Common Starling

Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758

Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor cc-by-nc-sa-3.0

Sturnus vulgaris (Common Starling) is a species of birds in the family starlings. They are native to Asia, Europe, Ghana, the Palearctic, Northern Africa, and Ethiopia. They visit flowers of Pohutukawa. They are diurnal omnivores. They have parental care (paternal care, female provides care, and occasionally breeds cooperatively). They rely on flight to move around.

URI: http://www.geonames.org/6255147

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URI: http://www.geonames.org/6255148

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URI: http://www.geonames.org/2300660

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URI: https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106447
Definition: largest of the eight ecozones constituting the Earth's surface
Attribution: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palearctic.png

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URI: http://www.geonames.org/7729887

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URI: http://www.geonames.org/337996

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URI: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q164509
Definition: organism consuming a variety of foods, usually including both plants and animals

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URI: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q906470
Definition: animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of inactivity at night.

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/paternalCare

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/parentalCareFemale
Definition: the female feeds and nurtures offspring
Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/occasionalCooperativeBreeding
Definition: The species has been known to breed cooperatively, with nonparents providing care.
Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109

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URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000367
Definition: self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement

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EOL has data for 62 attributes, including:

body shape
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/BodyShape
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bilaterally symmetric
- URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001324
- Definition: being symmetric about a plane running from frontal end to caudal end (head to tail), and having nearly identical right and left halves
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diet includes
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/Diet
- Definition: Information about the items eaten by this organism.
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seeds
- URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009010
- Definition: multi-tissue plant structures that develop from a plant ovule and have as parts a plant embryo enclosed in a seed coat.
- Comment: Ontology Description: http://www.plantontology.org/ Ontology Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/po.owl
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foraging habitat
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/ForagingHabitat
- Definition: Primary habitat where the species forages during the breeding season.
- Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109
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terrestrial
- URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000446
- Definition: A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm.
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geographic distribution includes
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/Present
- Definition: This organism is known to be present in this location or region. Not exclusive; other regions may also be reported.
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Vatican City
- URI: http://www.geonames.org/3164670
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initial mortality rate
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/InitialMortalityRate
- Definition: The initial mortality rate (IMR) represents the mortality rate independently of the ageing process. Though there are different methods, the IMR is typically estimated from the mortality rate prior to its exponential increase with age, which can be obtained from the mortality curve (by looking at the baseline mortality prior to its exponential increase) or, for mice, by using t = 0.25 in the Gompertz equation.
- Attribution: From senescence.info. Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR). Estimating the Rate of Ageing. http://genomics.senescence.info/software/demographic.html
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0.5 /year
litters per year
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/LittersPerYear
- Definition: Number of litters per female per year
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2 /year
mating system
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/MatingSystem
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monogamous
- URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECOCORE_00000063
- Definition: One male and one female have an exclusive mating relationship
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mortality rate doubling time
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/MortalityRateDoublingTime
- Definition: The mortality rate doubling time (MRDT) is considered to be a measure of the rate of ageing. It is estimated from the slope of the Gompertz curve by: MRDT = 0.693/G where G is the exponential (Gompertz) mortality rate coefficient.
- Attribution: From senescence.info. Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR). Estimating the Rate of Ageing. http://genomics.senescence.info/software/demographic.html
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8 years
native range includes
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/NativeRange
- Definition: Lists jurisdictions in which a given organism is a member of the undisturbed fauna or flora.
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Ethiopia
- URI: http://www.geonames.org/337996
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prenatal development duration
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/PrenatalDevelopmentDuration
- Definition: The duration of the development from fertilized, deposited or implanted egg to hatching/birth. Corresponds to egg incubation duration in oviparous animals and to gestation period duration in viviparous animals.
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14 days
social system
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/SocialSystem
- Definition: Description of the relationships among individuals within a population of organisms, including reproductive relationships (mating system), relationships within each sex, adult – young interactions, helpers and cooperation (group living).
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group living
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/socialGroupLiving
- Definition: where individuals of the same species (conspecifics), maintain spatial proximity with one another over time with mechanisms of social attraction
- Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_living
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type specimen repository
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/TypeSpecimenRepository
- Definition: The institution that holds a type specimen for a given species. The recommended best practice is to use the identifier in a collections registry such as the Biodiversity Collections Index (http://www.biodiversitycollectionsindex.org/).
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NHMUK

Known occurrences, collected specimens and observations of Common Starling from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility

GBIF provides free and open access to biodiversity data. View this species on GBIF

Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor cc-by-nc-sa-3.0

Common Starling includes 13 children: