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Spotback Herring

Herklotsichthys punctatus (Rüppell 1837)

Diagnostic Description

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Flank silvery, without spots, but a series of small dark spots on back on either side of dorsal fin base or behind it.
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Recorder
Crispina B. Binohlan
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Life Cycle

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Oviparous (Ref. 205).
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Susan M. Luna
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 21; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 - 23
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Trophic Strategy

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Schooling species. Shore pelagic. Zooplanktivorous (Ref. 127989). Found in the vicinity of coral reef areas where it is occasionally abundant (Ref. 117486). Also on sandy shore (Ref. 87154).
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Rubyann Robelle Polido
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Biology

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Forms schools in coastal waters (Ref. 188). Marketed fresh, dried and dried salted or made into fish balls.
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; price category: low; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
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分布

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於西印度洋,包括紅海、亞丁灣。是否分布至西太平洋區,尚需更多研究資料來佐証。
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利用

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產量不高之次經濟性魚種。主要漁法為流刺網、拖網與圍網。一般多醃漬後出售,生鮮時可適合煎炸後食用,或做為延繩釣之釣餌。
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描述

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體延長而側扁,腹部略圓,具稜鱗,16+ 11個。脂性眼瞼發達。口小,端位;上下頜約等長;前上頜骨中間無缺口;上頜骨末端達眼前緣下方。鰓蓋光滑;鰓裂內後緣具2乳突。額頂細紋少,僅3-7條。體被細薄圓鱗,極易脫落;鱗片上之垂直條紋不中斷;背鰭和臀鰭基部之鱗鞘低;胸鰭和腹鰭基部具腋鱗。背鰭位於體中部前方,具軟條16;臀鰭位於體之後半部,具軟條15;腹鰭軟條8;尾鰭深叉。體背部青綠色,體側下方和腹部銀白色;體背兩側具點狀條紋。背鰭淡黃,前端基部不具黑點;尾鰭淡黃,上下葉不具黑緣,且末端不具大塊黑斑;胸鰭淡黃;餘鰭淡色。
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棲地

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沿近海表層洄游性中小型魚類,有時會進入內灣或潟湖區內。群游性。以浮游生物為食。
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Herklotsichthys punctatus

provided by wikipedia EN

Herklotsichthys punctatus, the spotback herring or spotted herring, is a species of herring from the family Clupeidae. It is endemic to the Red Sea and likely entered the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal and is now common on the Levantine Basin.[2]

Description

Herklotsichthys punctatus is a small silvery fish which shows a moderate degree of compression on the body which is said to resemble juveniles of Sardinella spp. The belly has a sharp keel of scutes. The posterior margin of the gill slit has two distinct fleshy outgrowths; there are few gill raker with 29–39 on the lower part of the first arch.[3] There are 3–6 streaks on the top of the head and prominent rows of teeth on the roof of the mouth.[4] There are 8 rays on the pelvic fin,[3] while the dorsal fin has 13–21 soft rays and the anal fin has 12–23 soft rays.[5] The back is blueish-green with numerous small black spots, the flanks have a golden or orange mid=lateral line, the underside is silvery. It grows to 8.5 cm, but is more usually 5–7 cm in length.[3]

Distribution

Herklotsichthys punctatus is distributed in the western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and possibly the Gulf of Aden but this species and other species of Herklotsichthys have been confused, especially Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus.[5] It was first recorded in the Mediterranean in 1943 off the coast of Palestine and is now common in the southeastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea all the way to the Gulf of Sirte.[6][7][4][8]

Biology

Herklotsichthys punctatus is a pelagic and neritic species which van be found from the surface to 20m in depth.[8] It is a sociable species which forms schools in coastal waters[5] H. punctatus feeds almost entirely on zooplankton which it forages for in the upper layers of the water column. Copepods are the main prey followed by euphausiid and megalopa with the remainder of the diet being made up of the larvae of Penaeus prawns, mysids, Lucifer prawns, pelagic gastropods and fish. Feeding was most intense during the south-west monsoon from June to September and during the early hours of the day rather than during the afternoon hours. Smaller fish to 90 mm feed mainly on smaller organisms such as copepods. Larger fish prey on larger organisms such as fish and pelagic gastropods. Mature fish show an intense feeding activity in the months of April and August–September which immediately precede the spawning seasons of this fish.[9]

Human use

Herklotsichthys punctatus is of minor commercial importance fisheries, fished for using trawls and seines[8] in the Mediterranean but with low price reliability[10] the marketing opportunities are limited.[4] It may be marketed as fresh fish, or it is preserved by drying and dry salting or it is made into fish balls.[5]

Naming

Herklotsichthys punctatus was described by the German zoologist Eduard Rüppell in 1837. The generic name Herklotsichthys was coined by the Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley in 1951[11] and honours the Dutch zoologist Jan Adrianus Herklots,[5] while the specific name punctata refers to the spots.[12]

References

  1. ^ "Synonyms of Herklotsichthys punctatus (Rüppell, 1837)". Fishbase. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  2. ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Herklotsichthys punctatus). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Herklotsichthys_punctatus.pdf
  3. ^ a b c J.C Hureau. "Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Spotted herring (Herklotsichthys punctatus)". Marine Species Identification Portal. ETI Bioinformatics. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b c "Herklotsichthys punctatus (Rüppell, 1837)" (PDF) (in Italian). Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale.
  5. ^ a b c d e Crispina B. Binohlan; Nicolas Bailly (2016). R. Froese; D. Pauly (eds.). "Herklotsichthys punctatus (Rüppell, 1837)". Fishbase. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  6. ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Herklotsichthys punctatus). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Herklotsichthys_punctatus.pdf
  7. ^ Esmaile A. Shakman; Ragnar Kinzelbach (2007). "Distribution and characterization of Lessepsian migrant fishes along the coast of Libya" (PDF). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 37 (1): 7–15.
  8. ^ a b c "Herklotsichthys punctatus (Rüppell, 1837)" (PDF). Pesco Libano Project. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  9. ^ R. Marichamy (1970). "Food and feeding habits of the spotted herring, Herklotsichthys punctatus (Ruppell) From the Andaman sea" (PDF). Indian Journal of Fisheries. 17 (1&2): 159–168.
  10. ^ "Herklotsichthys punctatus". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  11. ^ N. Bailly (2017). "Herklotsichthys Whitley, 1951". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  12. ^ "Latin definition for: punctatus, punctata, punctatum". Kevin D. Mahoney. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
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Herklotsichthys punctatus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Herklotsichthys punctatus, the spotback herring or spotted herring, is a species of herring from the family Clupeidae. It is endemic to the Red Sea and likely entered the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal and is now common on the Levantine Basin.

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Forms schools in coastal waters. Marketed fresh, dried and dried salted or made into fish balls.

Reference

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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