

This species is host to the following insect induced galls:

external link to gallformers

Taxonomy

Solidago rugosa is a variable plant throughout its range. Five varieties are currently recognized, although their relationships are complex and poorly understood.[7] The varieties are:[5][6]

  • Solidago rugosa var. aspera (Aiton) Fernald - common throughout the east
  • Solidago rugosa var. celtidifolia (Small) Fernald - coastal plain from Texas to Virginia
  • Solidago rugosa var. cronquistiana Semple - high elevations in Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina
  • Solidago rugosa var. rugosa - common, generally more northern and Appalachian
  • Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila C. Graves - cedar swamps from Nova Scotia to coastal Virginia

Conservation

Solidago rugosa is common throughout most of its range, and is not tracked at the species level in any state or province it is native to.[9] However, in Connecticut the variety sphagnophila is listed as a special concern and believed to be extirpated from the state.[10]

Cultivation

Solidago rugosa is grown as an ornamental garden plant. The cultivar ‘Fireworks’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[11]

Native American ethnobotany

The Iroquois use the whole plant for biliousness and as liver medicine, and take a decoction of flowers and leaves for dizziness, weakness or sunstroke.[12]

References

  1. ^ The Plant List, Solidago rugosa Mill.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Solidago rugosa". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  3. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ "Solidago rugosa". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Flora of North America, Solidago rugosa Miller, 1768. Rough-stemmed or wrinkle-leaf goldenrod, verge d’or rugueuse
  6. ^ a b Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  7. ^ a b Yatskievych, George (2006). Flora of Missouri, Volume 2. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 274.
  8. ^ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 3: 390.
  9. ^ Solidago rugosa NatureServe
  10. ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 31 December 2017.(Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  11. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Solidago rugossa 'Fireworks'". Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  12. ^ Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461

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Solidago rugosa: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Solidago rugosa, commonly called the wrinkleleaf goldenrod or rough-stemmed goldenrod, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is widespread across eastern and central Canada (from Newfoundland to Ontario) and the eastern and central United States (Maine west as far as Wisconsin and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas). It is usually found in wet to mesic habitats.

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