Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
provided by AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 6.3 years (wild)
- license
- cc-by-3.0
- copyright
- Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
- editor
- de Magalhaes, J. P.
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Spawning peak in summer to early autumn with 30 to more than 100 egg-cases per year depending on the size of the female (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits inshore waters. Feeds on all kinds of benthic animals.
- Recorder
- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Inhabit inshore waters (Ref. 3167). Depth range to 170 m (Ref. 04426), and from 333-343 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on all kinds of benthic animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 4.5 cm long and 3.0 cm wide (Ref. 41304). Minimum depth range (Ref. 117283).
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
