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Brief Summary

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Culcita schmideliana, common name cushion star, is a species of pin-cushion star that has a variety of colors in different patches. It doesn't have arms and lives in tropical oceans.

Culcita schmideliana

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Culcita schmideliana, commonly known as the spiny cushion star, is a species of pin-cushion star. It has a variety of base colors and often patches of a different color. It is pentagonal in shape and lives in the tropical Indo-Pacific. This species is rarely kept by hobby aquarists.

Description

Culcita schmideliana is a roughly pentagonal starfish with a leathery surface and an inflated appearance. It is subglobose in shape when fully adult, with a very convex aboral (upper) surface and flat base. The aboral surface is scattered with small conical spines (that supposedly never enter the papular zones[2]) and the oral (under) surface has small granulations and is clad in large conical tubercles, those nearest the ambulacral grooves and the margin being ovate in cross section and the largest.[3] This starfish varies in color but often has a greyish background with small pink patches mostly adjacent to black tubercles. The madreporite is usually an orangeish color. This starfish often has several commensal animals in its body cavity or on its surface. A carapid fish is usually to be found living in its stomach and sometimes the polychaete worm Gastrolepidia clavigera crawls over its surface. There is also often a tiny commensal shrimp Periclimenes soror hiding almost invisibly on its aboral surface.[1]

Distribution and habitat

Culcita schmideliana is native to the tropical western Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from Madagascar, the East African coast and the Red Sea to Aldabra, Chagos, Philippines Islands, the Seychelles, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Australia. It is found in lagoon areas and on inner reef flats with seagrasses and among algae at depths down to about 92 m (302 ft).[1][4]

Behaviour

Culcita schmideliana feeds mainly on the epibenthic film of organic detritus and micro-organisms growing on algae and sea grasses. It also browses on the sponge Gellius cymiformis, which is usually associated with the symbiotic alga Ceratodictyon spongiosum, and the living tissues and polyps of the stony corals Galaxea and Goniopora and the soft coral Xenia. In grazing in this way on corals it resembles the better known cushion star Culcita novaeguineae.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d WoRMS (2013). "Culcita schmideliana (Retzius, 1805)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
  2. ^ Clark, Ailsa M.; Rowe, Franck W. (1971). Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). OCLC 717759019.
  3. ^ Gray, John Edward (1866). Synopsis of the Species of Starfish in the British Museum. John Van Voorst. p. 5. body supported by roundish or elongated pieces, covered with a smooth or granular skin, pierced with minute pores between the.
  4. ^ a b Thomassin, B. A. (1976). "Feeding behaviour of the felt-, sponge-, and coral-feeder sea stars, mainly Culcita schmideliana". Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen. 28 (1): 51–65. Bibcode:1976HWM....28...51T. doi:10.1007/BF01610796.
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Culcita schmideliana: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Culcita schmideliana, commonly known as the spiny cushion star, is a species of pin-cushion star. It has a variety of base colors and often patches of a different color. It is pentagonal in shape and lives in the tropical Indo-Pacific. This species is rarely kept by hobby aquarists.

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Culcita schmideliana ( French )

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Étoile coussin

L'étoile-coussin (Culcita schmideliana) est une espèce d'étoiles de mer tropicale de la famille des Oreasteridae. Elle se rencontre dans l'océan Indien.

Description

Ce sont des étoiles très particulières, en forme de coussin rebondi et pentagonal, les cinq bras atrophiés n'étant que les angles obtus (et parfois arrondis ou tronqués).

Le corps peut mesurer jusqu'à 30 cm de diamètre, et sa coloration peut être très variable : rouge, orange, rose, jaune, marron, vert, gris, blanchâtre, violet... Les papules respiratoires forment souvent un ensemble de taches d'une couleur légèrement différente (et pouvant disparaître par rétractation). Sa peau est très rugueuse au toucher, et présente en général des piquants coniques durs et plus ou moins épars[2], situés entre les zones papulaires (contrairement à C. novaeguineae)[3].

Cette espèce est très proche de sa cousine pacifique Culcita novaeguineae, dont elle est l'équivalent pour l'Océan indien, tout comme Culcita coriacea pour la Mer d'Oman. Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec l'autre étoile-coussin Halityle regularis, plus géométrique[4].

Les juvéniles de ces espèces sont pentagonaux et aplatis, donc très différents morphologiquement des adultes : cela les a longtemps fait prendre pour des espèces de la famille des Goniasteridae (ils furent appelés, entre autres, Goniodiscus sebae) tels que les Peltaster, avec lesquels certains plongeurs continuent de les confondre[5].

Habitat et répartition

On trouve cette étoile dans les récifs coralliens de l'océan Indien, de la surface à une trentaine de mètres de profondeur[2].

Écologie et comportement

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L'estomac dévaginé d'une étoile-coussin. Cette capacité lui permet de digérer des aliments plus gros que sa bouche.

La reproduction est gonochorique, et mâles et femelles relâchent leurs gamètes en même temps grâce à un signal phéromonal, en pleine eau, où œufs puis larves vont évoluer parmi le plancton pendant quelques semaines avant de rejoindre le sol.

Cette étoile se nourrit en dévaginant son estomac par sa bouche. Son régime est très omnivore, et si dans les endroits pauvres elle peut se sustenter du biofilm bactérien qui recouvre le sédiment, elle est également capable de se nourrir des polypes du corail, mais aussi de cadavres, et est même capable de digérer de manière externe des animaux vivants moins rapides qu'elle, tels que des oursins.

Cette étoile peut vivre en symbiose avec certains invertébrés, notamment des crevettes nettoyeuses spécialisées dans les étoiles de mer comme Periclimenes soror ou Zenopontonia noverca[6].

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

  1. Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Vandepitte, L., DeWalt, R. E., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., Orrell, T., Keping, M., Miller, J., Aalbu, R., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E., Aedo, C., Aescht, E., Akkari, N., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Alvarez, B., Alvarez, F., Anderson, G., et al. (2021). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2021-10-18). Catalogue of Life. https://doi.org/10.48580/d4t2, consulté le 22 février 2014
  2. a et b Joe DE VROE, « Culcita schmideliana », sur SousLesMers (consulté le 22 février 2014).
  3. (en) A.M. Clark et F.W.E. Rowe, Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms, Londres, Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1971, 238 p..
  4. (en) Christopher Mah, « A simple guide to Tropical "cushion stars" : Halityle vs. Culcita spp. », sur Echinoblog, 17 décembre 2014.
  5. (en) Christopher Mah, « The Cushion star Culcita novaeguineae : An exercise in growth-related taxonomic confusion », sur Echinoblog, 24 février 2009.
  6. DORIS, consulté le 29 juillet 2014
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Culcita schmideliana: Brief Summary ( French )

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Étoile coussin

L'étoile-coussin (Culcita schmideliana) est une espèce d'étoiles de mer tropicale de la famille des Oreasteridae. Elle se rencontre dans l'océan Indien.

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Culcita schmideliana ( Latin )

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Culcita schmideliana (species ab Andrea Ioanne Retzio anno 1805 descripta) est species stellae marinae familiae oreasteridarum, sed in aspectu similiter cervical.

Echinodermata Haec stipula ad Echinodermatum spectat. Amplifica, si potes!
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Culcita schmideliana ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Culcita schmideliana is een zeester uit de familie Oreasteridae.

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1805 gepubliceerd door Anders Jahan Retzius.

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Geplaatst op:
15-12-2011
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Culcita schmideliana ( Portuguese )

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Culcita schmideliana, vulgarmente conhecida como estrela do mar espinhosa, é uma espécie de estrela do mar com espinhos. Possui uma variedade de cores de base e, muitas vezes, manchas de uma cor diferente. Tem forma pentagonal e vive no tropical Indo-Pacífico. Esta espécie é por vezes mantida por aquaristas amadores.

Descrição

Culcita schmideliana é uma estrela do mar aproximadamente pentagonal, com superfície de couro e aparência inflada. Sua forma é subglobosa quando totalmente adulto, com uma superfície (superior) aboral muito convexa e uma base plana. A superfície do aborto é espalhada por pequenos espinhos cônicos (que supostamente nunca entram nas zonas papulares[2]) e a superfície oral (sub) tem pequenas granulações e é revestida em grandes tubérculos cônicos, os mais próximos dos sulcos ambulacrais e a margem sendo ovalada seção transversal e a maior.[3] Esta estrela do mar varia de cor, mas geralmente possui um fundo acinzentado com pequenas manchas cor de rosa, principalmente adjacentes aos tubérculos pretos. O madreporite é geralmente de cor alaranjada. Esta estrela do mar geralmente possui vários animais comensais na cavidade do corpo ou na superfície. Um peixe-pérola geralmente é encontrado no estômago e, às vezes, o verme poliqueta Gastrolepidia clavigera rasteja sobre sua superfície. Muitas vezes, também existe um minúsculo camarão comensal Periclimenes soror escondido quase invisivelmente em sua superfície do aborto.[1]

Distribuição e habitat

Culcita schmideliana é nativa do Indo-Pacífico ocidental tropical. Seu alcance se estende de Madagascar, a costa leste da África e o Mar Vermelho a Aldabra, Chagos, Filipinas, Ilhas Seychelles, Maldivas, Sri Lanka e Austrália. Pode ser encontrada em áreas de lagunas e em recifes internos com ervas marinhas e entre algas em profundidades de até 92 metros (302 pé).[1][4]

Comportamento

Culcita schmideliana se alimenta principalmente do filme epibenthic de detritos orgânicos e microrganismos que crescem em algas e ervas marinhas. Também navega na esponja Gellius cymiformis, geralmente associada à alga simbiótica Ceratodictyon spongiosum, e nos tecidos e pólipos vivos dos corais rochosos Galaxea e Goniopora e do coral mole Xenia. Ao pastar dessa maneira em corais, assemelha-se à estrela de almofada mais conhecida, Culcita novaeguineae.[4]

Referências

  1. a b c d WoRMS (2013). «Culcita schmideliana (Retzius, 1805)». World Register of Marine Species. Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2014
  2. Clark, Ailsa M. & Rowe, Franck W. (1971). Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). [S.l.: s.n.] OCLC 717759019 !CS1 manut: Usa parâmetro autores (link)
  3. Gray, John Edward (1866). Synopsis of the Species of Starfish in the British Museum. John Van Voorst. [S.l.: s.n.]
  4. a b Thomassin, B. A. (1976). «Feeding behaviour of the felt-, sponge-, and coral-feeder sea stars, mainly Culcita schmideliana». Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen. 28: 51–65. doi:10.1007/BF01610796
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Culcita schmideliana: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Culcita schmideliana, vulgarmente conhecida como estrela do mar espinhosa, é uma espécie de estrela do mar com espinhos. Possui uma variedade de cores de base e, muitas vezes, manchas de uma cor diferente. Tem forma pentagonal e vive no tropical Indo-Pacífico. Esta espécie é por vezes mantida por aquaristas amadores.

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Colour in life: dark grey background with small irregular pink patches mostly adjacent to black tubercles, madreporite some shade of orange being the same colour as the intertubercular areas at the arm tips. Often with carapid fish commensal in stomach, sometimes with polynoid Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, 1861 and usually with commensal shrimp Periclimenes soror Nobili (Palamonidae) (Humphreys, 1981). Habitat: in algae (Tortonese, 1951). Also distributed in SE Arabia, Maldive area and Ceylon (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & Gates, 1995); Lakshadweep (India)(Sastry, 1991). General distribution: tropical Indo-Pacific in Kalk (1958); western and central Indian Ocean, including Ceylon (Tortonese, 1980); tropical, Indian Ocean, depth range 0-92 m. (Rowe & Gates, 1995); East coast of Africa to Lakshadweep (India)(Sastry, 1991). Ecology: benthic, inshore, continental shelf (Rowe & Gates, 1995).

Reference

4. Paxton, J.R. and Eschmeyer, W.N. (1994) Encylopedia of Fishes. UNSW Press, Sydney.

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