Sharp Nosed Deep Sea Shrimp

Acanthephyra acutifrons Bate, 1888

Acanthephyra acutifrons Bate, 1888:749 [in part], pl. 126: fig. 3 [type-locality, restricted by Kemp (1906:20): off Kepulauan Aru, Indonesia; 5°41′S, 134°04′30″E; 1463 m].—Chace, 1940:146, fig. 23.

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument thin but not membranous; rostrum slightly less than as long as carapace, not reaching level of distal end of antennal scale, ventral margin oblique, armed with 1 tooth; carapace with dorsal margin carinate over nearly entire length, nearly straight, not interrupted by cervical groove, branchiostegal spine buttressed by very short, blunt carina, suprabranchial ridge perceptible but little elevated; abdomen dorsally carinate on all 6 somites, with posteromesial tooth on posterior 4, 3rd somite with posterior margin rather deeply excavate either side of median tooth, 6th somite about 1 times as long as posterior height; telson shallowly sulcate in dorsal midline, with 5 or 6 pairs of inconspicuous dorsolateral spines; eyestalk bearing small papilla barely reaching juncture with cornea; maximum carapace length 55 mm.

RANGE.—Material in the Smithsonian collections (USNM) indicates that A. acutifrons occurs in the Indian Ocean and Indonesia and in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, both western and eastern; both adults and juveniles are mesopelagic, at least part of the time.

*2. Acanthephyra armata A. Milne-Edwards, 1881

Acanthephyra armata A. Milne-Edwards, 1881b:12 [type-locality: off St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles, 772 m].—Bate, 1888:744, pl. 125: fig. 2.

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument firm; rostrum –1 times as long as carapace, overreaching antennal scale, ventral margin convex, armed with 1 tooth; carapace with dorsal margin carinate, very obscurely so on posterior , nearly straight, not interrupted by cervical groove, branchiostegal spine buttressed by variably sharp carina extending posteriorly little more than length of spine, suprabranchial ridge distinct, sharp subbranchial carina near ventral margin of carapace; abdomen dorsally carinate on 5 posterior somites, rarely with faint ridge on anteriormost, 4 posterior somites with posteromesial tooth, 3rd somite with posterior margin rather deeply excavate either side of median tooth, 6th somite abut 1 times as long as posterior height; telson with strong rounded ridge in anterior of dorsal midline, with 3, rarely 4, pairs of small dorsolateral spines; eyestalk with slight elevation, but no true papilla, on mesial surface near juncture with cornea; maximum carapace length 44 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Western end of Verde Island Passage, east of Lubang Islands: sta 5119; 13°45′05″N, 120°30′30″E; 720 m; green mud, sand; 6.5°C; 21 Jan 1908(1324–1356); 12′Tanner beam trawl: 1 [30.0]. Lagonoy Gulf, east of southern Luzon: sta 5447; 13°28′N, 123°46′18″E; 567 m; green mud; 7.4°C; 4 Jun 1909 (0614–0635); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [42.8]; sta 5463; 13°40′57″N, 123°57′45″E; [549 m]; [sand]; 16 Jun 1909 (1028–1044); 12′Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 7 [14.1–40.8] 10 [11.9–36.0], 2 ovig [28.2, 36.0]. North of Samar: sta 5445; 12°44′42″N, 124°59′50″E; 700 m; green mud, sand; 6.8°C; 3 Jun 1909 (1201–1238); 12′Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [30.0]. Northern Palawan Passage: sta 5348; 10°57′45″N, 118°38′15″E; 686 m; coral, sand; 13.6°C; 27 Dec 1908 (1009–1029); 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [38.5] 1 [24.2].

INDONESIA. Celebes Sea off Sabah (North Borneo): sta 5586; 4°06′50″N, 118°47′20″E; 635 m; gray mud; 6.7°C; 28 Sep 1909 (1144–1217); 9′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [25.3] 3 [26.8–30.9]; sta 5587; 4°10′35″N, 118°-37′12″E; 759 m; green mud, sand, coral; 5.7°C; 28 Sep 1909 (1511–1532); 9′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [30.1] 1 ovig [40.0]. Makassar Strait west of Celebes: sta 5667; 2°56′00″S, 118°47′30″E; 671 m; gray sand, mud; 5.4°C; 29 Dec 1909 (0955–1025); 12’ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [27.9] 1 ovig [35.0]. Teluk Bone, Celebes: 5656; 3°17′40″S, 120°36′45″E; 885 m; gray mud; 5.1°C; 19 Dec 1909 (0837–1842); 12’ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [30.0]. South of Pulau Muna, Celebes: sta 5646; 5°31′30″S, 122°-22′40″E; 834 m; green mud; 16 Dec 1909 (1210–1230); 12’ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [38.9] 1 ovig [36.1]. Selat Butung, Celebes: sta 5648; 5°35′00″S, 122°20′00″E; 1023 m; green mud; 4.0°C; 16 Dec 1909 (1629–1652); 12’ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [43.5]. West of Halmahera: sta 5618; 0°37′00″N, 127°15′00″E; 763 m; gray mud; 27 Nov 1909 (1444–1504); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [34.8]; sta 5619; 0°35′00″N, 127°14′40″E; 795 m; fine gray sand, mud; 27 Nov 1909(1612–1641); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 5 [27.8–32.0]; sta 5620; 0°21′30″N, 127°16′45″E; 655 m; gray mud; 28 Nov 1909 (0624–0645); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 6 [21.1–35.0], 3 ovig [33.7–35.0].

RANGE.—This species seems to have been recorded from only three major parts of the world: the southwestern Indian Ocean off Zululand (Kensley, 1977:31), the Philippines and Indonesia, and the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. There is little doubt that it is a benthic species living on continental and, especially, insular slopes from 365–1570 meters.

*3.Acanthephyra carinata Bate, 1888

Acanthephyra carinata Bate, 1888:748, pl. 126: fig. 2 [type-locality: Estrecho Sarmiento, southern Chile; 51°27′30″S, 74°03′00″W: 732 m].

Acanthephyra approxima Bate, 1888:755, pl. 126: fig. 8 [type-locality: same as above].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument firm; rostrum variable in length, slightly more than as long as carapace and slightly overreaching antennal scale in adults, ventral margin convex, armed with 1 tooth; carapace with dorsal margin sharply carinate throughout most of length, nearly straight, not interrupted by cervical groove, branchiostegal spine buttressed by variably sharp carina extending posteriorly little more than length of spine, suprabranchial ridge discernible but not prominent, 2 submarginal carinae below and extending somewhat beyond branchial region longitudinally; abdomen dorsally carinate on posterior of 1st somite and on all 5 posterior somites, 4 posterior somites with posteromesial tooth, 3rd somite with posterior margin very little excavate either side of median tooth, 6th somite about 1 times as long as posterior height; telson with strong rounded ridge on anterior of dorsal midline, with 3 barely visible pairs of dorsolateral spines; eyestalk with subrectangular prominence on mesial margin, but no true papilla; maximum carapace length 42 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Batangas Bay, southern Luzon: sta 5289; 13°41′50″N, 120°58′30″E; 315 m; broken shells, sand; 22 Jul 1908 (0925–0945); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 juv [14.3]. Verde Island Passage: sta 5296; 13°40′09″N, 120°57′45″E; [384 m]; [mud, sand]; 24 Jul 1908 (1247–1307); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 2 [15.2, 34.5] 1 juv [13.8]. Tayabas Bay, southern Luzon: sta 5373; 13°40′N, 121°31′10″E; 618 m; soft mud; 11.0°C; 2 Mar 1909 (1015–1035); 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [31.2]. Tablas Strait, east of Mindoro: sta 5124; 12°52′N, 121°48′30″E; 514 m; soft green mud; 2 Feb 1908 (1738–1755); 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 2 [34.0, 38.4]. Masbate Pass, east of Masbate: sta 5215; 12°31′30″N, 123°35′24″E; 1104 m; green mud; 10.3°C; 21 Apr 1908 (1027–1132); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [37.9]. Sogod Bay, southern Leyte: sta 5202; 10°12′N, 125°04′10″E; 918 m; gray mud; 10 Apr 1908 (1107–1127); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, 3 mud bags: 1 [31.0] 1 juv [12.5]; sta 5488; 10°N, 125°06′45″E; 1412 m; green mud; 11.3°C; 31 Jul 1909 (1652–1738); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, 1 [39.8]. Between Bohol and Siquijor Island: sta 5527; 9°22′30″N, 123°42′40″E; 719 m; globigerina ooze; 11.8°C; 11 Aug 1909 (1338–1358); 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 3[33.8–39.0]. North of Siquijor Island: sta 5528; 9°24′45″N, 123°39′15″E; 803 m; globigerina ooze; 11.8°C; 11 Aug 1909 (1542–1611); 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 1 [35.9] 1 ovig [32.9]; sta 5529; 9°23′45″N, 123°39′30″E; 807 m; gray mud, globigerina; 11.7°C; 11 Aug 1909 (1644–1719); 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 3 [20.0–33.0]. Western Mindanao Sea: sta 5524; 8°58′07″N, 123°32′45″E; 658 m; sand; 11.6°C; 10 Aug 1909 (1306–1351); 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 1 [36.2]. Iligan Bay, Northern Mindanao: sta 5511; 8°15′20″N, 123°57′E; 750 m; gray mud, sand; 11.7°C; 7 Aug 1909 (1218–1238); 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 2 ovig [37.0, 38.8]. Cagayan Islands, Sulu Sea: sta 5423; 9°38′30″N, 121°11′E; 929 m; gray mud, coral sand; 9.9°C; 31 Mar 1909 (0955–1022); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [19.3].

INDONESIA. Teluk Tomini, Celebes: sta 5603; 0°24′00″N, 123°03′45″E; 1469 m; sand; 15 Nov 1909(1312–1437); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [40.7].

RANGE.—Except for the holotypes of A. carinata and A. approxima, which were taken at the same Challenger station near the Pacific end of the Straits of Magellan, this species is known only from the Philippines and Indonesia, including the female with a carapace length of 29 mm taken west of Sumatra by the Valdivia (Balss, 1925:257). It is evidently a benthic species living in depths of 315–1469 meters.

MATERIAL.—INDONESIA. Teluk Bone, Celebes: sta 5660; 5°36′30″S, 120°49′00″E; 1266 m; gray mud, sand; 4.0°C; 20 Dec 1909 (0914–1005); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1[9.9].

RANGE.—Off eastern Africa, Maldive Islands, Indonesia, and tropical American Pacific; mesopelagic.

*5. Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason, 1891

Acanthephyra acutifrons Bate, 1888:749 [in part].

Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891:195 [type-locality: the type-series came from two localities in the Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal off Andhra Pradesh; 16°55′41″N, 83°21′18″E, 1536 m; and Laccadive Sea off Elicalpeni Bank; 11°12′47″N, 74°25′30″E, 1829 m].—Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1892:364, fig. 5.

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument reasonably firm; rostrum less than as long as carapace, not nearly reaching end of antennal scale, ventral margin oblique, armed with 1 tooth; carapace rounded, not carinate, on posterior of dorsal midline, nearly straight, with hardly perceptibe depression at cervical groove, branchiostegal spine buttressed by carina extending posteriorly to branchial region, suprabranchial ridge fairly distinct; abdomen dorsally carinate on all but anterior somite, 4 posterior somites with posteromesial tooth, 3rd somite with posterior margin slightly excavate either side of median tooth, 6th somite about 2 times as long as posterior height; telson slightly sulcate in anterior of dorsal midline, with 6 or more pairs of dorsolateral spines; eyestalk with acute papilla arising from mesial margin at juncture with cornea and directed distad but not nearly reaching level of distal surface of cornea; maximum carapace length about 20 mm.

MATERIALS.—PHILIPPINES. South China Sea off western Luzon: sta 5437; 15°45′54″N, 119°42′45″E; 8 May 1909 (1207–1256); 3-meter open net towed horizontally at 823 m: ly [7.8]. Lagonoy Gulf, east of southern Luzon: sta 5471; 13°34′57″N, 123°47′06″E; 1039 m; 19 Jun 1909 (0917–0946); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: l [19.8] l [16.3]. Northern Palawan Passage: 10°46′40″N, 118°29′E; 942 m; gray mud; 27 Dec 1908 (1610–1714); 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 1 [11.0].

INDONESIA. Teluk Tomini, Celebes: sta 5607; 0°04′00″S, 121°36′00″E; 1392 m; fine sand; 18 Nov 1909 (0920–0940); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [19.0]. Off southern Buru: sta 5638; 3°47′15″S, 126°23′40″E; 946 m; fine gray sand; 10 Dec 1909 (1400–1436); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [13.3].

RANGE.—Acanthephyra curtirostris has been recorded from lower latitudes around the world to nearly 51°N in the eastern Pacific (Butler, 1980:62), but the recognition by Hanamura (1984) of a distinct species (A. brevicarinata) in the eastern tropical Pacific and that author's observation (1984:69) that specimens recorded from the northeastern Pacific are larger and produce more than three times as many eggs than specimens of A. curtirostris from Hawaii may suggest the existence of a species complex, similar to the one centered about A. purpurea, of which typical A. curtirostris and A. media may represent the extremes. It is not clear from Hanamura (1983:53, 54, 74) whether he believes that the true A. curtirostris, as well as A. brevicarinata, occurs in the far eastern Pacific, but it would seem that he does. Although only one of the Albatross specimens was taken in a midwater net, the species is almost certainly mesopelagic, probably in depths of 190 to more than 1500 m; Krygier and Pearcy (1981:81) noted that there was no indication of diurnal vertical migration in the northeastern Pacific population.

*6. Acanthephyra eximia Smith, 1884

[?] Alpheus Pelagicus Risso, 1816:91, pl. 2: fig. 7 [type-locality: “sur le grand banc de calcaire compacte, qui traverse, de l'est à l'ouest, la mer de Nice…dans les grande profondeur de notre mer.”].

Acanthephyra eximea Smith, 1884:376 (eximia on p. 377) [type-locality: off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 35°09′50″N, 74°57′40″W; 1716 m]; 1886b:63[667], pl. 14: fig. 1.

Acanthephyra angusta Bate, 1888:737, pl. 124: fig. 6 [type-locality: off Kepulauan Banda, Indonesia; 4°34′00″S, 129°57′30″E; 366 m].

Acanthephyra edwardsii Bate, 1888:747, pl. 126: fig. 1 [type-locality: off Aracaju, Brazil; 10°46′S, 36°08′W; 1408 m].

Acanthephyra brachytelsonis Bate, 1888:753, pl. 126: fig. 7 [type-locality: the Challenger material was taken at eight widely separate stations: near Kepulauan Talaud, 914 m, and off Kepulauan Banda, 366 m, Indonesia; Sagami Nada, Japan, 631 and 1417 m; off the Kermadec Islands, South Pacific, 951, 1097, and 1152 m; and the western South Atlantic east of Península Valdís, Argentina, 3731 m].

[?] Acanthephyra pulchra A. Milne-Edwards, 1890:163 [type-locality: off Monaco (1650 m)].

Acanthephyra eximia.—Crosnier and Forest, 1973:34, fig. 7c–d.

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument reasonably firm; rostrum very variable in length, in adults usually about as long as carapace and often overreaching antennal scale, ventral margin convex, armed with 1–5, usually 3, teeth; carapace with dorsal margin sharply carinate throughout most of length, usually distinctly sinuous in lateral aspect, branchiostegal spine without distinct buttress, suprabranchial ridge distinct; abdomen dorsally carinate on all but anterior somite, 4 posterior somites with posteromesial tooth, 3rd somite with posterior margin slightly excavate either side of median tooth, 6th somite at least 1 times as long as posterior height; telson with moderate ridge in anterior of dorsal midline, with 3–5, usually 4, pairs of dorsolateral spines; eyestalk with blunt projection arising from mesial margin; maximum carapace length 41 mm.

MATERIAL.—SOUTH CHINA SEA. Southeast of Hong Kong: sta 5299; 20°05′N, 116°05′E; 958 m; gray mud, sand; 5.8°C; 8 Aug 1908 (0853–0915); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 2 [17.0, 21.8].

PHILIPPINES. Off western Lubang Islands: sta 5274; 13°57′30″N, 120°03′25″E; 960 m; gray mud, sand; 5.2°C; 16 Jul 1908 (0959–1029); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [25.0]. Western end of Verde Island Passage, east of Lubang Islands: sta 5119; 13°45′05″N, 120°30′30″E; 720 m; green mud, sand; 6.5°C; 21 Jan 1908 (1324–1356); 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 1 [20.0]. Western end of Verde Island Passage, north of Mindoro; sta 5286; 13°38′15″N, 120°34′20″E, 823 m; gray sand, mud; 5.8°C; 20 Jul 1908 (1231–1309); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 2 [21.2, 28.0]. Verde Island Passage, north of Mindoro: sta 5114; 13°36′11″N, 120°45′26″E; 622 m; fine sand; 20 Jan 1908 (1049–1117); 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [27.0]; sta 5115; 13°37′11″N, 120°43′40″E; 622 m; 20 Jan 1908 (1341–1401); 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [27.0].

Lagonoy Gulf, east of southern Luzon: sta 5465; 13°39′42″N, 123°40′39″E; [914 m]; gray mud; 17 Jun 1909 (0839–0859); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [26.8] 2 [28.1, 28.4]; sta 5466; 13°38′36″N, 123°41′45″E; [988 m]; gray mud; 17 Jun 1909 (1040–1102); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 3 [21.7–23.1]; sta 5467; 13°35′27″N, 123°37′18″E; [878 m]; gray mud; 18 Jun 1909 (0752–0834); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 6 [12.3–27.5] 3 [13.1–22.2]; sta 5468; 13°35′39″N, 123°40′28″E; 1041 m; green mud; 18 Jan 1909 (0958–1031); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 4 [16.0–23]; sta 5469; 13°36′48″N, 123°38′24″E; [914 m]; green mud; 18 Jun 1909 (1329–1411); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 5 [13.9–23.8] 4 [17.3–24.9]; sta 5470; 13°37′30″N, 123°41′09″E; [1024 m]; [mud]; 18 Jun 1909 (1526–1600); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [23.4]. Off Arangasa Islands, eastern Mindanao: sta 5236; 8°50′45″N, 126°26′52″E; 903 m; fine gray sand; 5.1°C; 11 May 1908 (1027–1102); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, 3 mud bags: 1 [22.9].

INDONESIA. Celebes Sea off Sabah (North Borneo): sta 5585; 4°07′00″N, 118°49′54″E; 871 m; gray mud; 5.1°C; 28 Sep 1909 (0931–0951); 9′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 [16.8]. Makassar Strait west of Celebes: sta 5666; 2°54′30″S, 118°47′00″E; 497 m; green mud; 8.6°C; 29 Dec 1909 (0839–0918); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [22.0] 1 [20.2]; sta 5667; 2°56′00″S, 118°47′30″E; 671 m; gray sand, mud; 5.4°C; 29 Dec 1909 (0955–1025); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 11 [17.0–24.0] 4 [15.8–23.9], 1 ovig [23.9], 3 juv [8.6–11.2]. Makassar Strait off southwestern Celebes: sta 5664; 4°43′22″S, 118°53′18″E; 732 m; hard bottom; 6.3°C; 28 Dec 1909 (0943–1004); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [21.6]. Teluk Bone, Celebes: sta 5651; 4°43′50″S, 121°23′24″E; 1280 m; green mud; 3.7°C; 17 Dec 1909 (1432–1452); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 juv [?]; sta 5655; 3°34′10″S, 120°50′30″E; 1112 m; gray mud, fine sand; 4.0°C; 18 Dec 1909 (1100–1120); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [25.0] 2 juv [8.2, 9.2]; sta 5656; 3°17′40″S, 120°36′45″E; 885 m; gray mud; 5.1°C; 19 Dec 1909 (0837–0842); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 ovig [23.0]; sta 5657; 3°19′40″S, 120°36′30″E; 900 m; gray mud; 5.2°C; 19 Dec 1909 (1108–1128); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [22.9]; sta 5658; 3°32′40″S, 120°31′30″E; 933 m; gray mud; 5.1°C; 18 Dec 1909 (1423–1443); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 2 [15.9, 23.9].

Selat Butung, Celebes: sta 5646; 5°31′30″S, 122°22′40″E; 834 m; green mud; 16 Dec 1909 (1210–1230); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [15.7] 2 [14.2, 19.8] 4 juv [10.5–13.3]; sta 5647; 5°34′00″S, 122°18′15″E; 950 m; green mud; 16 Dec 1909 (1444–1504); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 3y [12.9–15.0]. Teluk Tomini, Celebes: sta 5603; 0°24′00″N, 123°03′45″E; 1469 m; sand; 15 Nov 1909 (1312–1437); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [39.2] 1 [21.0]; sta 5605; 0°21′33″N, 121°34′10″E; 1183 m; 16 Nov 1909 (1025–1046); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [23.8]; sta 5607; 0°04′00″S, 121°36′00″E; 1392 m; fine sand; 18 Nov 1909 (0920–0940); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1y [13.6]; sta 5610; 0°36′00″S, 122°01′00″E; 1240 m; gray mud; 19 Nov 1909 (1650–1717); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 2 [19.0, 20.0] 4 [15.1–25.2]. Molucca Sea: sta 5601; 1°13′10″N, 125°17′05″E; 1399 m; sand, globigerina, pteropods; 13 Nov 1909 (1418–1439); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 2 [13.9, 20.1] 1 juv [9.1]. West of Halmahera: sta 5618; 0°37′00″N, 127°15′00″E; 763 m; gray mud; 27 Nov 1909 (1444–1504); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [18.9]; sta 5619; 0°35′00″N, 127°14′40″E; 795 m; fine gray sand, mud; 27 Nov 1909 (1612–1641); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 5 [14.2–25.2] 4 [18.4–27.2], 2 ovig [25.8, 27.2].

Southern end of Selat Patinti, southern Halmahera: sta 5630; 0°56′30″S, 128°05′00″E; 1041 m; coral sand, mud; 2 Dec 1909 (0936–1000); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 2 [20.8, 29.8], 1 ovig [29.8]; sta 5631; 1°53′30″S, 127°39′00″E; 732 m; coral rock, soapstone; 3 Dec 1909 (0956–1001); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1y [12.9]. Ceram Sea south of Pulau Obi: sta 5635; 1°53′30″S, 127°39′00″E; 732 m; coral rock, soapstone; 3 Dec 1909 (0956–1001); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 [22.6]. Off southern Buru: sta 5638; 3°47′15″S, 126°23′40″E; 946 m; fine gray sand; 10 Dec 1909 (1400–1436); 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 2 [13.0, 39.3].

RANGE.—This species has been recorded off most tropical and temperate coasts of the world. It is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region from South and eastern Africa to Japan, Hawaii, and the Erben Seamount about 650 miles off California. Although juvenile specimens have been taken in midwater nets on a few occasions, adults probably live on or near the bottom in depths of 200 to more than 4700 m.

Latitude 40°27'N 62°02'W

Known from seamounts and knolls