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Brief Summary

provided by Ecomare
The grey gurnard is the most common species of gurnard in the North Sea. In the summer, they stay in massive numbers in the shallow southern North Sea. When it gets colder, they move to warmer water. The grey gurnard is a benthic inhabitant and is often caught as by-catch with other benthic fish (plaice, sole). The grey gurnard itself has hardly any commercial value.
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Diagnostic Description

provided by FAO species catalogs
Head large without deep occipital groove. Total gillrakes on first gill arch 10 to 14. First dorsal fin with 7 to 10 spines, second dorsal fin with 18 to 20 soft rays. Anal fin with 17 to 20 soft rays; pectoral fins short, barely reaching anal fin origin. Vertebrae 37 to 39 (11 to 13 precaudal and 25 to 27 caudal). Lateral line scales a little larger than body scales, with a spinate median keel and a posterior denticulated edge. Breast naked and belly partially scaled. Colour variable, usually greyish-brown with a red tinge on back and sides, exceptionally dull red; underside cream coloured; back and sides usually covered with small white spots; a large rounded black mark present on the first dorsal fin.

References

  • Bauchot, M.-L. - 1987. Triglidae. In: W. Fischer and M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds). Fiches FAO d'Identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche (Révison 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Vértebrés: 1406-1417.
  • Blanc, M. & J.-C. Hureau. - 1973. Triglidae. In: J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds). Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). Unesco, Paris, vol. I: 586-590.
  • Bloch - 1785. Hist. nat. gén, et part. Poiss., 2: 113, pl. 59 (North Sea, Baltic, coast of England).
  • Cerro, Ll. del - 1997. Revisió taxonòmica mundial de la família Triglidae (Pisces, Scorpaeniformes). Tesis Doctoral. Fac. Biologia, Univ. Barcelona. 254 pp.
  • Fraser-Brunner - 1938. 2: 412.
  • Hureau, J.-C - 1986. Triglidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds). Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean (FNAM). Unesco, Paris. Vol. III: 1230-1238.
  • Lacepède - 1801. Hist. nat. Poiss., 3: 362-364 ('Océan Atlantique et Méditerranée').
  • Lloris, D., L. Gil de Sola & J. Rucabado - 2000. Icthyofauna caught during the MEDITS-ES cruises (1994 to 1997) in the Iberian Western Mediterranean. Actes de Colloques d'Ifremer 26: 100-107.
  • Yarrell - 1859. Hist. Brit. Fishes, 2: 32-38.

Size

provided by FAO species catalogs
Maximum 50 cm; common to 30 cm

Brief Summary

provided by FAO species catalogs
Benthic.Mostly common on sandy grounds, sometimes on rocky bottoms, and also on mud between coastline to 191 m depth (Lloris et al., 2000); caught near the surface at night. General migration towards the shore during summer, where it can enter estuaries. Spawning from January to June at 25 to 50 m depth; the eggs are pelagic, as are the young until attaining a length of 3 cm; sexually mature at 3 or 4 years old. Predator on crustaceans, mostly shrimps and shore crabs; fishes, mostly gobies, flatfishes, young herring and sand eels.

Benefits

provided by FAO species catalogs
Caught with bottom trawls, trammel nets and line gear. Marketed fresh.

Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
Head large without deep occipital groove. Vertebrae 37-39 (11-13 precaudal and 25-27 caudal).
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Susan M. Luna
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Life Cycle

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The young are pelagic until attaining a length of 3 cm.
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Trophic Strategy

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General migration towards the shore during summer, where it can enter estuaries.
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Biology

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Common on sandy grounds, sometimes on rocky bottoms, and also on mud between coastline to 140 m depth. Up to depth of 340 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on crustaceans, mostly shrimps and shore crabs; fishes, mostly gobies, flatfish, young herring and sand eels. Makes croaking sounds (Ref. 9987). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten fried and baked (Ref. 9987).
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Rainer Froese
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial
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Grey gurnard

provided by wikipedia EN

The grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea. It is caught as a food fish and is known for producing sounds. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Eutrigla.

Taxonomy

The grey gurnard was first formally described in 1758 as Trigla gurnardus by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae with the type locality given as "British seas".[4] In 1938 the British ichthyologist Alec Frederick Fraser-Brunner classified this species within the monotypic genus Eutrigla.[5] The genus name combines the prefixc eu meaning "well" or "very" with the genus name Trigla, this species has enlarged, bony, keeled scales along its lateral line. The specific name is a latinisation of the English word gurnard.[6]

Description

The grey gurnard has a large head but does not have a deep occipital groove. There are two dorsal fins, the first has 7–10 spines and the second has 18–20 rays. The anal fin has 17–20 rays, the pectoral fins are short, just extending as far as the anal fin origin. The scales along the lateral line are slightly larger than the scales covering the body, and have a spiny keel and a toothed rear edge. The breast is naked of scales while the belly is partially covered in scales. The colour of this fish is variable but it is usually greyish-brown, rarely dull red, and tinged with red on its back and flanks. The underside is cream coloured and the back and flanks are usually covered with small white spots. The first dorsal fin has a large, circular black mark.[7] It can grow to a maximum total length of 60 centimetres (24 in), although a more common total length is 30 centimetres (12 in) while the maximum published weight is 956 grams (2.108 lb).[3]

Distribution

The grey gurnard occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Iceland and Norway south to Morocco, it is found in the North Sea and the southern Baltic Sea as well as off Madeira. In the Mediterranean Sea, its range extends from eastern Spain to Turkey and into the Black Sea.[1]

Habitat and biology

The grey gurnard is a common fish on sandy seabeds but it does occur infrequently on rocky substrates, as well as in mud areas from the shoreline down to 140 metres (460 ft). In the eastern Ionian Sea it has been recorded as deep as 340 metres (1,120 ft). It is a predatory species which feeds on crustaceans, largely shrimps and shore crabs, and small fish, such as gobies, flatfish, young Atlantic herring and sand eels.[3] As with other sea robins, grey gurnards produce sounds. Sound production in this species is often associated with competition for food. Small individuals produce more sounds than larger ones, and emit more "grunts" than "knocks", probably because they more often compete for food by contest tactics whereas larger specimens predominantly scramble for food.[8] In Ireland, the fish has been called the cuckoo fish, knoud, or noud.[9]

Fisheries

Grey gurnards are of commercial importance as a food.[10] The main producers of grey gurnards are China, Taiwan, and Japan. These three countries account for the vast majority of the world's production, with China alone accounting for over 60% of the total. Other significant producers include Indonesia, India, and Vietnam[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Keskin, Ç.; Herrera, J. & de Sola, L. (2015). "Eutrigla gurnardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T198754A45901587. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  2. ^ Golani, D.; Palmeri, A.; Keskin, Ç. (2011). "Eutrigla gurnardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T198754A9096486. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Eutrigla gurnardus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  4. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Eutrigla". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  5. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triglinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  6. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  7. ^ J.C. Hureau. "Grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus)". The fishes of the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  8. ^ Amorim, M. C. P.; Hawkins, A. D. (2005). "Ontogeny of acoustic and feeding behaviour in the grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus". Ethology. 111 (3): 255–269. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01061.x. hdl:10400.12/1444.
  9. ^ The Ancient and Present State of the County of Cork. The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. Guy & Co. Ltd. Guy and Co. Ltd. 1893. p. 231. Retrieved 30 Nov 2013. knoud fish.
  10. ^ "Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758)". FAO Species Fact Sheets. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  11. ^ "Grey gurnard price 2022 - current wholesale market global prices".

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Grey gurnard: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea. It is caught as a food fish and is known for producing sounds. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Eutrigla.

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