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Creatures » … » Mushrooms, Lichens, Molds, Yeasts And Relatives » … » Sac Fungi » … » Parmeliaceae » …

Shield Lichen

Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from A Global Information System for Lichenized and Non-Lichenized Ascomycetes (LIAS) in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Parmelia fraudans
Species recognized by wikipedia SV, Belarus Species List, Canada Species List, Finland Species List, Greenland Species List, Norway Species List, Russia Species List, Sweden Species List, Japan Species List, North Pacific Species List, wikipedia ET, NCBI, and United States Species List
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, GBIF classification, and GBIF national node type records Sweden
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.
Recognized by Arctic Lichens
Parmelia fraudans f. albidocinerea Räsänen
Form recognized by GBIF national node type records Sweden
Parmelia fraudans
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, USDA PLANTS images, wikipedia EN, iNaturalist data coverage, and Wikipedia (inferred records)
Parmelia fraudans
Recognized by European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and BHL data coverage
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.
Species recognized by iNaturalist, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, GBIF data coverage, Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3, and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Alternative Names

Parmelia fraudans f. fraudans
Doubtful according to GBIF classification (Possible variant of Parmelia fraudans subsp. fraudans)
Parmelia fraudans subsp. fraudans
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Parmelia fraudans f. albidocinerea Räsänen
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Parmelia fraudans f. arboricola Kosk
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Parmelia fraudans f. caesiopruinosa Lynge
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Parmelia fraudans subsp. subfraudans Zahlbr.
Doubtful according to GBIF classification

Common Names

English

shield lichen preferred
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images

Finnish

Kouruisokarve preferred
Recognized by admin

Curated hierarchies for Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Nucletmycea
Fungi
Dikarya
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. (this page)
Parmelia adaugescens Nyl.
Parmelia angustifolia (Asahina) Kurok.
Parmelia araucana Adler & Calvelo
Parmelia asiatica A. Crespo & Divakar
Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo
Parmelia cochleata Zahlbr.
Parmelia ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell
Parmelia eurycarpa J. Steiner & Zahlbr.
Parmelia fertilis Müll. Arg.
Parmelia hygrophila Goward & Ahti
Parmelia hygrophiloides Divakar, Upreti & Elix
Parmelia kerguelensis F. Wilson
Parmelia lindsayana Øvstedal & Elix
Parmelia marmariza Nyl.
Parmelia marmorophylla Kurok.
Parmelia mayi Divakar, A. Crespo & M. C. Molina
Parmelia meiophora Nyl.
Parmelia neodiscordans Hale
Parmelia niitakana Asahina
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
Parmelia protosignifera Elix & J. Johnst.
Parmelia pseudoshinanoana Asahina
Parmelia psoromoides Räsänen
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Parmelia serrana A. Crespo, M. C. Molina & D. Hawksw.
Parmelia shinanoana Zahlbr.
Parmelia skultii Hale
Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia subdivaricata Asahina
Parmelia submontana Nádv. ex Hale
Parmelia submutata Hue
Parmelia sulcata Taylor

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. (this page)
Parmelia adaugescens Nyl.
Parmelia angustifolia (Asahina) Kurok.
Parmelia araucana Adler & Calvelo
Parmelia asiatica A. Crespo & Divakar
Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo
Parmelia cochleata Zahlbr.
Parmelia ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell
Parmelia eurycarpa J. Steiner & Zahlbr.
Parmelia fertilis Müll. Arg.
Parmelia hygrophila Goward & Ahti
Parmelia hygrophiloides Divakar, Upreti & Elix
Parmelia marmariza Nyl.
Parmelia marmorophylla Kurok.
Parmelia mayi Divakar, A. Crespo & M. C. Molina
Parmelia meiophora Nyl.
Parmelia neodiscordans Hale
Parmelia niitakana Asahina
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
Parmelia protosignifera Elix & J. Johnst.
Parmelia pseudoshinanoana Asahina
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Parmelia serrana A. Crespo, M. C. Molina & D. Hawksw.
Parmelia shinanoana Zahlbr.
Parmelia skultii Hale
Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia subdivaricata Asahina
Parmelia submontana Nádv. ex Hale
Parmelia submutata Hue
Parmelia sulcata Taylor

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Nucletmycea
Fungi
Dikarya
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. (this page)
Parmelia adaugescens Nyl.
Parmelia angustifolia (Asahina) Kurok.
Parmelia araucana Adler & Calvelo
Parmelia asiatica A. Crespo & Divakar
Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo
Parmelia cochleata Zahlbr.
Parmelia ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell
Parmelia eurycarpa J. Steiner & Zahlbr.
Parmelia fertilis Müll. Arg.
Parmelia hygrophila Goward & Ahti
Parmelia hygrophiloides Divakar, Upreti & Elix
Parmelia kerguelensis F. Wilson
Parmelia lindsayana Øvstedal & Elix
Parmelia marmariza Nyl.
Parmelia marmorophylla Kurok.
Parmelia mayi Divakar, A. Crespo & M. C. Molina
Parmelia meiophora Nyl.
Parmelia neodiscordans Hale
Parmelia niitakana Asahina
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
Parmelia protosignifera Elix & J. Johnst.
Parmelia pseudoshinanoana Asahina
Parmelia psoromoides Räsänen
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Parmelia serrana A. Crespo, M. C. Molina & D. Hawksw.
Parmelia shinanoana Zahlbr.
Parmelia skultii Hale
Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia subdivaricata Asahina
Parmelia submontana Nádv. ex Hale
Parmelia submutata Hue
Parmelia sulcata Taylor

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. (this page)
Parmelia adaugescens Nyl.
Parmelia angustifolia (Asahina) Kurok.
Parmelia araucana Adler & Calvelo
Parmelia asiatica A. Crespo & Divakar
Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo
Parmelia cochleata Zahlbr.
Parmelia ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell
Parmelia eurycarpa J. Steiner & Zahlbr.
Parmelia fertilis Müll. Arg.
Parmelia hygrophila Goward & Ahti
Parmelia hygrophiloides Divakar, Upreti & Elix
Parmelia marmariza Nyl.
Parmelia marmorophylla Kurok.
Parmelia mayi Divakar, A. Crespo & M. C. Molina
Parmelia meiophora Nyl.
Parmelia neodiscordans Hale
Parmelia niitakana Asahina
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
Parmelia protosignifera Elix & J. Johnst.
Parmelia pseudoshinanoana Asahina
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Parmelia serrana A. Crespo, M. C. Molina & D. Hawksw.
Parmelia shinanoana Zahlbr.
Parmelia skultii Hale
Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia subdivaricata Asahina
Parmelia submontana Nádv. ex Hale
Parmelia submutata Hue
Parmelia sulcata Taylor

GBIF classification

Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia Ach.
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. (this page)
Parmelia adaugescens Nyl.
Parmelia aleurites Nyl.
Parmelia angustifolia (Asahina) Kurok.
Parmelia antarctica Bitter
Parmelia araucana Adler & Calvelo
Parmelia asiatica A. Crespo & Divakar
Parmelia balansae Müll. Arg.
Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo
Parmelia cetrata Ach.
Parmelia cheilea
Parmelia cochleata Zahlbr.
Parmelia conferenda
Parmelia conspicua Hue
Parmelia continua Lynge
Parmelia crocea (Lynge) Gyeln.
Parmelia crusta
Parmelia crystallorum Lynge
Parmelia dalmatina
Parmelia diploloma Mont.
Parmelia dubosquii
Parmelia ecuadoriensis R. Sant.
Parmelia ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell
Parmelia eurycarpa J. Steiner & Zahlbr.
Parmelia fatiscens Lynge
Parmelia fertilis Müll. Arg.
Parmelia flavomedullosum
Parmelia fragillima Hillmann
Parmelia haitiense
Parmelia heinari
Parmelia hieronymii
Parmelia homalotera Hue
Parmelia homogenes Nyl.
Parmelia hunanensis Zahlbr.
Parmelia hygrophila Goward & Ahti
Parmelia hygrophiloides Divakar, Upreti & Elix
Parmelia hypoconstictica
Parmelia hypotrypella Asahina
Parmelia imitans (Müll. Arg.) Gyeln.
Parmelia intensa Nyl.
Parmelia kauaiensis Zahlbr.
Parmelia kerguelensis F. Wilson
Parmelia kibobensis
Parmelia krogiae
Parmelia laceratula
Parmelia laevis
Parmelia laxifolia Hillmann
Parmelia leucoblephara C. W. Dodge & G. E. Baker
Parmelia leucomela
Parmelia lindsayana Øvstedal & Elix
Parmelia lithophilodes
Parmelia looseri Räsänen
Parmelia lusitanica
Parmelia madeirensis Tav.
Parmelia marmariza Nyl.
Parmelia marmorophylla Kurok.
Parmelia mauriensis Hue
Parmelia mayi Divakar, A. Crespo & M. C. Molina
Parmelia meiophora Nyl.
Parmelia mollis
Parmelia neodiscordans Hale
Parmelia neozelandica Zahlbr.
Parmelia niitakana Asahina
Parmelia nikkoensis Zahlbr.
Parmelia novae-hollandiae
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
Parmelia pachychroa
Parmelia pallescens
Parmelia pertransita
Parmelia praesquarrosa Kurok.
Parmelia protosignifera Elix & J. Johnst.
Parmelia protosulcata Hale
Parmelia pseudolaevis
Parmelia pseudophysodes Asahina
Parmelia pseudoshinanoana Asahina
Parmelia psoromoides Räsänen
Parmelia quartzitica Aptroot
Parmelia queenslandense
Parmelia ruderata Vain.
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Parmelia schindleri
Parmelia serrana A. Crespo, M. C. Molina & D. Hawksw.
Parmelia shinanoana Zahlbr.
Parmelia skultii Hale
Parmelia sophodes
Parmelia sorediaformis
Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia stevensiana
Parmelia striata Lynge
Parmelia subconspersa
Parmelia subdivaricata Asahina
Parmelia submontana Nádv. ex Hale
Parmelia submutata Hue
Parmelia substygia (Oxner) Divakar et al.
Parmelia sulcata Taylor
Parmelia tavaresii
Parmelia uyaensis
Parmelia velutinosa
Parmelia villardi
Parmelia wesselsii
Parmelia yuennana
34 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Fungi
Dikarya
Ascomycota
Pezizomycotina
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanoromycetidae
Lecanorales Nannf. 1932
Parmeliaceae Zenker 1827
Parmelia Ach.
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. (this page)
Parmelia fertilis
Parmelia hygrophila Goward & Ahti
Parmelia kerguelensis
Parmelia neodiscordans Hale
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Parmelia skultii Hale
Parmelia squarrosa
Parmelia sulcata Taylor

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Fungi
Dikarya
Ascomycota
saccharomyceta
Pezizomycotina
leotiomyceta
Lecanoromycetes
OSLEUM clade
Lecanoromycetidae
Lecanorales
Lecanorineae
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia
Parmelia fraudans (this page)
Parmelia adaugescens
Parmelia barrenoae
Parmelia cochleata
Parmelia discordans
Parmelia encryptata
Parmelia ernstiae
Parmelia erumpens
Parmelia fertilis
Parmelia homogenes
Parmelia hygrophila
Parmelia imbricaria
Parmelia lindmanii
Parmelia marmariza
Parmelia martinicana
Parmelia mayi
Parmelia omphalodes
Parmelia pinnatifida
Parmelia praesquarrosa
Parmelia pseudolaevior
Parmelia pseudotenuirima
Parmelia saxatilis
Parmelia serrana
Parmelia shinanoana
Parmelia skultii
Parmelia squarrosa
Parmelia subdivaricata
Parmelia submontana
Parmelia subtestacea
Parmelia sulcata
Parmelia sulymae
Parmelia tenuirima
unclassified Parmelia

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Fungi
Dikarya
Ascomycota
Pezizomycotina
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanoromycetidae
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia
Parmelia fraudans (this page)
Parmelia fraudans subsp. fraudans
Parmelia fraudans subsp. subfraudans
Parmelia adpressa
Parmelia ambigua
Parmelia amplectens
Parmelia angustata
Parmelia arseneana
Parmelia australasica
Parmelia austroafricana
Parmelia birulae
Parmelia brisbanensis
Parmelia callifolia
Parmelia campbellii
Parmelia caperatula
Parmelia capnoides
Parmelia cetrata
Parmelia cinerascens
Parmelia concors
Parmelia conferta
Parmelia confertula
Parmelia congruens
Parmelia coniocarpa
Parmelia conlabrosa
Parmelia conspersa
Parmelia constrictans
Parmelia convoluta
Parmelia crispa
Parmelia cyathina
Parmelia degelii
Parmelia delisei
Parmelia dissecta
Parmelia encrustans
Parmelia endococcinea
Parmelia erosa
Parmelia etheridgensis
Parmelia euplecta
Parmelia exoriens
Parmelia foliosa
Parmelia glomulifera
Parmelia gracilenta
Parmelia hospitans
Parmelia hypoclystoides
Parmelia hypoleuca
Parmelia hypoxantha
Parmelia inaequalis
Parmelia incisa
Parmelia insinuata
Parmelia interposita
Parmelia isabellina
Parmelia isidiosa
Parmelia jeleneckii
Parmelia labrosa
Parmelia laceratula
Parmelia laxa
Parmelia leptascea
Parmelia lesdainiana
Parmelia lusitaniensis
Parmelia macquariensis
Parmelia meizospora
Parmelia mitchellii
Parmelia molliuscula
Parmelia moniliformis
Parmelia multipartita
Parmelia neoquintaria
Parmelia nitescens
Parmelia novae-hollandiae
Parmelia obversa
Parmelia pertusa
Parmelia physodes
Parmelia placorhodioides
Parmelia plittii
Parmelia plumosa
Parmelia polyphylloides
Parmelia praetermissa
Parmelia protoisidiata
Parmelia protosorediata
Parmelia pseudocoralloidea
Parmelia pseudosorediosa
Parmelia pseudovirens
Parmelia pubescens
Parmelia pulla
Parmelia pulvinaris
Parmelia redacta
Parmelia refringens
Parmelia retipora
Parmelia rupestris
Parmelia samoensis
Parmelia scabropustulata
Parmelia schweinfurthii
Parmelia scortea
Parmelia semiviridis
Parmelia stellaris
Parmelia stenophylla
Parmelia stramineonitens
Parmelia subamphixantha
Parmelia subbrunnea
Parmelia subcaperatula
Parmelia subcrinita
Parmelia subdomokosii
Parmelia subexasperata
Parmelia subfuscescens
Parmelia subtilis
2163 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.
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