Lasioglossum coriaceum (Smith 1853)

Lasioglossum coriaceum (Smith)

Halictus coriaceus Smith, 1853:70 [female].—Provancher, 1882:199; 1883:699; 1888:316.—Robertson, 1894:435–480 [flower records].—Dalla Torre, 1896:59 [World catalog],—Cockerell, 1898c:50 [key, taxonomic notes]; 1905b:349 [taxonomic note].—Crawford, 1906:303 [taxonomic notes].—Graenicher, 1906:13 [flower record]; 1907:84–95 [flower records].—Lovell, 1908:34 [locality and flower records].—Graenicher, 1909:19–77 [flower records].—Brittain and Newton, 1933:344 [flower record]; 1934:262 [flower records].—Cockerell, 1949:446 [comparison to H. uyacensis].

Halictus subquadratus Smith, 1853:72 [male].

Halictus 6-cinctus Provancher, 1882:200 [male].

Halictus sexcinctus Provancher.—Dalla Torre, 1896:59 [emendation].

Halictus coniaceus.—Cockerell, 1918b:261 [lapsus calami].

Curtisapis coriacea Robertson, 1918:91 [key].—Reinhard, 1924:371 [predator, Philanthus gibbosus (Fabricius)].—Robertson, 1929 [flower records].

Lasioglossum coriaceum.—Robertson, 1902:247 [key].—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Evans and Lin, 1959:123, 130 [predator, Philanthus gibbosus].—Mitchell, 1960:338, 339, 341 [key, redescription].—Knerer and Atwood, 1962:163 [locality and flower records].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].—Eickwort, 1979:577 [mites].—Hurd et al., 1980:27, 65 [flower records].—Duffield et al., 1981:323 [Dufour's gland chemistry].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of Halictus coriaceus is labeled

Type H.T. [circular label with orange-red border]/B.M. TYPE HYM. 14.a.998/B.M. TYPE HYM. Halictus coriaceus Smith 1853 [handwritten]/coriaceus Sm.[Smith] Type [handwritten]/Ent. club 44–12.

The specimen is in poor condition, missing the front left wing, the front and middle legs on the left side as well as the last two tarsomeres of the hind left leg. The left hind wing is partially broken at the base. The holotype is in the British Museum (Natural History).

The male holotype of Halictus subquadratus, also in the British Museum, is missing both hind legs beyond the coxae and the distal three tarsomeres of the middle left leg. During shipment in November, 1983, the abdomen broke off behind the first metasomal segment and has been placed in a plastic genitalia capsule attached to the specimen pin. The specimen is labeled.

Type H.T. [circular label with orange-red border]/B.M. TYPE HYM. 17.a.1003/B.M. TYPE HYM. Halictus subquadratus Smith 1853 [handwritten]/subquadratus Sm.[Smith] (Type) [handwritten]/11 [illegible numbers] 490 [handwritten]/Ent. Club. 44 12.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 353).—Lasioglossum coriaceum is a very common eastern bee found from Cape Breton Island south to northern Georgia and west to Minnesota and eastern Kansas. Three isolated western records are one female from Glenboro, Manitoba (CNC), seven females from Pennington County, South Dakota (AMNH), and one female from Sioux County, Nebraska (University of Nebraska). Both nearctic catalogs incorrectly report this species as far west as Alberta and New Mexico; however, these western records are most likely based on misidentifications of L. forbesii (sensu lato) and L. trizonatum (sensu lato). One male in the USNM labeled “Florida” (no additional data) may be mislabeled.

DIAGNOSIS.—The female of Lasioglossum coriaceum can be distinguished from all other known New World Lasioglossum by the acarinarium on the first metasomal tergum, which is completely enclosed by a circular fringe of elongate hairs (Figure 72). All other species having acarinaria have a dorsal acarinarial opening that is narrow (Figure 408) to very wide (Figure 393). The acarinarium of L. acuminatum is most similar to that of L. coriaceum in being nearly completely enclosed by fringe hairs, but even here there is a very narrow dorsal opening (Figure 407). Another highly diagnostic feature of L. coriaceum is the very low mesoscutal anterior edge, which is only slightly elevated from the pronotum (as in Figure 87; compare to Figure 90). The only other species having a low mesocutal edge is L. transvorsum, a Mexican species that differs from L. coriaceum in having a densely granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 649) and by lacking an acarinarium. Other helpful characters for recognizing L. coriaceum females are the smooth posterior half of the dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 358) and the strongly sinuate lateral edge of the second metasomal tergum (Figure 64; a similar tergal edge is found only in L. anhypops and L. trizonatum from the western United States).

The anterior mesoscutal edge in male L. coriaceum is flush with the pronotum and not even slightly raised as in the females. In addition, the males have subquadrate heads with strongly produced genae and extremely elongate mandibles that reach the opposing mandibular bases. In the eastern United States only the male of L. acuminatum has similar elongate mandibles that are slightly shorter than those of L. coriaceum, reaching just short of the opposing mandibular bases. However, Lasioglossum acuminatum has an elevated mesoscutal edge and yellow tarsi (tarsi dark, concolorous with the tibiae in L. coriaceum).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.3–11.2 mm (x = 9.8, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.7–3.1 mm (x = 2.9, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 2.6–3.5 mm (x = 3.0, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 354); length/width ratio 0.89–1.0, x = 0.94, n = 34. (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus strongly projecting below lower margin of eyes by approximately 0.86 of its length; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 356; (27) distal keel moderately broad in frontal view, slightly wider basally; (28) distal lateral projections moderately well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse; (33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) very weakly elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.89 the length of scutellum and about 1.7 times the length of metanotum, (41) not noticeably depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, median portion not elevated, lateral rims absent; (44) lateral carinae extending at most to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 27.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very strongly sinuate (Figure 64).

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area polished, (51) punctures separated by their width laterally, separated by 2–4 times their width centrally. (53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed, separated by their width or less along basal edge, becoming sparse centrally, separated by 1–2 times their width, apical edge and apicolateral areas largely impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum dull (57) punctation as in Figure 359, punctures variable in size, not distinctly doubly-punctate; punctures separated by their width laterally, becoming less dense anteriorly and centrally, punctures separated by 1–4 times their width. (58) Scutellum sparsely punctate adjacent to median line, punctures separated by 2–3 times their width. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum incompletely striolate, striae reaching posterior surface laterally, confined to basal one-third medially (Figure 358); (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane light yellowish brown, somewhat clearer towards apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly pale yellowish brown, white on pronotal lateral angle, pronotal lobe, and metanotum; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, yellowish brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I pale yellowish brown, (79) basal hair bands of terga II–IV white. (80) Acarinarium present (Figure 72), a relatively small circular, glabrous area at base of tergum I, completely encircled by elongate fringe hairs, dorsal opening of acarinarium absent.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1) length 6.8–9.8 mm (x = 8.1, n = 20); (2) wing length 1.8–2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.8–2.8 mm (x = 2.1, n = 20). (4) Head as in Figure 355 (length/width ratio 0.83–0.96, x = 0.93, n = 20). (5) Gena wider than eye, (6) strongly produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 357; (24) distal process present, developed as a flat, acute projection; (25) basal area weakly depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible extremely elongate, reaching opposing mandibular base. (53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed and dense basally, very fine and scattered over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present (Figure 355). (69) Flagellum entirely dark or with ventral surface slightly paler than dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV erect, elongate, longer at midline than laterally; (83) sternum V with relatively inconspicuous median rosette of short erect hairs, posterior edge of sternum with short, broadly rounded, adpressed hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII–VIII as in Figure 363; (85) sternum VIII with short, narrowly rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures 360–362; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately broad basally, gradually tapering to acute apex; (89) retrorse membranous lobe moderately broad; (90) volsella with very prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 364).—Lasioglossum coriaceum females have been collected from the second half of March through early October, with most records from late June. Virtually all male records are from July through October. Unusual records are as follows: one male from Rockville, Pennsylvania, 25 May 1910; one male from Dorset, Ontario, 21 May 1961; two in June (Mattituck, New York, 4 Jun 1934; Hemmingford, Quebec, 24 Jun 1916) and one in November (Great Falls, Virginia, 10–18 Nov 1978). In the northern part of the species distribution-range, male records peak in early September, whereas males to the south peak in the second half of August.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Floral data indicates that L. coriaceum is broadly polylectic. Hurd et al. (1980) have reported this species as being a “casual polylege” of Helianthus. The 332 females examined in this study that had associated floral data were taken nearly equally from flowers of the Compositae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, and Rosaceae. These four families accounted for 71% of all female flower records; 46 females were noted to have full to nearly full pollen loads and these were taken from flowers representing six families.

Summary: Females (332): Rosaceae 22%; Compositae 17%; Cruciferae 16%; Leguminosae 15%. Males (71): Compositae 80%; Rosaceae 10%. Total: 403 in 30 families, 69 genera as follows:

Alliaria 2 Allionia 11 Althaea 1, Amelanchier 2 Amorpha 1 Anaphalis 1 Angelica 1 Apocynum 3 Arctium 1 Asparagus 1 Aster 6, 11 * Barbarea 37(11) * Brassica 13(2) Camassia 1 Campanula 2 Capsella 1 Castanta 1 Ceanothus 5 Cichorium 3 Cirsium 1 Cornus 2 Crataegus 1 Daucus 1 * Echium 5(3) Erigeron 3 2 Eryngium 1 Eupatorium 2 Forsythia 1 Geranium 3 Helianthus 2 1 Hieracium 8 * Houstonia 2(2) * Hydrangea 1(1) Hydrophyllum 1 Leontodon 2 Lonicera 1 Malva 1 Medicago 3 1 Melilotus 41, 2 * Pastinaca 1(1) Pentstemon 1 Philadelphus 3 Phlox 1 Physocarpus 1 Polemonium 3 Polygonum 1 * Potentilla 19(13) Prunus 6 Pyrus 10 7 Ranunculus 2 * Rhus 13(5) * Rosa 19(2) *Rubus 15(5) Rudbeckia 3 3 Salix 9 Saliva 1 Solidago 15, 37 Sonchus 4, 1 Sorbaria 2 Spirea 5 * Taraxacum 6(1) * Trifolium 6(1) Tussilago 3 Vaccinium 4 Veronica 2 Veronicastrum 1 Viburnum 3 Viola 3 Zizia 2.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Of the 1786 females examined, 1356 (76%) had hypopodes in their acarinaria. This is in general agreement with Eickwort's (1979) estimate that “85% of museum specimens bear anoetid hypopodes.” Two hundred eighty-three (43%) of the 656 males examined carried hypopodes on their ventral surface, usually from the venter of the thorax to the front coxae and genae (rarely on the mandibles).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—2442 (1786, 656).

CANADA. MANITOBA: Glenboro. NEW BRUNSWICK: Albert Mines, 5 mi W, Fredericton, Kouchibouguac, Moore's Milles, Nerepis, St. Andrews, 15 mi N. NOVA SCOTIA: Ann Co.: Baddeck (Cape Breton Island); Digby Co.; Hants Co.: Kentville; Kings Co.: Smith's Cove. ONTARIO: Carleton Co.; Dufferin Co.; Elgin Co.; Essex Co.; Frontenac Co.; Grenville Co.; Haliburton Co.; Hastings Co.; Kent Co.; Lanark Co.; Leeds Co.; Middlesex Co.; Muskoka District: Severn Bridge; Parry Sound District: Callender; Peterbourough Co.; Simcoe Co.; Sudbury District: Peach Lake; Renfrew Co.; York Co. QUEBEC: Aylmer, Chelsea, Covey Hill, Ft. Coulonge, Harrington Lake, Hemmingford, Hull, Ile Perrot, Kirk's Ferry, LaTrappe, Montreal, St. Johns, Ste. Annes, Rupert.

UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT: Fairfield Co.; Hartford Co.; Litchfield Co.; New London Co.; Tolland Co. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington D.C. FLORIDA: (?) no other data (1, USNM). GEORGIA: Fannin Co.; Lumpkin Co.; Towns Co.: Blue Mt., Rocky Mt.; Union Co.: Levelland Mt.; White Co.: Tray Mt. ILLINOIS: Champaign Co.; Coles Co.; Cook Co.; Jo Davies Co.; Kane Co.; Lake Co.; La Salle Co.; McDonough Co.; McHenry Co.; McLean Co.; Ogle Co.; Peoria Co.; Piatt Co.; Rock Island Co.; Vermilion Co.; Whiteside Co.; Will Co.; Woodford Co. INDIANA: Clark Co.; Crawford Co.; Dearborn Co.; Gibson Co.; Harrison Co.; Howard Co.; Knox Co.; Kosciusko Co.; Parke Co.; Ripley Co.; Tippecanoe Co.; Warren Co.; Wayne Co. IOWA: Boone Co.; Dickinson Co.; Dubuque Co.; Fayette Co.; Fremont Co.; Iowa Co.; Page Co.; Story Co.; Webster Co.; Woodbury Co.; Wright Co. KANSAS: Anderson Co.: Garnett; Douglas Co.; Marshall Co.: Blue Rapids, Maryville; Riley Co.: Manhattan. MAINE: Aroostock Co.: Washburn; Cumberland Co.; Franklin Co.; Lincoln Co.; Oxford Co.; Penobscot Co.; Waldo Co.; Washington Co.: Princeton; York Co.

MARYLAND: Baltimore Co.; Prince Georges Co.; Montgomery Co. MASSACHUSETTS: all counties except Hampden and Berkshire. MICHIGAN: Allegan Co.; Baraga Co.; Bay Co.; Berrien Co.; Branch Co.; Cheboygan Co.; Chippewa Co.; Clare Co.; Clinton Co.; Crawford Co.; Eaton Co.; Emmet Co.; Gladwin Co.; Gratiot Co.; Hillsdale Co.; Houghton Co.; Ingham Co.; Ionia Co.; Kalamazoo Co.; Kalkaska Co.; Lake Co.; Lenawee Co.; Livingston Co.; Mackinac Co.; Manistee Co.; Marquette Co.; Mecosta Co.; Midland Co.; Missaukee Co.; Monroe Co.; Oakland Co.; Presque Isle Co.; Roscommon Co.; Saginaw Co.; St. Joseph Co.; Schoolcraft Co.; Van Buren Co.; Washtenaw Co.; Wayne Co. MINNESOTA: Aitkin Co.; Anoka Co.; Becker Co.; Carlton Co.; Carver Co.; Chisago Co.; Clay Co.; Clearwater Co.; Dakota Co.; Fairbault Co.; Fillmore Co.; Freeborn Co.; Hennepin Co.; Houston Co.; Itasca Co.; Jackson Co.; Marshall Co.; Mille Lacs Co.; Murray Co.; Norman Co.; Olmsted Co.; Pine Co.; Pipestone Co.; Ramsey Co.; Rock Co.; St. Louis Co.; Stearns Co.; Steele Co.; Wabasha Co.; Wright Co. MISSOURI: Franklin Co.: unspecified locality; Pike Co.: Louisiana. NEBRASKA: Cuming Co.: West Point; Douglas Co.: Omaha; Lancaster Co.: Lincoln; Sioux Co.: War Bonnet.

NEW HAMPSHIRE: all counties except Rockingham and Sullivan. NEW JERSEY: Bergen Co.; Morris Co.: Lake Hopatcong; Union Co.: Plainfield. NEW YORK: Albany Co.; Bronx Co.; Broome Co.; Cattaraugus Co.; Cayuga Co.; Columbia Co.; Dutchess Co.; Erie Co.; Essex Co.; Genesee Co.; Greene Co.; Herkimer Co.; Kings Co.; Madison Co.; Monroe Co.; Nassau Co.; Niagara Co.; Onondaga Co.; Ontario Co.; Orange Co.; Oswego Co.; Otsego Co.; Rensselaer Co.; St. Lawrence Co.; Saratoga Co.; Schoharie Co.; Schuyler Co.; Seneca Co.; Suffolk Co.; Sullivan Co.; Tioga Co.; Tompkins Co.; Ulster Co.; Warren Co.; Westchester Co. NORTH CAROLINA: Buncombe Co.: Black Mts.; Graham Co.: Robbinsville; Haywood Co.: Eagle's Nest Mt., N of Hazelwood; Jackson Co.: Willets; Macon Co.: Highlands, Van Hook Glade; Swain Co.; Yancey Co. NORTH DAKOTA: Cass Co.: Fargo. OHIO: Ashtabula Co.; Butler Co.; Champaign Co.; Clark Co.; Cuyahoga Co.; Delaware Co.; Fairfield Co.; Franklin Co.; Greene Co.; Hamilton Co.; Hocking Co.; Jackson Co.; Lawrence Co.; Lucas Co.; Miami Co.; Ottawa Co.; Portage Co.; Ross Co.; Scioto Co.; Stark Co.; Summit Co.; Vinton Co. PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co.; Beaver Co.; Butler Co.; Centre Co.; Crawford Co.; Cumberland Co.; Dauphin Co.; Delaware Co.; Erie Co.; Fayette Co.; Lehigh Co.; Northumberland Co.; Pike Co.; Union Co.; Westmoreland Co.; York Co.

RHODE ISLAND: Washington Co.: Davisville. SOUTH DAKOTA: Pennington Co.: Spring Creek Camp (11 mi NE Hill City). TENNESSEE: Campbell Co.: Caryville, 4 mi W; Morgan Co.: Morgan State Forest (4 mi N Petros); Union Co.: LaFolette, 11 mi SE. VERMONT: Addison Co.; Bennington Co.; Chittenden Co.; Franklin Co.; Windham Co.; Windsor Co. VIRGINIA: Arlington Co.; Bedford Co.: Flat Top Mt.; Clarke Co.: Shenandoah River at Berrys; Fairfax Co.; Giles Co.: Mt. Lake Biological Station; Montgomery Co.; Prince Edward Co.: Farmville. WEST VIRGINIA: Brooke Co.: Chester; Hardy Co.: Lost River State Park; Raleigh Co.: unspecified locality; Tucker Co.: Davis, Parsons; Wyoming Co.: Baileysville. WISCONSIN: Bayfield Co.; Burnett Co.; Clark Co.; Columbia Co.; Dane Co.; Dodge Co.; Door Co.; Douglas Co.; Dunn Co.; Fond du Lac Co.; Grant Co.; Jefferson Co.; Manitowoc Co.; Marathon Co.; Milwaukee Co.; Pierce Co.; Polk Co.; Racine Co.; Rock Co.; St. Croix Co.; Sauk Co.; Shawano Co.; Trempealeau Co.; Vernon Co.; Waukesha Co.; Waupaca Co.; Waushara Co.; Winnebago Co.

Lasioglossum coriaceum is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae. A common name is leathery sweat bee.