Cyathea fulva (Mart. & Gal.) Fée

Cyathea onusta Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4 : 950. 1904
Cyathea membranulosa Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 271. 1907.
Caudex erect, 2-3 meters high, very stout, the summit somewhat scaly and rough with the spiny stipe-bases of previous seasons, without definite scars ; fronds ample, tripinnatifid, spreading; stipe very stout, 50-60 cm. long, deeply and irregularly canaliculate, darkbrownish, dull crispatefurfuraceous, thickly armed with stout conical spines 4-8 mm. long (borne singly or in pairs), tuberculate with age, densely paleaceous on the inner side, the scales 2-3 cm. long, lanceolate, attenuate-subulate, dark lustrous brown with lighter margins; rachis stout, light yellowish-brown to brownish-castaneous, glabrescent, minutely papillose, muricate or slightly spiny toward the base ; pinnae dark-green above, blackish upon drying, bright clear green below, mostly subopposite, strictly sessile, 55-70 cm. long, 15-20 cm. broad, ovate-oblong, not narrowed at the base, rather short-acuminate, the secondary rachis light-brownish, sulcate, minutely apiculate-papillose, below minutely puberulo-furfuraceous, glabrescent, above brownish-pilose ; pinnules 25-28 pairs, approximate or mostly imbricate, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 9-12 cm. long, up to 2.5 cm. broad at the base, cut nearly to the costa (in the fertile pinnules rather more deeply), the costa brownish-pilose above, below sparingly puberulo-squamose and with a few broad delicate whitish caducous scales; segments 18-20 pairs, slightly falcate, linear-oblong, obtuse, up to 1.3 cm. long and 4 mm. broad, slightly dilatate, the lowermost a little apart, all connected by a narrow wing, the margins subentire or obscurely crenate, reflexed, ciliate, the costules with a few minute pallid scales like those of the costa ; veins 10-12 pairs, mostly once-forked close to the costule, mainly soriferous, bearing a few short scattered hairs, a few also between the veins; sori 8-10 pairs, large, globose, greenish-yellow, close to the costule ; indusium delicately membranous, completely investing the sporangia, diaphanous, rupturing irregularly, the lacerate fragments mixed among the crowded sori, at length mostly disappearing; receptacles large, somewhat elevated, appearing more so from the thick rugose character of the leaf-tissue beneath.
Type locality : Costa Rica.
Distribution : Interior mountain re^on of Costa Rica, up to nearly 2000 meters elevation, upon partially open slopes.

Cyathea conspersa Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5 : 260. 1905
Cyathea furfuracea Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4 : 950. 1904. Not C.furfuracea Baker, 1874. Cyathea Underwoodii Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6 : 183. 1906. 1 Cyathea caduca Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 271, 1907.
Caudex erect, slender, unarmed, 4-6 meters high, 5-7 cm. in diameter, slightly paleaceous at the top, the stipe-scars large, oval, about 5 cm. long, nearly 3 cm. broad (maximum), approximate, 6-ranked; fronds ample, widespreading, sometimes wholly deciduous seasonally ; stipe 30-40 cm. long, stout, strongly arcuate at the base, dull dark-brownish, irregularly sulcate, armed with short (2 mm. or less) straight or retrorse conical spines and clothed with long-attenuate deltoid-lanceolate shining dark-brown deciduous fimbriate scales, these subpersistent on the upper surface ; lamina ample, deeply tripinnatifid, broadly ovate, short-acuminate, with about 25 pairs of close alternate herbaceous pinnae, the lowermost somewhat reduced ; primary rachis stout, lightor dull-yellowish, deciduously squamulose and smooth, or toward the base sparingly muricate and deciduously paleaceous ; middle pinnae 40-50 cm. long, 12-13 cm. broad, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, strongly imbricate, the secondary rachis stramineous or yellowish, smooth, sulcate, slightly araneose-furfuraceous below ; pinnules about 30 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 6.5-8 cm. long, 12-15 mm. broad, apart, sessile, spreading, abruptly acuminate-caudate, cut four fifths or more to a costal wing 1 mm. or more wide upon each side ; segments 14-17 pairs, oblong, slightly falcate, obtuse, about 7 mm. long, 4 mm. broad at thedilatate base, 3 mm. broad above, separated by a narrow acute sinus, the margins conspicuously crenate-serrate ; costae conspicuously yellowish-strigose above, below ( together with the costules) scantily and minutely paleaceous with brownish or olivaceous scales and obscurely pilose, with a few larger scales intermixed, those of the costules bullate ; veins 7-8 pairs, mostly soriferous, simple or mostly once-forked near the base, glabrous ; sori near the costule, small ; indusium yellowish to olivaceous, delicately membranous, rupturing irregularly ; receptacle dark-brown, small, elevated, capitate, setose.
Type locality : Costa Rica.
Distribution : Costa Rica ; of general distribution in the interior mountainous regions, at