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Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / gall
Aceria macrotuberculata causes gall of inflorescence of Valeriana

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Acompus pallipes sucks sap of Valeriana
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / gall
larva of Contarinia valerianae causes gall of inflorescence of Valeriana

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Description

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Perennial herbs, often with a distinctive smell of valerian. Inflorescence a thyrse. Flowers bisexual or unisexual. Calyx developing in fruit into a pappus of 5-15 plumose awns. Corolla slightly saccate at base, with 5 lobes. Stamens 3. Fruit a flattened achene with 6 filiform ribs.
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
bibliographic citation
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Valeriana Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=1429
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Flora of Zimbabwe

Valeriana

provided by wikipedia EN

Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae,[1] members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis. Species are native to all continents except Antarctica, with centers of diversity in Eurasia and South America (especially in the Andes).

Taxonomy

The name of the genus was given by Carl Linnaeus after the Roman emperor Publius Licinius Valerianus who was said to use the plant as medicine,[2]: 16  the emperor's personal name comes from Valeria and the Latin verb valeo which means "to be strong".[3][4]

Botany

Species from this genus are herbaceous and have woody roots, they grow vines with fine hairs and trifoliolate, pinnate leaves with serrated edges. They release a strong smell when they dry. Their flowers bloom from cymes.[5]

Fossil record

Fossil seeds of Valeriana sp, among them †Valeriana pliocenica, have been recovered from Late Miocene deposits of southern Ukraine, from Pliocene deposits of south-eastern Belarus and Bashkortostan in central Russia. The fossil seeds are most similar to the extant European Valeriana simplicifolia.[6]

Species

As of December 2020, Plants of the World Online accepts over 420 species and hybrids, including:[1]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b c "Valeriana L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  2. ^ Ilieva, Iliana (30 March 2021). "Names of botanical genera inspired by mythology". GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 14 (3): 8–18. doi:10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0050.
  3. ^ Harper, Douglas. "valerian". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "vălĕo". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library.
  5. ^ Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro (April 2020). "Caprifoliaceae" (PDF). Guide to the Genera of Lianas and Climbing Plants of the Neotropics. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
  6. ^ The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003
  7. ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 668. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.

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Valeriana: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis. Species are native to all continents except Antarctica, with centers of diversity in Eurasia and South America (especially in the Andes).

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