Saccamminina

Description: This species incorporates sponge spicule in its test. Sieved on a 0.50 mm sieve (macrofauna). Item Type: Image Title: Crithionina hispida Copyright: SERPENT project Species: Crithionina hispida Behaviour: deposit feeder Site: Atlantic -- Norwegian -- Dalsnuten Site Description: Seafloor Depth (m): 1452 Latitude: 66 deg 34' 33" N Longitude: 3 deg 32' 46" E Countries: Norway -- Norwegian Sector Habitat: Benthic Rig: Aker Barents Project Partners: Shell, Aker Drilling, Oceaneering ROV: Magnum 142 Deposited By: Dr K Kroeger Deposited On: 24 June 2011

A closeup of the aperture. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

This specimen has two distinct apertures (one is quite visible at upper left). Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

Description: Operational taxonomic unit (OTU): Crithionina ?’elongated’. The test (‘outer crust’) is broken in these specimens. In the bigger specimen the incorporated sponge spicules can be seen. Macrofauna (sieved on 0.5 mm sieve). Item Type: Image Title: Crithionina sp. Copyright: SERPENT project Species: Crithionina sp. Behaviour: deposit feeder Site: Atlantic -- Norwegian -- Dalsnuten Site Description: Seafloor Depth (m): 1452 Latitude: 66 deg 34' 33" N Longitude: 3 deg 32' 46" E Countries: Norway -- Norwegian Sector Habitat: Benthic Rig: Aker Barents Project Partners: Shell, Aker Drilling, Oceaneering ROV: Magnum 142 Deposited By: Dr K Kroeger Deposited On: 13 July 2011

This species is common in the deep, marine ares of the Sandebukta, a branch of the Oslofjord. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

This specimen has no distinct apertures through the test, which is not uncommon in members of this genus. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

The wall of this foram includes a thick inner organic lining (IOL) underlying the agglutinated layer (A). The cell body is at lower right. Image courtesy of Susan T. Goldstein, University of Georgia. This image first appeared in J. Foram Res. 32:375-383 and is used with permission.

Greenland Sea/Arctic, cruise of Polarstern  found at 78.58N 07.37W at 192m depth 30.9.1995

This foram was collected from a salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia. The species name is due to this foram's habit of agglutinating fine, light-colored particls; it appears white under the light microscope. Image courtesy of Susan T. Goldstein, University of Georgia. This image first appeared in J. Foram Res. 32:375-383 and is used with permission.

Tholosina species attach to surfaces and build an agglutinated dome over the cell body. The dome is more "inflated" looking than the ones produced by their apparent relatives, the genus Hemisphaerammina. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

This image shows the foram's reticulopodia (the elaborate branching pseudopodia sticking out of the vase-like hole in the test). Reticulopods are the defining morphological characteristic of the Granuloreticulosea as a group. Image courtesy of Susan T. Goldstein, University of Georgia.

This view shows the inside of the dome-shaped test. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

Psammophaga species are noted for taking sand grains into their bodies; the genus name means "sand eater" in Greek. You can see the coarse quartz sand through the translucent walls of the foram's test. Image courtesy of Susan T. Goldstein, University of Georgia.

This giant Antarctic foraminiferan is often several millimeters across. Notice the two large projections (called stolons. In this species, the reticulopodia emerge from the ends of the stolons. Image courtesy of Samuel S. Bowser, Wadsworth Center.

Top: Reflected-light image of three individuals of the species, showing size variation. The white color is caused by a very fine layer of sand particles (probably quartz) that the foram glues to its outer surface. Bottom: A slightly higher-magnification transmitted-light image, with the nucleus clearly visible. Length of this specimen: approximately 600 um. Image courtesy of Andrew J. Gooday, Southampton Oceanography Centre.

A live cell in its native environment. Notice that the foram has selected two discrete sizes of sand grains to make its test, and does not use the other sizes available to it. Photo courtesy of Robert Sanders. More information about this image is available at the McMurdo Sound Underwater Field Guide.

This image clearly shows the fine grains that make up the test surface. Inset: a closeup of the aperture. Image courtesy of Andrew J. Gooday, Southampton Oceanography Centre.

This darkfield image shows the reticulopodial network (blue fibers); the cell body is the dark circular mass at lower left. Image courtesy of Samuel S. Bowser, Wadsworth Center.

A closeup of the opening. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

An SEM of part of the reticulopodial network. A. rara reticulopods are unusually strong, capable of trapping and rending juvenile arthropods and echinoderms. Image courtesy of Samuel S. Bowser, Wadsworth Center.

"Lagena" is a Latin word meaning "flask". This flask-shaped foram was found in the Oslofjord, Norway. Image courtesy of Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Originally published in J. Foram. Res. 16: 261-284; used with permission.

This Antarctic allogromiid has a loosely-agglutinated but thick test made mostly of fine sand. The grains appear to be held together by reticulopodia, rather than by an organic cement. Image courtesy of Samuel S. Bowser, Wadsworth Center.