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Polyneoptera

provided by wikipedia EN

The cohort Polyneoptera[1][2] is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.[3]

Taxonomy

The Polyneoptera Species File lists the following:[4]

Superorder Dermapterida

Superorder Dictyoptera

Superorder Orthopterida

Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera

Superorder Perlidea (synonym Plecopteroidea)

Stem-Phasmatodea

Superorder not placed

Phylogeny

Song et al 2016 propose a molecular phylogeny for the Polyneoptera, as shown in the phylogenetic tree:[7]

Polyneoptera

Dermaptera (earwigs) Earwig on white background.jpg

Plecoptera (stoneflies) Neoperla clymene hor.png

Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets) Gryllidae usda.png

Grylloblattodea (ice crawlers) Grylloblattidae (white background).jpg

Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Mantophasma zephyra (white background).jpg

Zoraptera (angel insects) Zorotypus guineensis (white background).jpg

Embioptera (webspinners) Embia major hor.png

Phasmatodea (stick insects) Stick insect line diagram.png

Mantodea (mantises) Stagmomantis carolina usda hor.png

Blattodea (inc. Isoptera) (cockroaches, termites) Temnopteryx species Zebra Cockroach (white background).jpg

See also

References

  1. ^ Martynov, AV (1938). "Studies on the geological history and phylogeny of the orders of insects (Pterygota)". Tr. Paleont. Inst. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 7 (4): 70.
  2. ^ Delclos; Nel; Azar; Bechly; Dunlop; Engel; Heads (2008). "The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 247 (3): 353–381. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0353.
  3. ^ Entomology Endopterygota. Royal Entomological Society. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  4. ^ Polyneoptera, Species File (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 5 September 2020)
  5. ^ Aristov, D. (2014). "Classification of the order Cnemidolestida (Insecta: Perlidea) with descriptions of new taxa". Far Eastern Entomologist. 277: 1–46.
  6. ^ Yang, Hongru; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (January 2022). Labandeira, Conrad (ed.). "Early Cretaceous enigmatic insect group showing unique wing venations and antennal sensilla". Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (1). doi:10.1002/spp2.1402. ISSN 2056-2799.
  7. ^ Song, Nan; Li, Hu; Song, Fan; Cai, Wanzhi (26 October 2016). "Molecular phylogeny of Polyneoptera (Insecta) inferred from expanded mitogenomic data". Scientific Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1038/srep36175. ISSN 2045-2322.

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Polyneoptera: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The cohort Polyneoptera is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN