Description
provided by eFloras
Plants 20–80(–150) cm. Stems usually branched from mid heights or distally. Leaves 4–10 pairs, mostly cauline (evenly distributed; basal leaves often withered by flowering, 1–2 pairs, subsessile to short-petiolate); sessile (proximalmost with membranous connate-sheathing bases); blades lance-elliptic, broadly oblanceolate, or oblong, 5–20 × 2–6(–8) cm, margins entire or remotely denticulate to prominently dentate, apices acute, faces nearly glabrous or puberulent to sparsely or densely white-tomentose-pilose. Heads (1–)3–10(–16). Involucres campanulate (rarely hemispheric). Phyllaries 8–23, nearly linear to narrowly lanceolate (apices each with conspicuous tuft of white hairs). Ray florets 8–20; corollas yellow. Disc florets: corollas yellow; anthers yellow. Cypselae gray to brown, 3–8 mm, subglabrous to sparsely hirsutulous, stipitate-glandular; pappi stramineous, bristles barbellate to subplumose. 2n = 38, 57, 76.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Arnica bernardina Greene; A. chamissonis var. bernardina (Greene) Jepson ex Maguire; A. chamissonis subsp. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire; A. chamissonis var. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire; A. chamissonis subsp. incana (A. Gray) Maguire; A. chamissonis var. incana (A. Gray) Hultén; A. chamissonis var. interior Maguire; A. chamissonis var. jepsoniana Maguire; A. foliosa Nuttall
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Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Arnica foliosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. II. 7: 407. 1841
Arnica ocreata A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 30: 201. 1900. Arnica exigua A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 30: 202. 1900. Arnica stricta A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 31: 407. 1901.
Rootstock long, horizontal; stem 2-6 dm. high, striate, more or less shortvillous, or glabrate below; stem-leaves 5-10 pairs, the lower petioled, with the bases of the petioles connate-sheathing, the upper sessile; blades of the lower leaves linear-oblanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, entire or remotely denticulate, usually densely and finely canescent and slightly glandular-puberulent, sometimes almost glabrous, 5-12 cm. long, 1-2 cm., rarely 2.5 cm. wide, the upper stem-leaves linear, sessile, acute; heads usually several; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre broadly turbinate, 8-10 mm. high, 15-20 mm. broad, whitevillous; bracts about 15, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtusish or acute; ray-flowers about 15, the ligules 10-12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 7 mm. long; achenes 4-5 mm. long, sparingly pilose and somewhat glandular-granuliferous; pappus-bristles straw-colored, 6-7 mm. long, barbellate. (A. exigua A. Nels. is a depauperate form scarcely 2 dm. high.)
Type locality: Alluvial flats of the Colorado of the West [Green River), "particularly near Bear River of the Lake Timpanagos."
I ii>tribi tion: Western Ontario to Mackenzie, British Columbia, Oregon, and Colorado.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1927. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; LIABEAE, NEUROLAENEAE, SENECIONEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 34(4). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Arnica chamissonis Less. Linnaea 6: 238. 1831
Arnica monlana Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 330, in part. 1834.
Arnica columbiana Greene, Pittonia 4: 159. D 1900. Not .4. Columbiana A. Nels. S 1900.
Arnica Greenei A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 31: 406. 1901.
Rootstock long, horizontal; stem 3-7 dm. high, sulcate, rather sparingly villous, with white flat hairs; stem-leaves 5-10 pairs; blades of the lower ones lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, tapering below into the petiole, more or less denticulate, 5-7ribbed, green, puberulent, and somewhat glandular-granuliferous above, somewhat paler and long-villous beneath, especially along the ribs, 7— IS cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, the petioles somewhat connate and sheathing at the base, the upper leaves lanceolate, sessile, usually acuminate; heads 5-20; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre broadly turbinate, about 12 mm. high and 2 cm. broad, whitevillous, especially at the base; bracts about 15, linear-lanceolate, acute; ray-flowers 12-15, the ligules 12-15 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 7 mm. long; achenes
5 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous; pappus-bristles straw-colored, strongly barbellate.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Distribution: Saskatchewan to Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1927. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; LIABEAE, NEUROLAENEAE, SENECIONEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 34(4). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Arnica chamissonis
provided by wikipedia EN
Arnica chamissonis, the Chamisso arnica,[2] is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Arnica montana. Arnica chamissonis is native to North America and naturalized in parts of Europe while A. montana is indigenous to Europe.[3][4]
Distribution and habitat
Arnica chamissonis is native to western North America, including Alaska, and most of Canada including Yukon and Northwest Territories.[5][6] Arnica chamissonis is perennial. It has a temperature minimum of −33 °F (−36 °C).[5] They are adapted to both coarse and medium textured soils with a pH between 6.0–7.2.[5] Since this plant uses a lot of moisture, it has a precipitation requirement of between 14–24 inches (36–61 cm).[5] It generally prefers moist meadows and conifer forests and often grows in montane to subalpine zones, 0–3,500 metres (0–11,483 ft).[7] Seeds are easily available and the plant can be grown in a home garden. It prefers full sun exposure and an average soil temperature of 65–75 °F (18–24 °C).[8]
Morphology
Arnica chamissonis has yellow flowers with green medium textured foliage.[5] The leaves of the Arnica chamissonis are grouped in 4–10 pairs.[7] It produces brown seeds and has an active growth period of the spring and summer. It has rhizomatous growth and grows at a moderate rate.[5] Rhizomatous plants have an underground stem with small fiber-like adventitious roots. A. chamissonis has a mature height of roughly 2.5 feet (76 cm).
Reproduction and growth
Arnica chamissonis has an active bloom period throughout the summer.[5] There are approximately 400,000 seeds per pound. These individuals have a medium seedling vigor and a moderate vegetative spread rate.[5] Seedling vigor refers to "the expected seedling survival percentage of the plant compared to other species with the same growth habit." A vegetative spread rate refers to how quickly a plant can spread through a given area. In general, A. chamissonis can be grown in a container, by using seeds or sprigs.[5]
Both A. montana and A. chamissonis contain the toxin helenalin.
The species is named for German poet and botanist Adelbert von Chamisso, 1781–1838.[9][10]
References
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^ The Plant List Arnica chamissonis Less.
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^ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Arnica chamissonis Less. Chamisso arnica
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^ "Invasive Species Compendium, 2011 Edition". CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2011.
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^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Arnica montana L. includes photos and European distribution map
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^ a b c d e f g h i USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Arnica chamissonis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
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^ Biota of North America Program, 2014 state-level distribution map
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^ a b Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Arnica chamissonis". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
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^ "Restoration Seeds". Archived from the original on 2013-03-24.
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^ Brummitt, R. K.; C. E. Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-085-6.
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^ Lessing, Christian Friedrich 1831. Linnaea 6(2): 238–239 in Latin
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Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Arnica chamissonis, the Chamisso arnica, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Arnica montana. Arnica chamissonis is native to North America and naturalized in parts of Europe while A. montana is indigenous to Europe.
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