Cladoniaceae

Slo.: ? - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 380 m (1.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy calcareous soil pocket Ch: squamule thallus K-, KC+ light yellow, P+ pale red (?)

Habitat: abandoned stony pasture, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope with some Picea abies and Corylus avellana bushes, overgrown calcareous, stony ground, however possibly somewhat acid; very shallow soil layer, more or less open place, but mostly in shade of high Picea abies trees,exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 590 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: stony ground, among low grasses and mosses. - Comment: Determined by habitus and habitat only. No chemistry tests done. This species is very variable according to literature. Usually published pictures show much less podetia squamules and less branched habitus. Hence I have doubts the determination is correct. On other side. Ref.:(1) shows very similar habitus. Also I was unable to find a better alternative with characteristically almost absent ground squamules and typical 'cups' of the podetia. - Ref.: (1) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 604. (2) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 329. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 140. (4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol.1. Ulmer (1995), p 327.

Slo.: ? - Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)- Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground. - Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8') in diameter and had about 5 cm (2') thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist. - Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334. (4) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html

Habitat: Mixed forest mostly Picea abies/Fagus sylvatica, moist alpine valley, quite shaded, insolation minimal, air humidity medium to high, exposed to precipitation, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: A mossy tree stump almost completely decomposed into soil

Habitat: Mixed woods, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, humid and relatively cool place, in shade, rain protected by trees' canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: heavily rotten Picea abies stump, SW oriented Ref.: Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembers, Ulmer, Vol.1. p322 Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnof, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p247

Habitat: light mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies, partly shade, partly protected against direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil with rotten wood debris and Picea abies needles. Ref: V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p57. I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p254.

Slo.: kladonija

Habitat: wood-side of mixed forest mainly Picea abies, Fagus Sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, narrow alpine valley, half shadow, humid air, partially protected against direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 660 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy soil. Ref.: V.Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p52 V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembers, Ulmer (1995), Vol.1., p327 I.Dobson, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnof, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p255.

Syn.: Cladonia pyxidata ssp. pocillum - Habitat: Lightly overgrown alluvial deposits of upper Soca river, calcareous rock, open space, full sun, fully exposed to rain, flat ground, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: moss on alluvial calcareous pebbles.

Determination not certain. No chemical or microscope verification. Habitat: Dirt road side, at the foot of overgrown scree slops, moderately steep SW exposition, relatively warm and well drained place, air humidity high, full sun, fully exposed to rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 330 m (1.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy overgrown soil

Syn.: Cladonia bacillaris - Habitat: Light mixed wood with bushes, densely overgrown ground, settled alluvial calcareous river deposits, flat terrain, quite sunny, humid air, exposed to precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 360 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Pinus sp. stump, partly debarked. - Ref.: - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p330. - I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p259. - N. Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Conservation Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.

Comment: Determination not certain. Generally, field characters of C. chlopolraea from literature fit well to pictures. However, habitus of the speciment shown shows narrower than usual cups and frequently inflated podetia stalks, which doesn't seem typical for C.Chlorophaea. Habitat: wood-side, mixed forest with dominant Fagus sylvatica, partly sunny, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a partly rotten Fagus sylvativa stump and humus soil beneath it. Ref.: F.Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p135. I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p247. N.Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Cons.Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.

Habitat: Overgrown rocky base of scree slops, partly in shade, northwest oriented, humid air, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 350 m (1.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on mossy thin soil covered calcareous rocks Ch.: primary squamules and podetia K-, P- Description: Podetia 20 to 30 mm high, 0.8 to 1.8 mm in diameter, gradually thinner toward tips. Their surface uniformly and densely farinose or granular almost from the base to the tip (sorediate ?). At the base, up to 15-30% of their height, distinctly squamulous (sometimes up to the tip), at the base among squamules rarely areolate corticate. Most of the tips pointed with a brown red pyknidia., only rarely forming a small, often distorted, cup with 3 to 5 pyknidia, which have only slightly larger or the same diameter as podetia. Podetia grow from a cluster of larges primary squamules, not from a surface of a large squamule. Most of podetia +/- curved at tips, larger ones usually having one to three side branches (never dichotomously forked). Some podetia have a longitudinal crack in their surface.

Slo.: ? - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 380 m (1.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy calcareous soil pocket Ch: squamule thallus K-, KC+ light yellow, P+ pale red (?)

Habitat: abandoned stony pasture, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope with some Picea abies and Corylus avellana bushes, overgrown calcareous, stony ground, however possibly somewhat acid; very shallow soil layer, more or less open place, but mostly in shade of high Picea abies trees,exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 590 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: stony ground, among low grasses and mosses. - Comment: Determined by habitus and habitat only. No chemistry tests done. This species is very variable according to literature. Usually published pictures show much less podetia squamules and less branched habitus. Hence I have doubts the determination is correct. On other side. Ref.:(1) shows very similar habitus. Also I was unable to find a better alternative with characteristically almost absent ground squamules and typical 'cups' of the podetia. - Ref.: (1) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 604. (2) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 329. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 140. (4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol.1. Ulmer (1995), p 327.

Shown with young leaves of Rumex scutatus. - Slo.: ? - Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)- Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground. - Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8') in diameter and had about 5 cm (2') thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist. - Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334. (4) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html