Aphid

Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach)

Aphis glandulosa Kaltenbach, 1846:170–171 [type: Germany, on Artemisia vulgaris; believed nonexistent].—Wilson and Vickerey, 1918:83.

Myzus glandulosus (Kaltenbach).—Van der Goot, 1915:106–107.

Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach).—Börner, 1930: 138.—Hille Ris Lambers, 1933:173.—Kloet and Hincks, 1945:65.—Eastop, 1951:109.—Hille Ris Lambers, 1953:126–130.—Börner and Heinze, 1957:249.—Heie, 1962:220–221.—Szelegiewicz, 1963:131.—Leonard, 1964:84.—Shaposhnikov, 1964:790.—Stroyan, 1964a:79.—Tuatay and Remaudière, 1964:267.—Paik, 1965:58.—Pepper, 1965:213.—Achremowiot, 1967:291.—Huculak, 1967:244.—Leclant, 1968:369.—Hille Ris Lambers, 1969:168.

Capitophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach) [misidentification].—Gillette and Palmer, 1934:149–150.—Knowlton and Smith, 1936b:231; 1937:151.—Knowlton, 1946:6.

Capitophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach).—Wahlgren, 1938: 179.—Patch, 1938:245.

Pleotrichophorus glandulosus chrysanthemi (Theobald).—Eastop, 1958:61.

Capitophorus formosanus Takahashi.—Takahashi, 1961:1 [in part].

Myzus pilosus Van der Goot, 1912:68 [type: Wageningen, Netherlands, on Artemisia vulgaris].

Capitophorus pilosus (Van der Goot).—Theobald, 1923b:27.—J. Davidson, 1925:62.—Theobald. 1926:246–248; 1927:33.—Mimeur, 1934:36–37—Patch, 1938:245.

DIAGNOSIS.—This species is distinct from P. chrysanthemi in its thicker, longer stemmed, and bulbous rather than flattened and infundibulate head and body setae. The differences are discussed more fully under P. chrysanthemi.

DESCRIPTION.—Apterous Viviparous Female: Cleared specimens pale, with slightly darkened apices of rostrum and legs. Body length 1.39–2.20 (1.83), width across eyes .40–.48 (.448, n = 49). Head with moderately well-developed frontal tubercles; mf 1p, lf 2 (sometimes 3) on each tubercle, vlf 1p, df 10–17 (13.89 ± .48, n = 49), vf 6, pc 2p, ac 4–6 (usually 4), and md usually 3 on each side; dorsal setae elongate, of uniform diameter (about 44 μ) on basal enlarging distally to bulbous knob, about 3 times width of stem at widest. Ventral setae similarly elongate and bulbous but ac and md may be merely blunt or pointed; mf .0330–.0550 (.0445, n = 76), and df–1 .0374–.0572 (.0495, n = 77) mm long. Antennal segment I distinctly produced mesodistally, imbricate, with 7–11 (usually 8) blunt to slightly knobbed hairs in addition to basal pointed one on dorsum. A.s.II with basically blunt or knobbed setae but one may be added. A.s.III imbricate, with small blunt or knobbed setae, longest less than ½ basal diameter of segment, bearing 1–5 (1.92, n = 98) sensoria. A.S.IV averaging ¾, and a.s.V ⅔ length of a.s.III; a.s.VI with unguis 4½–7½ (5.92, n = 76) times as long as base.

Tergum membranous, smooth, becoming finely spiculate posterior to abd.s. 6; setae similar in size and shape to those of head, rather sparse but not regularly aligned. Cauda stoutly elongate, not constricted, rounded at apex; spiculate; with 2 lateral pairs of and usually 1 (1 or 2 occasionally added) posterodorsal setae. Cornicles .35–.58 (.458, n = 94) mm long and 1½ to 2⅓ times (2.01 ± .03, n = 90) as long as cauda; cylindrical, with slightly incrassate bases, conspicuously imbricate-spiculate. Legs with 3, 3, 3 hairs on first tarsal joints. Rostrum IV+V .105–.12 (.108, n = 52) mm long, about as long (m = .94 ± .01, n = 92) as hind ta–2; slender, tapering, distal ⅓ past pl setae produced into stout “needle”; with 1 basal, 2 dorsal, and 3 lateral pairs of setae, al about 3 times ml and pi setae in length.

Measurements (in mm) of 18 nearctic specimens on Artemisia vulgaris: BL 1.45–2.18 (1.85), We .40–.49 (.449); a.s.III .52–.70 (.601), a.s.IV .36–.56 (.454), a.s.V .33–.48 (.397), a.s.VI .12–.18 (.143) + .64–1.07 (.846); cornicles .35–.58 (.461), cauda .20–.28 (.229); hind tibiae 1.05–1.47 (1.20), hind ta–2 .10–.14 (.121) and rostrum IV+V .10–.12 (.112). Proportions of a.s.III:IV:V, 1: .58–.89 (.78): .53–.80 (.69); VIu/VIb 4.57–7.64 (5.92); co/ca 1.67–2.23 (1.99); rostrum IV+V/ hind ta–2 .85–1.10 (.93).

Alate Viviparous Female: Head, mesothorax, abdominal sclerites, legs from apical half of femora, antennae, and wing veins pale brown; areas around ocelli, tips of rostrum and tibiae, entire tarsi darker brown; remainder of body pale, membranous. Morphologically like aptera with following exceptions: df setae 11–16 (13.1, n = 12); head and body setae relatively shorter (mf .0154–.0374, m = .0288, n = 17, and df–1 .0242–.0440 mm, m = .0377, n = 20), apices more infundibulate than bulbous; sensoria more on a.s.III (13–22, m = 17.1, n = 20) sometimes also present on a.s.IV (0–4, m = 1.5, n = 20); VIu/VIb ratio slightly larger, averaging 6⅓ (5.88–6.79, n = 13); abdomen with pleural sclerites on segments 1 to 6, these broken into pairs of ovate sclerites on each side or contiguous, appearing transversely elongate, small marginal thickenings also present on discal segments; cornicles slightly shorter (.28–.44 mm, m =.374, n = 20); co/ca ratio smaller (1½ to 2, m = 1.81, n = 20); cauda slightly constricted, more slender, acutely pointed.

Measurements (in mm) of 5 specimens from Pennsylvania: BL 1.40–1.79 (1.57), We .34–.43 (.382); a.s.III .47–.59 (.533), a.s.IV .40–.53 (.452), a.s.V .38–.47 (.414), a.s.VI .12–.15 (.136) + .78–.95 (.91); cornicles .28–.39 (.356), cauda .16–.23 (.196); hind tibiae 1.15–1.38 (1.22), hind ta–2 .10–.13 (.114), and rostrum IV+V .11–.12 (.112). Proportions of a.s.III:IV:V, 1: .79–.95 (.85): .73–.81 (.78); VIu/VIb 6.00–6.79 (6.49); co/ca 1.69–2.00 (1.80); rostrum IV+V/ hind ta–2 .92–1.10 (.99).

Oviparous Female: Similar to viviparous aptera except as follows: head and body setae thinner, with smaller knobs, some of those on abdomen pointed or blunt, slightly longer, the mf .0324–.0594 (.0491, n = 10) and df–1 .0484–.0616 (.0561, n = 10) mm long; abdomen with pleural intersegmental patches; cauda stouter, saclike; subgenital plate bearing more setae; basal half of hind tibiae enlarged, armed with numerous pseudosensoria.

Measurements (in mm) of 2 specimens from New Jersey: BL 2.23 and 2.25, We .51 and .53; a.s.III .59–.66 (.625), a.s.IV .45–.49 (.473), a.s.V .42–.43 (.423), a.s.VI .14–.15 (.145) + .86–.90 (.88); cornicles .44–.47 (.453), cauda both .23, hind tibiae 1.19–1.30 (1.24), hind ta–2 .12–.14 (.13), and rostrum IV+V both .12. Proportions of a.s.III: IV:V, 1: .74–.77 (.76): .64–.71 (.68); VIu/VIb 6.14–6.43 (6.29); co/ ca 1.91–2.04 (1.97); rostrum IV+V/ hind ta–2 .86–1.00 (.93). Number of df setae 12 and 14; and of sensoria on a.s.III 1–2 (1.25).

Apterous Male: Body slenderly elongate, 1.40–1.63 (1.52, n = 3) mm long, .40–.43 (.416, n = 3) mm wide across eyes. Head, prothorax, mesothoracic to abdominal sclerite 6, spiracular plates, genito-anal capsule, antennae and tips of rostrum and legs dark brown; remainder of body pale, legs and cornicles slightly dusky. Head similar to that of apterous viviparous female, but with fewer df setae (10–14, m = 11.7, n = 3); mf .0264–.0528 (.0358, n = 4) and df–1 .0440–.0550 (.0502, n = 6) mm long. Sensoria on a.s.III 27–40 (34.33, n = 6), on a.s.IV 17–23 (19.67, n = 6) and on a.s.V 12–14 (12.83, n = 6); unguis 4⅔ to 6 times (5.58, n = 6) as long as base of a.s.VI. Tergum smooth on disk, becoming finely striate-spiculate posteriorly; contiguous spinopleural sclerites present on mesothorax to abd.s. 6; spinal thickenings slightly smaller and paler than pleural complements; ovate marginal sclerites on discal segments also present, spiracular plates of all segments dark brown. Cauda stout and saclike as in oviparous female. Cornicles .32–.37 (.343) mm long and 1.88–2.64 (2.44, n = 6) times as long as cauda. Aedeagus with broadly angular apex; parameres oblong, hairy as in other species.

Measurements (in mm) of 1 specimen from New Jersey: BL 1.63, We .43; a.s.III .57 and .59, a.s.IV. 47 and .46, a.s.V .44 and .47, a.s.VI .15 + .90 and .15 + .93; cornicles .34 and .37, cauda .14; hind tibiae 1.24 and 1.28, hind ta–2 .13 and .14, rostrum IV+V .115.

HOSTS.—Ambrosia sp., Artemisia lactucifolia, and A. vulgaris in North America. Artemisia maritima (England), and A. pinceps var. orientalis and Humulus japonicus (Korea) are recorded hosts elsewhere.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTH AMERICA. CANADA: Fredericton, New Brunswick (all M.E.MacG. coll.): 1 apt.v.f., 11–VIII–1952, J.B. Adams on Ambrosia;2 apt.v.f., 4–VIII–1950, P. Spicer on Ambrosia; 6 apt.v.f., 10–IX–1964; E.MacG., on Artemisia lactucifolia; 5 apt.v.f., 3–IX–1957, M.E.MacG., on A. vulgaris; and 4 apt.v.f., 2–IX–1958, Anderson on A. vulgaris; Salmon River Rd., New Brunswick, 16 apt.v.f., 14–VIII–1964, M.E.MacG. on Artemisia sp. (M.E.MacG. coll.); Laurentide Park, 29–VIII–1956, DHRL on A. vulgaris (DHRL coll.). UNITED STATES (all JOP coll.): New Jersey at Haddon Field, 2 ovip.f. and 1 apt.m., 26–XI–1960, MDL on A. vulgaris; Pennsylvania at Strassburg, 5 apt.v.f. and 5 al.v.f., 5–VI–1962, JOP on A. vulgaris; and at Norristown, 3–VI–1967, 1 al.v.f., JOP, in flight. EUROPE. NETHERLANDS (all collected by DHRL): Bennekom, 8 apt.v.f. and 5 al.v.f., ?–VIII–1947, on A. vulgaris; and Bergem/zoom, 1 apt.v.f., 3 ovip.f., and 2 apt.m., 1–X–1941, on A. vulgaris.