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Trophic Strategy

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Ingested food high in total organic matter, crude protein and C:N ration and low content of hydrolysis-resistant organic matter and ash (Ref. 28826).
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Recorder
Pascualita Sa-a
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Biology

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Facultative air breather.
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Rainer Froese
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Rainer Froese
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分布

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原產於南美洲亞馬遜河流域。現因屬觀賞魚之故,被引入其自然分區區以外的國家,包括臺灣。
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利用

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屬於觀賞魚。
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描述

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背鰭 I+10-11;臀鰭I+3;胸鰭I+5;腹鰭I+4;側線鱗數28-30;腹部鱗數5;背鰭基部鱗數11-13;臀鰭基部鱗數2;胸鰭基部鱗數1;腹鰭基部鱗數2;鰭脂與背鰭間鱗數6-7。全身被覆硬質骨板;口部腹面,特化為吸盤狀口器。體呈黑色而具有許多鵝黃色的不規則紋;頭背部亦為黑色,但鵝黃色之花紋密集分布且呈多邊形;腹部乳白色,散布黑色斑點。/Liposarcus pardalis/為本種之同種異名。
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棲地

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廣泛棲息於河川中下游流速緩慢的水域、溝渠、水池或湖泊,常群體聚集。屬於底棲性碎屑雜食性魚,利用特化的吸盤狀口器刮食附著性的微小藻類生活。對於水質的污染容忍度很高,在低溶氧的中度污染水域仍可見其蹤跡。
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Pterygoplichthys pardalis

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Pterygoplichthys pardalis, the Amazon sailfin catfish, is a freshwater tropical fish in the armored catfish family (Loricariidae). It is one of a number of species commonly referred to as the common pleco or "leopard pleco" by aquarists.

Description

This species will grow to a maximum length of 49 centimetres (19 in) SL and reach a weight of 310 g.[1]

It is sometimes confused with the Hypostomus plecostomus (another armored catfish known as the "common plecostomus").[2] The two species can be distinguished by their number of dorsal rays. P. pardalis has 11–13, while the H. plecostomus has only 5–8 dorsal rays. It is also commonly misindentified as P. disjunctivus and can be differentiated by its spotted patterning.[3]

There is an albino color variation of this species, usually referred to as an "Albino Plecostomus".[4] The amelanistic form may also be sold as the "chocolate pleco".[5]

Distribution and habitat

The species is native to the Amazon River Basin of Brazil and Peru, preferring pH ranges of 7.0–7.5. It is a facultative air breather; although normally a bottom-dwelling fish, it has the ability to breathe air from the surface of the water during dry periods or when dissolved oxygen is too low. The Amazon sailfin catfish has been introduced to a number of countries outside its native range.[1] It is recorded in the Marikina River in the Philippines and known as the "janitor fish", where it has become a local pest and sold in bulk, in efforts to eliminate the fish.[6][7][8][9] In the United States, invasive populations of sailfin catfishes like the Amazon sailfin catfish have been observed to be ecologically detrimental, as they disrupt aquatic food chains, decrease the abundance of native aquatic species, and degrade aquatic plants or banks of waterbodies through burrowing and tunneling.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2017). "Pterygoplichthys pardalis" in FishBase. 12 2017 version.
  2. ^ "Common Pleco (Hypostomus plecostomus) Species | TFH Magazine". Home | TFH Magazine. Retrieved 2022-08-15.
  3. ^ "Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus • Loricariidae • Cat-eLog". www.planetcatfish.com. Retrieved 2022-08-15.
  4. ^ Edmond, Adam. "Albino Bristlenose Pleco Care And Breeding Guide". theaquariumguide.com. The Aquarium Guide. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Pterygoplichthys pardalis • Loricariidae • Cat-eLog". www.planetcatfish.com. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  6. ^ "New Philippine record of south American sailfin catfishes (Pisces: Loricariidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  7. ^ American Chronicle | Janitor Fish Threatens Asia's Largest Marshland Archived March 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Embryonic and larval development of the suckermouth sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Marikina River, Philippines".
  9. ^ "Pterygoplichthys pardalis, (Castelnau, 1855) Amazon sailfin catfish, Philippines country information". FishBase.
  10. ^ Hoover, Jan; Killgore, K; Cofrancesco, Alfred (February 2004), "Suckermouth Catfishes: Threats to Aquatic Ecosystems of the United States?", Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program Bulletin, 4 (1): 1–9
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Pterygoplichthys pardalis: Brief Summary

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Pterygoplichthys pardalis, the Amazon sailfin catfish, is a freshwater tropical fish in the armored catfish family (Loricariidae). It is one of a number of species commonly referred to as the common pleco or "leopard pleco" by aquarists.

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