Golden langurs are a species that has had multiple scientific names. For now, they are associated with the genus Trachypithecus, but when they were first discovered in 1956, they were placed under the genus Presbytis. They have also been placed in the genus Semnopithecus. Golden langurs' scientific name comes from the man who discovered them, E. P. Gee. All three of the genus names fall under the subfamily Colobinae and the family Cercopithecidae.
Again, little is known about the communication between golden langurs. What is certain is that vocal communication does exist between members of the species, including loud “whooping” noises heard from the male langurs.
In spite of a paucity of information on these animals, we can assume that like other primates tactile communication (such as grooming, mating, aggressive behaviors) and visual signals (such as body postures and facial expressions) play some role in communication also.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Golden langurs as a species are in trouble, and this is reflected by their status on various environmental lists. In 2003, they were considered engendered by the IUCN Red List, and listed as Appendix I on the CITES website. They were first listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List in 1976. In the Indo-US Primate Project Survey, which looked at the species from 1994 to 1999, they were listed as critically endangered.
The main reason for low numbers of golden langurs is because of their localized habitat and the rapid loss of this habitat due to deforestation. Although the forests are supposedly protected, until recently their protection was not strictly enforced and it is estimated that approximately 50% of their habitat was lost from India in a span of 10 to 12 years. In 1998, approximately 4,500 golden langurs remained in both Assam and Bhutan. In spite of the need for immediate action, it was reported that the area the species inhabited shrunk again from 1998 to 2002.
Although at current rates of decline, the survival of these animals seems bleak, there has been some efforts to save them. Almost all of the land they occupy in Bhutan is part of four different wildlife preserves and national parks that have been set up to protect them. The Royal Manas National Park, Black Mountain National Park, Trumsingla Wildlife Sanctuary and Phipsoo WLS are home to more than half of the total number of golden langurs living today. While this is good news, in India, only approximately 95 square km of their habitat is protected by the two WLS in Assam: the Manas WLS and Chakrasilla WLS. Most of the golden langurs' habitat falls into forest reserves and proposed forest reserves or other fragmented areas where many trees have been cut down. In the past these areas were not well protected but certain conservation groups, along with the Indo-US Primate Project are working together to assure the future of these forests. Aside from protecting the forest reserves, they are also working with local residents to rebuild the forests. With all this work being done to save golden langurs, hopefully their populations will grow.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix i
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
Although the limited contact between humans and golden langurs restricts the amount of information available on their economic importance, the continued destruction of their habitat may lead to more encounters. In areas where their habitat is being destroyed golden langurs may be forced to move to unfamiliar places, resulting in the destruction of crops as they search for food.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
Because golden langurs tend to avoid human contact, little is known about the economic importance they provide for humans.
Due to the lack of research, the role that golden langurs play in the ecosystem is unknown. Researchers do suspect however, that like most primates, they are important for seed dispersal, seed predation, and pollination.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates
Species Used as Host:
Mutualist Species:
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Golden langurs are both folivores and frugivores. Their diets consist of ripe and unripe fruits, young and mature leaves, leaf buds, flower buds, seeds, twigs, and flowers. Although they eat a variety of food, they mostly prefer to eat young leaves. The most popular vegetation among golden langurs are Ficus racemosa, Salmalia malabarica, and Adenanthera peuonina. Most langurs, Trachypithecus geei included, are also known as leaf monkeys; a name derived from their exclusively vegetarian diet. Due to the large amounts of leafy material that the golden langurs consume, they have a sacculated stomach, which is a common characteristic in the subfamily Colobinae. A sacculated stomach is made up of different compartments and helps to break down the cellulose in the leaves. It is a very important feature that is necessary to obtain the maximum possible nutrition from innutritious leaves.
Plant Foods: leaves; fruit; flowers
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore )
The geographic range of golden langurs is limited to Assam, India and neighboring Bhutan where they live year-round. The area they inhabit is restricted to the region surrounded by four geographical landmarks: the foothills of Bhutan (north), Manas river (east), Sankosh river (west), and Brahmaputra river (south).
Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )
Golden langurs occupy moist evergreen and tropical deciduous forests as well as some riverine areas and savannas in Assam and Bhutan. They are very much dependent on trees, living in the upper canopy of sub-tropical forests in the south and in more temperate forests in the north. The elevations they inhabit also vary according to their geographic range. They may be found at elevations close to sea level in the south and up to 3000 m at the foothills of Bhutan in the north. Aside from their natural habitats, golden langurs can also be found in wildlife reserves in both India and Bhutan. In Bhutan, a combination of four different national parks and wildlife sanctuaries comprise most of the area in which golden langurs are found. In Assam, they inhabit the two wildlife sanctuaries there, as well as parts of fragmented reserve forests, proposed reserve forests, and other non-forested areas.
Range elevation: 0 to 3000 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: riparian
Due to their rarity and fairly recent discovery, golden langurs have not been well studied, and as a result little is known about their lifespan.
Golden langurs can be most easily recognized by the color of their fur, after which they are named. Their hair ranges from dark golden to creamy buff and their faces are black and hairless except for a long pale beard. The color of their fur differs across their bodies with a slightly darker red on the top and sides and a lighter color underneath. It has been noted that their fur changes colors according to the seasons. In the winter it is dark golden chestnut and in the summer it is more cream colored. The color of the young also differs from adults in that they are almost pure white. Color varies geographically. Golden langurs in the south tend to be more uniform in color and smaller than those in the northern regions.
The overall shape of this monkey is slim, with long limbs and tail. The tail has a tassle on the end and is notably larger in males than in females. Males also tend to be slightly larger than females, although no weights have been recorded. The head and body measures from 50 to 75 cm and the tail ranges from 70 to 100 cm.
Range length: 120 to 175 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; ornamentation
Average mass: 8100 g.
Predation by other animals is negligible, most likely due to the highly arboreal lifestyle of golden langurs. Their numbers are mainly threatened by humans through fragmentation and the eventual degradation of their habitats.
Because they have been studied relatiely little, there is little known information on the reproduction of golden langurs. Scientists believe that their reproduction is similar to a close relative of golden langurs, hanuman langurs.
Mating System: cooperative breeder
Although not much is known about the reproduction of golden langurs, it has been observed that births occur almost year-round. There may be a period of a few months where more births are concentrated, corresponding to a change in the climate and vegetation. Golden langurs give birth to a single offspring at a time.
Breeding interval: The breeding interval is unknown.
Breeding season: The breeding season is year-round.
Range number of offspring: 1 (high) .
Average number of offspring: 1.
Key Reproductive Features: year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Average number of offspring: 1.
While parental care of the offspring has not been observed for golden langurs, it is presumed to be similar to that of hanuman langurs. In this species, all of the care for the young is provided by the mother and other females in the group. The father has no contact with his offspring.
Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); extended period of juvenile learning
El langur daurat de Gee (Trachypithecus geei) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. És originari d'una petita regió de l'Índia i de Bhutan. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos amb arbres bastant alts, on fa servir la cua per mantenir l'equilibri quan salta d'un arbre a l'altre. Està amenaçat per diversos motius, incloent-hi la petitesa del seu àmbit de distribució. Es tracta d'un animal herbívor que s'alimenta de fruita, fulles, llavors, brots i flors.[1]
El langur daurat de Gee (Trachypithecus geei) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. És originari d'una petita regió de l'Índia i de Bhutan. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos amb arbres bastant alts, on fa servir la cua per mantenir l'equilibri quan salta d'un arbre a l'altre. Està amenaçat per diversos motius, incloent-hi la petitesa del seu àmbit de distribució. Es tracta d'un animal herbívor que s'alimenta de fruita, fulles, llavors, brots i flors.
Der Goldlangur (Trachypithecus geei) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini).
Goldlanguren erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 49 bis 72 Zentimetern, wozu noch ein 71 bis 94 Zentimeter langer Schwanz kommt. Ihr Gewicht beträgt 9,5 bis 12 Kilogramm, sie zählen somit zu den schwereren Vertretern der Haubenlanguren. Die Fellfärbung variiert von cremefarben bis goldgelb, im Winter nimmt sie eher einen Rotstich an. Das dunkle Gesicht ist von langen Haaren umgeben, die an der Oberseite den für die Haubenlanguren typischen Schopf bilden.
Goldlanguren sind im Westen des indischen Bundesstaates Assam sowie in Bhutan beheimatet. Ihr Lebensraum sind tropische Wälder.
Goldlanguren sind tagaktive Baumbewohner, die sich zum Schlafen in die höheren Schichten der Bäume zurückziehen. Sie leben in Gruppen von 2 bis 12 Tieren, diese setzen sich aus einem oder zwei Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und dem dazugehörigen Nachwuchs zusammen. Die Streifgebiete der einzelnen Gruppen können sich überlappen.
Sie sind Pflanzenfresser, die sich vorwiegend von Blättern und Früchten ernähren. Wie alle Schlankaffen haben sie einen mehrkammerigen Magen zur besseren Verwertung der schwer verdaulichen Pflanzennahrung.
Nach einer rund sechsmonatigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist im Juli oder August ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt.
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Goldlangurs wurde durch Waldrodungen stark verkleinert und zerstückelt, die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraumes stellt die Hauptbedrohung dieser Art dar. Teile ihres Lebensraumes sind heute geschützt, etwa der Manas-Nationalpark. Insgesamt wird die Art von der IUCN als stark gefährdet (endangered) gelistet.
Der Goldlangur bildet zusammen mit dem Kappenlangur und dem Shortridge-Langur die pileatus-Gruppe innerhalb der Gattung der Haubenlanguren. Neben der Nominatform T. g. geei gibt es im nördlichen Bhutan mit T. g. bhutanensis eine zweite Unterart.
Der Goldlangur (Trachypithecus geei) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini).
सुनौलो लङ्गुर वा गिको सुनौलो लङ्गुर, पूर्व जगतको बाँदर प्रजातिको एक सदस्य हो जुन भारतको पश्चिमी आसाम तथा भुटानका केही भूभागहरूमा पाइन्छन्।[३][४] यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुर भारतमा बाँदर प्रजातिको सबैभन्दा सङ्कटापन्न जीवको रूपमा रहेको छ।[५][६] धेरै हिमाली क्षेत्रमा बसोबास गर्ने मानिसहरूका लागि लामो समयदेखि पवित्र मानिने सुनौलो लङ्गुर प्रकृतिवादी एडवर्ड गिजले सन् १९५० को दशकमा पश्चिमी विश्वको पहिलो पटक ध्यानमा ल्याएका थिए।[७][८]
सुनौलो लङ्गुरको शरीरमा रहेका भुत्लाको रङ्ग सुनौलो देखि हल्का पहेँलो रङ्गको हुन्छ।[९][१०] यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको शरीको छेउछाउको भाग तथा भुत्ला रङ्ग खिया रङ्गको हुन्छ।[११] यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको सानो बच्चा तथा पोथी लङ्गुरको भने भालेको जस्तो गाढा रङ्ग हुँदैन। सुनौलो लङ्गुरको अनुहारको रङ्ग कालो हुन्छ भने यसको पुच्छरको लम्बाई ५० सेमी (१९.६९ इञ्च) लामो हुन्छ। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको रङ्ग मौसम अनुसारसँगै परिवर्तन हुने गरेको तथ्याङ्क रहेको छ।[१२]
यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको बासस्थान दायरा लामो क्षेत्रमा फैलिएको छैन। सुनौलो लङ्गुरको प्रमुख बासस्थान दायरा ६० वर्ग माइलको क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको छ जसको दक्षिणमा आसामका ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी, पूर्वमा मानस नदी, पश्चिममा सुनकोसी नदी देखि भुटानको कालो हिमाल श्रृङ्खला भित्र पर्दछ। सुनौलो लङ्गुरको दोस्रो बासस्थान दायरा २०० माइल क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको छ जसमा दक्षिण-दक्षिणपूर्वी क्षेत्रहरू समावेश छन्। यस प्रजातिका लङ्गुरहरू भारतको त्रिपुरा राज्यको दक्षिणपश्चिमी भूभागमा पाइन्छन्।
यस प्रजातिका लङ्गुरहरू यसको बासस्थान दायरा अन्तर्गत धेरै जसो भागमा उच्च रूखहरूमा सीमित हुन्छन् जहाँ यसको लामो पुच्छर सन्तुलितको बनाइराख्ने काम गर्दछ। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरहरू हाँगाबाट अर्को रूखको हाँगामा छलाङ लगाउने गर्दछन्। सुनौलो लङ्गुर मुख्यतया रूखमानै बस्ने भएकाले यी प्राणीहरू विरलै जमिनमा अोर्लिन्छन्। वर्षा ऋतुमा यसले शीत र पानीले भिजेका पातहरूबाट पानी प्राप्त पिउने गर्दछ। यस प्रजातिका लङ्गुरहरू साकाहारी हुन्छन् भने यी लङ्गुुरले।मुख्यतया फलफूल, रूखका पात, बीउ, फुल आदी खाने गर्दछन्। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुर सामान्यतया एक समुदायमा बस्ने गर्दछन् जसमा लगभग ८ सदस्यहरू (कहिलेकाँही ५० सदस्य सम्म पनि) हुन्छन् जसमा केही पोथी तथा अधिक भाले लङ्गुरहरू हुन्छन्। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको सानो समूह चार सदस्यहरू मिलेर बनेका हुन्छन् भने सबैभन्दा ठूलो समूहमा २२ सदस्यहरू हुन्छन्।
यस प्रजातिका लङ्गुरहरू बन्यजन्तु संरक्षण परियोजना सन् १९८२ को अन्तर्गत सूचीकृत गरिएको छ। सुनौलो लङ्गुर हाल सङ्कटापन्न बन्यजन्तुको सूचीमा सूचीकृत गरिएको छ जसको भारतमा कुल सङ्ख्या १५०० रहेको छ भने भटानमा यसको सङ्ख्या ४००० रहेको छ। सन् १९८८ मा सुनौलो लङ्गुरको दुई बन्धक समूहलाई भारतको त्रिपुरा राज्यको पश्चिमी क्षेत्रको दुई संरक्षित क्षेत्रमा मुक्त गरिएको थियो भने सन् २००० सम्म, यी समूहहरू मध्ये एक लङ्गुरले सेपहिजाला वन्यजन्तु आरक्षमा ८ सदस्य सहित एक समूहको निर्माण गरेको पाइएको थियो।
सुनौलो लङ्गुर वा गिको सुनौलो लङ्गुर, पूर्व जगतको बाँदर प्रजातिको एक सदस्य हो जुन भारतको पश्चिमी आसाम तथा भुटानका केही भूभागहरूमा पाइन्छन्। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुर भारतमा बाँदर प्रजातिको सबैभन्दा सङ्कटापन्न जीवको रूपमा रहेको छ। धेरै हिमाली क्षेत्रमा बसोबास गर्ने मानिसहरूका लागि लामो समयदेखि पवित्र मानिने सुनौलो लङ्गुर प्रकृतिवादी एडवर्ड गिजले सन् १९५० को दशकमा पश्चिमी विश्वको पहिलो पटक ध्यानमा ल्याएका थिए।
सोनेरी वानर ही वानरांमधील एक जात आहे ( शास्त्रीय नाव - Trachypithecus geei) ही वानरे फक्त भारत-भूतान मधील मानस राष्ट्रीय उद्यानात दिसून येतात. इतर वानरांपेक्षा ही जात अत्यंत दुर्मिळ आहे व नामशेष होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहे.
नावा प्रमाणेच ह्या वानराची फर सोनेरी रंगाची असते म्हणून यास सोनेरी वानर असे म्हणतात. याची उंची साधारणपणे अर्धामीटर पर्यंत असते व वजन १०-१२ किलोपर्यंत भरते. झाडांची पाने व फळे हा यांचा मुख्य आहार आहे. इतर वानरांप्रमाणेच हेही वानर मुख्यत्वे कळप करून रहातात. कळपाचा म्होरक्या नर असतो व इतर माद्या असतात[२].
|isbn= value (सहाय्य). १ जानेवारी, इ.स. २०१२ रोजी पाहिले. सोनेरी वानर ही वानरांमधील एक जात आहे ( शास्त्रीय नाव - Trachypithecus geei) ही वानरे फक्त भारत-भूतान मधील मानस राष्ट्रीय उद्यानात दिसून येतात. इतर वानरांपेक्षा ही जात अत्यंत दुर्मिळ आहे व नामशेष होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहे.
नावा प्रमाणेच ह्या वानराची फर सोनेरी रंगाची असते म्हणून यास सोनेरी वानर असे म्हणतात. याची उंची साधारणपणे अर्धामीटर पर्यंत असते व वजन १०-१२ किलोपर्यंत भरते. झाडांची पाने व फळे हा यांचा मुख्य आहार आहे. इतर वानरांप्रमाणेच हेही वानर मुख्यत्वे कळप करून रहातात. कळपाचा म्होरक्या नर असतो व इतर माद्या असतात.
সোণালী বান্দৰ (ইংৰাজী: Golden langur) পোণপ্ৰথমে ১৯৫৪ চনত আৱিস্কৃত হৈছিল৷ এই আপুৰুগীয়া বান্দৰৰ প্ৰজাতিটো ভাৰতবৰ্ষত মূলতঃ পশ্চিম অসম,[3][4] ভুটানৰ পৰ্ব্বত অঞ্চলত পোৱা যায় [5][6]৷এই প্ৰাণীবিধৰ দৈহিক গঠন তথা বিস্তৃতি সম্পৰ্কে গী (Gee,১৯৫৬) আৰু খাজুৰীয়া (Khajuria ,১৯৫৬, ১৯৬২) ই প্ৰথম বৈজ্ঞানিক তথ্য আগবঢ়ায়৷ এই প্ৰাণীবিধক ভাৰতীয় বন্যপ্ৰাণী আইন (১৯৭২) অনুসৰি সৰ্বোচ্চ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আগবঢ়োৱা হৈছে৷ এই আইনত সোণালী বান্দৰক প্ৰথম অনুসূচীৰ (Schedule I) প্ৰাণী বুলি স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হৈছে আৰু ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰাই এই জন্তুবিধৰ হত্যা, চিকাৰ বা পোহনীয়া কৰি ৰখাটো নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে৷
সোণালী বান্দৰৰ দুটা উপ-প্ৰজাতি পোৱা যায়[1]:-
সোণালী বান্দৰৰ দেহৰ বৰণ সোণালী, মুখখন ক’লা আৰু নেজডাল যথেষ্ট দীঘ৷ সোণালী বান্দৰে সাধাৰণতে ওখ গছত বাস কৰে বাবে দীঘল নেজ ডালে দেহৰ ভাৰসাম্য ৰখাতো সহায় কৰে৷ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৫০-৬০ ছে: মি: আৰু ওজন-৯.৫-১১ কি:গ্ৰা:৷ সোণালী বান্দৰ এবিধ তৃণভোজী প্ৰাণী ,প্ৰধানত: ফল-মূল, গছৰ পাত , গুটি আৰু ফুল খাদ্য ইচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰে ৷
সোণালী বান্দৰৰ বিস্তৃত তেনেই সীমিত৷ ভাৰতবৰ্ষত দক্ষিণে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ, পূবত মানাহ নদী, পশ্চিমে সোণকোষ নদী আৰু উত্তৰে ভূটানৰ ক’লা পাহাৰ পৰ্য্যন্ত এই প্ৰাণী বিধৰ বিচৰণস্হলী [6] [7]৷
ই সাধাৰণতে ৮-৫০ টা প্ৰাণীৰ দলত বাস কৰে৷ একোটা দলত সাধাৰণতে এটা বা দুটা মতা প্ৰাণী থাকে[8]৷ এবাৰত এটাকৈ পোৱালি জন্ম দিয়ে৷
সোণালী বান্দৰ এবিধ বিলুপ্তপ্ৰায় (endangered) প্ৰাণী ৷ ২০০১ চনৰ এটা অধ্যয়ন অনুসৰি ভাৰতবৰ্ষত ইয়াৰ সংখ্যা প্ৰায় ১০৬৪ টা ৷ ইয়াৰে ৬০% ই পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক প্ৰাণী বুলি তথ্য পোৱা গৈছে [6] [9]৷
সোণালী বান্দৰ (ইংৰাজী: Golden langur) পোণপ্ৰথমে ১৯৫৪ চনত আৱিস্কৃত হৈছিল৷ এই আপুৰুগীয়া বান্দৰৰ প্ৰজাতিটো ভাৰতবৰ্ষত মূলতঃ পশ্চিম অসম, ভুটানৰ পৰ্ব্বত অঞ্চলত পোৱা যায় ৷এই প্ৰাণীবিধৰ দৈহিক গঠন তথা বিস্তৃতি সম্পৰ্কে গী (Gee,১৯৫৬) আৰু খাজুৰীয়া (Khajuria ,১৯৫৬, ১৯৬২) ই প্ৰথম বৈজ্ঞানিক তথ্য আগবঢ়ায়৷ এই প্ৰাণীবিধক ভাৰতীয় বন্যপ্ৰাণী আইন (১৯৭২) অনুসৰি সৰ্বোচ্চ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আগবঢ়োৱা হৈছে৷ এই আইনত সোণালী বান্দৰক প্ৰথম অনুসূচীৰ (Schedule I) প্ৰাণী বুলি স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হৈছে আৰু ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰাই এই জন্তুবিধৰ হত্যা, চিকাৰ বা পোহনীয়া কৰি ৰখাটো নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে৷
தங்க நிற மந்தி (Gee's golden langur) என்பது ஒரு குரங்கு இனமாகும். இது இந்தியாவின் மேற்கு அசாமின் ஒரு சிறிய பகுதியில் காணப்படுகிறது.[3][4] இந்தியாவில் அதிக அழிவாபத்தை எதிர்நோக்கியுருக்கும் முதனிகளுள் இது ஒன்று. [5]
இக்குரங்கு கருமையான முகமும், பொன்நிற முடியும் நீண்ட வாலும் கொண்டது. இது பெரும்பாலும் உயர்ந்த மரங்களில் வசிக்கும். கிளைவிட்டு கிளைதாவுகையில் இதன் நீண்ட வால் சமநிலை உண்டாக்க உதவுகிறது.
தங்க நிற மந்தி (Gee's golden langur) என்பது ஒரு குரங்கு இனமாகும். இது இந்தியாவின் மேற்கு அசாமின் ஒரு சிறிய பகுதியில் காணப்படுகிறது. இந்தியாவில் அதிக அழிவாபத்தை எதிர்நோக்கியுருக்கும் முதனிகளுள் இது ஒன்று.
Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), also known as simply the golden langur, is an Old World monkey found in a small region of Western Assam, India and in the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan. Long considered sacred by many Himalayan people, the golden langur was first brought to the attention of the Western world by the naturalist Edward Pritchard Gee in the 1950s. Adult males have a cream to golden coat with darker flanks while the females and juveniles are lighter. It has a black face and a long tail up to 50 cm (19.69 in) in length. It lives in high trees and has a herbivorous diet of fruits, leaves, seeds, buds and flowers. The average group size is eight individuals, with a ratio of several females to each adult male. It is one of the most endangered primate species of India and Bhutan.
The earliest record of the golden langur is in an 1838 paper by Robert Boileau Pemberton which states that "Griffith observed these monkeys near Tongso in Central Bhutan."[4][5] However, since Pemberton's work was lost and not rediscovered until the 1970s, the scientific discovery of the golden langur unfolded differently. In 1907, Edward Oswald Shebbeare—who was out with some hunters and forest rangers—reported seeing a "cream coloured langur" in the vicinity of the Jamduar.[6][nb 1] However, neither a photograph nor a live or dead specimen was presented at that time. The first reference to the golden langur in print, as an animal of unidentified taxonomic status, was in a 1919 publication that stated: "Pithecus sp? – A pale yellow coloured langur is common in the adjoining district of Goalpara (Assam). Jerdon reported one from Terai, the adjacent district on the (west) side, which Blanford suggested might be P. entellus."[7][8]
In February 1947, in the Forest Rest House visitors' book in Raimona, a few miles south of Jamduar, C. G. Baron reported seeing some langurs whose "whole body and tail is one colour – a light silvery-gold, somewhat like the hair of a blonde." A year later, back in Jamduar, H. E. Tyndale, a tea planter, reported seeing "Sankosh cream langurs."[8] However, it wasn't until a few years later that a focused effort to identify the golden langur was mounted by Gee, who traveled back to Jamduar in November 1953. His team were able to observe three groups of golden langurs, all on the east bank of the Sankosh river. The first group was observed on the Bhutan side of the border; the second group, a large one of 30 to 40 individuals, a mile north of Jamduar on the Indian side; and a third group four to five miles (6.44 km to 8.05 km) south near Raimona. Colour movies of the second group were made by Gee.[8]
In August 1954, Gee reported his findings to an expert at the Zoological Society of London, who advised that the golden langur might be a new species. In January 1955, Gee also reported his results to the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and, after showing his movies of the golden langurs, suggested that Jamduar be included in the then-upcoming ZSI-survey of that region.[9] The suggestion received the support of Dr. Sunder Lal Hora, then Director of ZSI, and later that year six specimens of the golden langur were collected by the survey party.[8] The following year, Dr. H. Khajuria, a taxonomist who studied the specimens, described the new species naming it Presbystis geei in honour of Gee.[10][nb 2]
There are two subspecies of this species:[1]
The subspecies are separated by a geological fault in the Himalayas called the Main Frontal Thrust. T. g. bhutanensis occurs in the northern part of the species range in Bhutan and T. g. geei is found in the south of Bhutan and in Assam in northern India.
In Bhutan, it has hybridised with T. pileatus, the capped langur.[12][13] This is believed to be due to the construction of permanent bridges across the Chamkar river, a tributary of the Mangde river which separates the two species.[14]
The coat of the adult golden langur ranges from cream to golden, on its flanks and chest the hairs are darker and often rust coloured while the coats of the juveniles and females are lighter, silvery white to light buff.[15] The coat changes color seasonally, from white or cream coloured in the summer to dark golden or chestnut in the winter. Their long whiskers protect their eyes from rain during monsoon. The golden langur has a black face and large whorl of hair on its crown.[10]
Gee's golden langur exhibits sexual dimorphism. Males are larger and more robust than females. Adult males weigh 10.8 kilograms (24 lb) on average and adult females weigh 9.5 kilograms (21 lb).[16] The length of the head and body ranges from 50–75 centimetres (20–30 in),[17] while the relatively long tail is 70–100 centimetres (28–39 in) in length.[11][17]
Gee's golden langur is found in an area of approximately 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi), much of which is unsuitable habitat,[18] bounded on the south by the Brahmaputra River, on the east by the Manas River, on the west by the Sankosh River, in Assam, India, and on the north by the Black Mountains of Bhutan.[19] These biogeographical barriers are believed to have led to the radiation of species from the closely-related capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus).[20] In 1988, two captive groups of Gee's golden langur were released into the wild in Tripura state in north-eastern India, an area outside of their natural range.[21] One of the groups, released into Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, survives and has adapted to the wild.[22]
For the most part, the langur is confined to high trees where its long tail serves as a balancer when it leaps across branches. During the rainy season it obtains water from dew and rain drenched leaves. Its diet is herbivorous, consisting of ripe and unripe fruits, mature and young leaves, seeds, buds and flowers. It generally lives in troops of about 8, with a ratio of several females to each adult male. The smallest golden langur troop was composed of four individuals, while the largest had 22, giving an average value of 8.2 individuals per troop. The adult gender ratio was 2.3 females to every male, although the majority of groups had only one adult male.[23]
Gee's golden langur is currently endangered with a decreasing population trend; the total population of mature adults has been estimated as 6000–6500.[24] It is one of the most endangered primate species of India and Bhutan.[25] In India 93% of the population is found in forest reserves (Chirang, Manas and Ripu) and the western part of Manas National Park, and the remaining occur in several small isolated fragments.[13] The population has declined by more than 30% in the last 30 years, and is expected to decline further in the near future. Golden langurs are protected by law in their range. The species is listed in Appendix I of CITES,[26] and in Schedule I of both, the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 of India,[27] and the Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan, 1995.[28]
On 5 June 2019, the district authorities of Bongaigaon district in Assam launched a project under the MGNREGA to plant guava, mango, blackberry and other fruit trees to ensure that the resident golden langurs of the Kakoijana reserved forest do not have to risk their lives to find food. Several golden langurs have died due to electrocution and in road accidents while looking for food beyond the reserve forests.[29] In 1988, two captive groups of golden langurs were released into two protected areas of the western region of the state of Tripura, India. As of 2000, one of these groups, consisting of six (and possibly eight) individuals in the Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, had survived.[21] The relative death of infants and juveniles indicate a declining population with the habitat being degraded by human activity. A fragmented but protected population in a rubber plantation in the Nayakgaon, Kokrajhar, district of Assam increased in population from 38 individuals in 1997 to 52 in 2002. The population has also adapted to feeding on dry rubber seeds.[30]
Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), also known as simply the golden langur, is an Old World monkey found in a small region of Western Assam, India and in the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan. Long considered sacred by many Himalayan people, the golden langur was first brought to the attention of the Western world by the naturalist Edward Pritchard Gee in the 1950s. Adult males have a cream to golden coat with darker flanks while the females and juveniles are lighter. It has a black face and a long tail up to 50 cm (19.69 in) in length. It lives in high trees and has a herbivorous diet of fruits, leaves, seeds, buds and flowers. The average group size is eight individuals, with a ratio of several females to each adult male. It is one of the most endangered primate species of India and Bhutan.
El langur dorado (Trachypithecus geei[2]) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en una pequeña región al occidente de la provincia de Assam, India,[3][4] y en las laderas de las Montañas Negras de Bután.[5][6] Es uno de los primates más amenazados de India.[6] Considerado por mucho tiempo sagrado por los habitantes del Himalaya, el langur dorado fue descrito inicialmente por el naturalista Edward Pritchard Gee en la década de 1950.[7] En una región de su distribución en Bután, está hibridado con el lutung de gorra (Trachypithecus pileatus).[8]
El langur dorado se caracteriza por su pelaje que varía entre dorado y crema brillante, su cara negra y una cola muy larga de hasta 50 cm. En la mayor parte de su hábitat, este langur se encuentra confinado a los árboles de gran altura, donde su larga cola le permite balancear sus saltos entre las ramas. Durante la época de lluvias obtiene el agua del rocío y las hojas humedecidas. Su dieta es herbívora, compuesta de frutas y hojas verdes y maduras, semillas, brotes y flores.
Su área de distribución es muy restringida; limitándose principalmente a solo unos 100 km² limitados al sur por el río Brahmaputra, por el oriente el río Manas, por el occidente el río Sankosh en Assam, India y por el norte las Montañas Negras de Bután.[6] Se cree que esta barrera biogeográfica es la responsable del origen de la especie a partir de su pariente más cercano Trachypithecus pileatus.[9]
El langur dorado se considera una especie amenazada; con un número de individuos contabilizados en 2001 de 1064, divididos en 130 grupos. De estos, al menos el 60% son adultos, reflejando una escasez relativa de individuos jóvenes,[6] indicativa del declive poblacional producto de la degradación de su hábitat ocasionado por la actividad humana. Una pequeña población, fragmentada pero protegida, en una plantación de caucho en Kokrajhar, distrito de Assam, incrementó su población de 38 a 52 individuos entre 1997 y 2002. Esta población se adaptó para alimentarse de semillas secas de caucho.[10]
Los grupos más pequeños de langur dorado, se componen de cuatro individuos, mientras los más grandes cuentan hasta con veintidós integrantes, con un promedio de 8,2 animales.[6] La proporción entre adultos es de 2,3 hembras por cada macho, no obstante la mayoría de los grupos solo cuentan con un macho adulto.[6]
En 1988, dos grupos de langur dorado en cautiverio fueron liberados en áreas protegidas en la región occidental del estado de Tripura, India. Para el año 2000, uno de estos grupos, compuesto por seis (y posiblemente 8 ejemplares) animales en el Santuario de Vida Silvestre Sepahijala, aún sobrevivían.[11]
Se reconocen dos subespecies de langur dorado:[2]
El langur dorado (Trachypithecus geei) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en una pequeña región al occidente de la provincia de Assam, India, y en las laderas de las Montañas Negras de Bután. Es uno de los primates más amenazados de India. Considerado por mucho tiempo sagrado por los habitantes del Himalaya, el langur dorado fue descrito inicialmente por el naturalista Edward Pritchard Gee en la década de 1950. En una región de su distribución en Bután, está hibridado con el lutung de gorra (Trachypithecus pileatus).
Trachypithecus geei Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Indiako Mendebaldeko Assam eskualdean[1][2] eta Bhutaneko Mendi Beltzen magaletan bakarrik aurki daitezke[3][4]. Indiako primate espezieen artean desagertzeko arriskurik larrienean dagoena da[4]. Himalaian bizi diren herrientzat tximino sakratua da, eta Mendebaldean ez da ezaguna izan ahalik eta 1950eko hamarkadan Edward Pritchard Gee naturalistak aurkeztu zuen arte[5][6]. Bhutango zonalde batzuetan T. pileatusekin hibridatzen da[7].
Trachypithecus geei Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Indiako Mendebaldeko Assam eskualdean eta Bhutaneko Mendi Beltzen magaletan bakarrik aurki daitezke. Indiako primate espezieen artean desagertzeko arriskurik larrienean dagoena da. Himalaian bizi diren herrientzat tximino sakratua da, eta Mendebaldean ez da ezaguna izan ahalik eta 1950eko hamarkadan Edward Pritchard Gee naturalistak aurkeztu zuen arte. Bhutango zonalde batzuetan T. pileatusekin hibridatzen da.
Kultalanguri (Trachypithecus geei) on oranssinsävyinen häntäapina, jota tavataan vain pienellä alueella Himalajan juurella, etenkin Manasin kansallispuistossa Intian Assamissa. Sen asuinalue on pienentynyt yli 30% viimeisten 10 vuoden aikana.[1] Se on yksi Aasian uhanalaisimmista apinalajeista. Kultalangurit ovat kasvinsyöjiä, jotka syövät meheviä lehtiä, hedelmiä ja siemeniä. Ne elävät 2-12 yksilön laumoina metsissä ja ovat vilkkaimmillaan aamuisin ja iltaisin.[2]
Kultalanguri (Trachypithecus geei) on oranssinsävyinen häntäapina, jota tavataan vain pienellä alueella Himalajan juurella, etenkin Manasin kansallispuistossa Intian Assamissa. Sen asuinalue on pienentynyt yli 30% viimeisten 10 vuoden aikana. Se on yksi Aasian uhanalaisimmista apinalajeista. Kultalangurit ovat kasvinsyöjiä, jotka syövät meheviä lehtiä, hedelmiä ja siemeniä. Ne elävät 2-12 yksilön laumoina metsissä ja ovat vilkkaimmillaan aamuisin ja iltaisin.
Entelle doré, langur doré, Semnopithèque de Gee
L'entelle doré[1],[2],[3] ou langur doré[2], ou encore semnopithèque de Gee[3] (Trachypithecus geei) est une espèce qui fait partie des mammifères Primates. C'est un singe en danger de disparition de la famille des Cercopithecidae.
Le langur doré a une longueur de corps et tête de 49 cm, une queue de 71 cm et une masse de 10 kg[4].
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Cet entelle, très rare, ne se trouve plus que dans le nord-est de l'Inde à la frontière avec le Bhoutan.
Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (23 mars 2011)[5] :
Le langur doré est une des 21 espèces de primates d'Asie à avoir été incluse entre 2000 et 2020 dans la liste des 25 espèces de primates les plus menacées au monde (depuis 2016 : 2016 ; 2018).
Entelle doré, langur doré, Semnopithèque de Gee
L'entelle doré,, ou langur doré, ou encore semnopithèque de Gee (Trachypithecus geei) est une espèce qui fait partie des mammifères Primates. C'est un singe en danger de disparition de la famille des Cercopithecidae.
O langur dourado (Trachypithecus geei) é un primate da familia dos Cercopithecidae que se pode atopar no estado indio de Assam e nas Montañas Negras de Bután. Trátase da especie de primate máis ameazada da India a pesar de ser un animal sagrado para os habitantes do Himalaia.
O langur dourado caracterízase pola cor da súa pelaxe, que varía entre o dourado e o crema brillante. A súa face é completamente negra e ten unha cola longa de até 50 cm.
A súa área de distribución está moi restrinxida na actualidade; con só uns 100 km² limitados no sur polo río Brahmaputra, no leste polo río Manas, no oeste polo río Sankosh e no norte polas Montañas Negras de Bután. Crese que esta barreira bioxeográfica é a responsábel da orixe da especie a partir do seu parente máis próximo, o Trachypithecus pileatus.[1]
O número de individuos contabilizados en 2001 era de 1.064, que estaban divididos en 130 grupos. Destes, cando menos o 60% eran adultos, o que reflicte unha escaseza de individuos non maduros, sendo isto un indicador do declive poboacional da especie. A principal causa da súa desaparición e a degradación do seu hábitat pola actividade humana. Unha pequena poboación que se atopa nunha plantación de caucho en Kokrajhar, distrito de Assam, incrementou a súa poboación de 38 a 52 individuos entre 1997 e 2002. Esta poboación adaptouse para alimentarse de sementes secas das árbores de caucho.[2]
O langur dourado é un animal gregario que se relaciona en grupos de varios individuos. Os grupos teñen un termo medio de 8,2 animais e a proporción de adultos é de 2,3 femias por cada macho. Non obstante, a meirande parte dos grupos só teñen un macho adulto. Na maior parte do seu hábitat, o langur dourado atópase confinado ás árbores de máis altura, onde a súa cola lle permite abanearse entre as pólas. Aliméntase de froita, sementes, flores, gromos e follas verdes.
Distínguense dúas subespecies:
Langur dourado.
Langur dourado.
O langur dourado (Trachypithecus geei) é un primate da familia dos Cercopithecidae que se pode atopar no estado indio de Assam e nas Montañas Negras de Bután. Trátase da especie de primate máis ameazada da India a pesar de ser un animal sagrado para os habitantes do Himalaia.
Il presbite dorato di Gee (Trachypithecus geei), o semplicemente presbite dorato, è una scimmia del Vecchio Mondo diffusa in una piccola area dell'Assam Occidentale, in India, e nelle adiacenti colline ai piedi dei Monti Neri del Bhutan[3]. È una delle specie di primati più minacciate dell'India[3]. Ritenuto sacro a lungo da molte genti himalaiane, il presbite dorato venne portato per la prima volta all'attenzione della scienza dal naturalista E. P. Gee negli anni '50[4].
Il presbite dorato è noto soprattutto per la sua folta pelliccia che varia dal color oro al color crema brillante; la faccia è nera e la lunga coda può misurare fino a 50 cm di lunghezza. Per la maggior parte del tempo, questo langur resta confinato sulle cime degli alberi, utilizzando la lunga coda come bilanciere mentre salta da un ramo all'altro. Durante la stagione delle piogge ricava l'acqua necessaria dalla rugiada e dalle foglie. La sua dieta è erbivora e consiste di frutti sia maturi che acerbi, foglie mature e giovani, semi, boccioli e fiori.
Il suo areale è molto ristretto, essendo limitato a sud dal Brahmaputra, a est dal Manas, a ovest dal Sankosh, nell'Assam, in India, e a nord dai Monti Neri del Bhutan[3]. Si ritiene che queste barriere geografiche abbiano portato alla radiazione di questa specie a partire da una popolazione di presbiti dal ciuffo (Trachypithecus pileatus), strettamente imparentati con essa[5]. Vive generalmente in gruppi di circa 8 esemplari (ma talvolta anche di 50), formati da un maschio adulto e da alcune femmine. Il presbite dorato è attualmente minacciato: nel 2001 la popolazione totale indiana era di 1064 individui e la relativa scarsità di piccoli e giovani indica un notevole declino della popolazione, causato dalla distruzione dell'habitat in seguito alle attività umane[3]. Una popolazione frammentata, ma protetta, che vive in una piantagione di alberi della gomma a Nayakgaon, nel distretto di Kokrajhar, in Assam, è aumentata dai 38 esemplari del 1997 ai 52 del 2002. Questa popolazione si è inoltre adattata a nutrirsi dei frutti secchi degli alberi della gomma[6].
Si riconoscono due sottospecie di questo presbite:
Il presbite dorato di Gee (Trachypithecus geei), o semplicemente presbite dorato, è una scimmia del Vecchio Mondo diffusa in una piccola area dell'Assam Occidentale, in India, e nelle adiacenti colline ai piedi dei Monti Neri del Bhutan. È una delle specie di primati più minacciate dell'India. Ritenuto sacro a lungo da molte genti himalaiane, il presbite dorato venne portato per la prima volta all'attenzione della scienza dal naturalista E. P. Gee negli anni '50.
De gouden langoer (Trachypithecus geei) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae) en uit het geslacht Trachypithecus. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Khajuria in 1956.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
O langur-de-ouro (Trachypithecus geei), também conhecido como langur-dourado é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.[1][2]
O Mammal Species of the World reconhece duas subespécies de Trachypithecus geei:
Porém, ainda não são reconhecidas pela Lista vermelha da IUCN.[1]
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O langur-de-ouro (Trachypithecus geei), também conhecido como langur-dourado é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.
Gyllen langur eller gyllenbladapa[2] (Trachypithecus geei[3][4]) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Khajuria 1956. Trachypithecus geei ingår i släktet Trachypithecus och familjen markattartade apor.[5][6]
Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[5] Wilson & Reeder skiljer mellan två underarter.[7]
Denna primat förekommer i nordöstra Indien (Assam) och Bhutan. Arten vistas där i tropiska skogar som är städsegröna eller lövfällande.[8] Utbredningsområdet är bara cirka 30 000 km² stort och delat i flera mindre regioner på grund av skogsavverkningar.[1]
Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 49 till 72 cm och en svanslängd av 71 till 94 cm. Vikten är vanligen 9,5 till 12 kg. Trachypithecus geei har en orangebrun päls som ungdjur som senare blir gyllen till krämfärgade. Under den kalla årstiden får pälsen en röd skugga. För övrigt liknar djuret andra arter av samma släkte.[8]
Arten är aktiv på dagen, främst på morgonen och eftermiddagen. Oftast bildar en eller två hannar en flock med några honor och deras ungar. Gruppen har upp till 12 medlemmar. De klättrar vanligen i växtligheten och vistas sällan på marken. Parningen sker oftast i januari eller februari och efter sex månaders dräktighet föds ett ungdjur. Allmänt lämnar hannar flocken när de blir könsmogna.[8]
Det största hotet mot arten utgörs av habitatförändringar när skogar omvandlas till jordbruksmark och bostadsområden. Flera individer dödas av hundar eller när de rör vid kraftledningar. Jakt på arten är förbjuden men det finns fortfarande tjuvskyttar. De flera populationer är skild från varandra ökar inavel som resulterar i många döda ungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som starkt hotad.[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Gyllen langur.
Wikispecies har information om Trachypithecus geei.
Gyllen langur eller gyllenbladapa (Trachypithecus geei) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Khajuria 1956. Trachypithecus geei ingår i släktet Trachypithecus och familjen markattartade apor.
Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder skiljer mellan två underarter.
Довжина голови й тіла: 49-72 см, довжина хвоста: 71-94 см, вага 9,5-12 кг. Шерсть від золотого до кремово-білого кольору і набирає більш червонуватого відтінку в зимовий період. Низ світліший. Немовлята від оранжево-коричневого до сірого кольору. Тіло тонке, з довгими кінцівками і хвостом. Хвіст має китичку на кінці і помітно більший у самців. Самці також трохи крупніші. Темне обличчя оточене довгим волоссям, яке утворює типовий для роду пучок у верхній частині голови. Має багатокамерний шлунок для кращого використання рослинної їжі.
Країни проживання: Бутан; Індія (Ассам). Цей вид зустрічається у вологих вічнозелених, диптерокарпових, річкових і вологих листяних лісах, а іноді і в деградованих місцях проживання вторинного росту. Цей вид має значний діапазон у висоті, від близько рівня моря на півдні до більш 3000 м на півночі. Одна ізольована популяція знаходиться на каучуковій плантації, в провінції Ассама.
Дієта складається з молодих і зрілих листків, зрілих і незрілих плодів та насіння. У лісових фрагментах вони можуть залежати від с.г. культур, таких як тапіока, бетеля та гуава. Вид денний і деревний, лише зрідка спускається на землю. Групи від 2 до 12 осіб були виявлені, і вони, як правило, складаються з одного або двох дорослих самців з кількома самицями та їх потомством. Групи більш активні вранці та ввечері, відпочиваючи під час високої температури полудня. Як правило, сором'язливий вид, який уникає людей.
Після періоду вагітності близько 6 місяців, народжується одне маля; чоловіче потомство, як правило, розходиться з їх рідної групи. Шлюбний сезон триває у січні і лютому, потомство народжується в липні або серпні.
Через руйнування середовища проживання, популяції цього виду обмежуються фрагментованими лісовими місцями проживання. Занесений в Додаток I СІТЕС. Живе в кількох ПОТ.
Voọc vàng[3] (danh pháp hai phần: Trachypithecus geei) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Khajuria mô tả năm 1956.[2]
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Voọc vàng (danh pháp hai phần: Trachypithecus geei) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Khajuria mô tả năm 1956.
Trachypithecus geei (Khajuria, 1956)
Ареал
Золотой лангур[1] (лат. Trachypithecus geei) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. Видовое название дано в честь британского чайного плантатора и натуралиста Эдварда Причарда Ги (1904—1968)[2].
Длина тела золотого лангура составляет от 49 до 72 сантиметров, а длина хвоста от 71 до 94 сантиметров. Масса тела составляет от 9,5 до 12 кг. Окраска шерсти варьирует от кремового до золотисто-жёлтого цвета, приобретая зимой красноватый оттенок. Тёмная мордочка окаймлена длинными волосами, образующими на верхней стороне тела типичный для представителей рода хохол.
Вид распространён на западе индийского штата Ассам, а также в Бутане. Средой обитания вида являются тропические леса.
Приматы ведут дневной, древесный образ жизни, обитая в основном в верхних ярусах леса. Живут в группах от 2 до 12 животных, которые состоят из одного-двух самцов, нескольких самок и их совместного потомства. Участки отдельных групп могут перекрываться.
Питаются в основном листьями и фруктами. Как и другие тонкотелы, они имеют многокамерные желудки для более эффективного использования трудно перевариваемой растительной пищи.
Через шесть месяцев беременности обычно в июле или августе самка рожает одного детёныша.
Ареал вида мозаичный и значительно сокращён из-за вырубки леса. Уничтожение среды обитания является главной угрозой для вида. Часть местообитаний в настоящее время находится под охраной в Индии (например, Национальный парк Манас, Национальный парк Казиранга) и в Бутане (например, Национальный парк Манас, Национальный парк Джигме Сингье Вангчука, Заказник Пхибсу). МСОП характеризует вид как вымирающий.
Золотой лангур (лат. Trachypithecus geei) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. Видовое название дано в честь британского чайного плантатора и натуралиста Эдварда Причарда Ги (1904—1968).
金葉猴（学名：Trachypithecus geei）[2]，又名金色烏葉猴或黃冠葉猴，是印度阿薩姆邦及不丹黑山山腳一種舊世界猴。[3]牠們是印度其中一種最瀕危的靈長類。[3]一直以來，居於喜瑪拉雅山的人都指金葉猴很罕有，科學界最早是於1950年代知道牠們的存在。[4]
金葉猴有很多金色至鮮奶白色的毛，面部黑色，尾巴很長，達50厘米。牠們大部份時間都是在樹上，在跳躍時以尾巴來平衡身體。在雨季，牠們會喝葉子上的水。牠們主要是草食性的，吃果實、葉子、種子、芽及花朵。
金葉猴的分佈地很細小，南至雅魯藏布江，東至瑪納斯河，西至桑科希河，北至不丹的黑山。[3]這種天然屏障相信是導致從其近親戴帽葉猴演化的原因。[5]牠們群居，成員約有8隻，包括一隻雄猴及幾隻雌猴，最多的群族可以多達50隻。牠們正處於瀕危狀況，於2001年的數量只有1064隻，由於缺乏幼猴，估計牠們的數量仍在下降。[3]
|title=值左起第72位存在換行符 (帮助) 金葉猴（学名：Trachypithecus geei），又名金色烏葉猴或黃冠葉猴，是印度阿薩姆邦及不丹黑山山腳一種舊世界猴。牠們是印度其中一種最瀕危的靈長類。一直以來，居於喜瑪拉雅山的人都指金葉猴很罕有，科學界最早是於1950年代知道牠們的存在。
金葉猴有很多金色至鮮奶白色的毛，面部黑色，尾巴很長，達50厘米。牠們大部份時間都是在樹上，在跳躍時以尾巴來平衡身體。在雨季，牠們會喝葉子上的水。牠們主要是草食性的，吃果實、葉子、種子、芽及花朵。
金葉猴的分佈地很細小，南至雅魯藏布江，東至瑪納斯河，西至桑科希河，北至不丹的黑山。這種天然屏障相信是導致從其近親戴帽葉猴演化的原因。牠們群居，成員約有8隻，包括一隻雄猴及幾隻雌猴，最多的群族可以多達50隻。牠們正處於瀕危狀況，於2001年的數量只有1064隻，由於缺乏幼猴，估計牠們的數量仍在下降。
황금랑구르 (Trachypithecus geei)는 구세계원숭이의 일종이다. 인도 아삼 주 서부의 작은 지역과 부탄의 검은 산맥에 인접하는 산기슭의 작은 언덕에서 발견된다.[3] 인도에서 가장 멸종 위험이 높은 영장류의 하나이다.[3] 히말라야에 사는 사람들로부터 오랫동안 신성시되어 왔으며, 1950년대에 박물학자 에드워드 프리차드 지에 의해 과학적으로 처음 주의를 끌었다.[4]
황금랑구르는 선명한 황금빛부터 밝은 크림색의 머리털과, 검은 얼굴 그리고 50 cm에 이르는 매우 긴 꼬리가 있다. 대체로 이 랑구르는 높은 나무에서만 생활하며, 가지 사이를 건너뛸 때 긴 꼬리로 균형을 잡는다. 우기철 동안에는 나뭇잎에 흠뻑 젖은 이슬과 빗물에서 물을 얻는다. 먹이는 익은 과일과 생 과일, 어린잎과 다 자란 잎, 떡잎과 새싹, 꽃 등으로 이루어진 초본 식물이다.
분포 지역은 매우 좁아서, 인도 아삼 주 내의 남쪽으로 브라마푸트라 강, 동쪽으로 마나스 강, 서쪽으로 산코시(Sankosh) 강과 북쪽으로는 부탄의 블랙마운틴산맥으로 둘러싸인 제한된 지역(차크라실라 야생 보호 구역)에 분포한다.[3] 생물지리학적 방벽때문에, 밀접한 관계가 있는 도가머리랑구르 (Trachypithecus pileatus)로부터 종분화가 일어난 것으로 보인다.[5] 일반적으로 약 8마리씩(때로는 50마리가 되기도 한다.) 무리를 지어 생활하며, 이 집단은 한 마리의 수컷과 여러 마리의 암컷으로 이루어져 있다. 황금랑구르는 현재 멸종위기종으로, 2001년 개체수가 모두 1,064마리로 기록되었으며, 인간 활동의 영향으로 서식지가 줄어들고, 개체수의 감소를 보여주는 갓 태어난 새끼와 어린 새끼들의 부족이 나타나고 있다.[3] 그러나 일부 단편적으로, 아삼 주의 코크라자르 구, 나약가온의 고무나무 농장에서 보호되고 있는 개체수는 1997년 38마리에서 2002년에 52마리로 증가했다. 또한 마른 고무나무 씨앗에 의존해 산다.[6]
이 루뚱원숭이는 왕축(Wangchuk, 2002년)에 의해 제안된 2종의 아종이 알려져 있다.:
황금랑구르 (Trachypithecus geei)는 구세계원숭이의 일종이다. 인도 아삼 주 서부의 작은 지역과 부탄의 검은 산맥에 인접하는 산기슭의 작은 언덕에서 발견된다. 인도에서 가장 멸종 위험이 높은 영장류의 하나이다. 히말라야에 사는 사람들로부터 오랫동안 신성시되어 왔으며, 1950년대에 박물학자 에드워드 프리차드 지에 의해 과학적으로 처음 주의를 끌었다.
황금랑구르는 선명한 황금빛부터 밝은 크림색의 머리털과, 검은 얼굴 그리고 50 cm에 이르는 매우 긴 꼬리가 있다. 대체로 이 랑구르는 높은 나무에서만 생활하며, 가지 사이를 건너뛸 때 긴 꼬리로 균형을 잡는다. 우기철 동안에는 나뭇잎에 흠뻑 젖은 이슬과 빗물에서 물을 얻는다. 먹이는 익은 과일과 생 과일, 어린잎과 다 자란 잎, 떡잎과 새싹, 꽃 등으로 이루어진 초본 식물이다.
분포 지역은 매우 좁아서, 인도 아삼 주 내의 남쪽으로 브라마푸트라 강, 동쪽으로 마나스 강, 서쪽으로 산코시(Sankosh) 강과 북쪽으로는 부탄의 블랙마운틴산맥으로 둘러싸인 제한된 지역(차크라실라 야생 보호 구역)에 분포한다. 생물지리학적 방벽때문에, 밀접한 관계가 있는 도가머리랑구르 (Trachypithecus pileatus)로부터 종분화가 일어난 것으로 보인다. 일반적으로 약 8마리씩(때로는 50마리가 되기도 한다.) 무리를 지어 생활하며, 이 집단은 한 마리의 수컷과 여러 마리의 암컷으로 이루어져 있다. 황금랑구르는 현재 멸종위기종으로, 2001년 개체수가 모두 1,064마리로 기록되었으며, 인간 활동의 영향으로 서식지가 줄어들고, 개체수의 감소를 보여주는 갓 태어난 새끼와 어린 새끼들의 부족이 나타나고 있다. 그러나 일부 단편적으로, 아삼 주의 코크라자르 구, 나약가온의 고무나무 농장에서 보호되고 있는 개체수는 1997년 38마리에서 2002년에 52마리로 증가했다. 또한 마른 고무나무 씨앗에 의존해 산다.
이 루뚱원숭이는 왕축(Wangchuk, 2002년)에 의해 제안된 2종의 아종이 알려져 있다.:
Trachypithecus geei geei Trachypithecus geei bhutanensis