The Sternorrhyncha[1][2][3] suborder of the Hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the now-obsolete order "Homoptera". "Sternorrhyncha" refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head.
Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders (phytophagous), and many are major crop and ornamental pests.
Many exhibit modified morphology and/or life cycles, including phenomena such as flightless morphs, parthenogenesis, sexual dimorphism, and eusociality.
The phylogeny of the extant Sternorrhyncha, inferred from analysis of small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA, is shown in the cladogram.[4]
SternorrhynchaPsylloidea (jumping plant lice, etc.)
Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies)
Coccoidea (scale insects)
Phylloxeroidea (phylloxera bugs)
Aphididae (aphids)
The evolutionary position of several fossil taxa are unclear. A suggested phylogeny is:[5][6]
Well-known groups in the Sternorrhyncha include:
The Sternorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the now-obsolete order "Homoptera". "Sternorrhyncha" refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head.
Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders (phytophagous), and many are major crop and ornamental pests.
Many exhibit modified morphology and/or life cycles, including phenomena such as flightless morphs, parthenogenesis, sexual dimorphism, and eusociality.
Sternorrhyncha (les sternorrhynches ou sternorrhynques en français) est un sous-ordre d'insectes hémiptères caractérisé par la présence d'un rostre à insertion postérieure. On y trouve notamment les cochenilles.
Un rostre est présent entre les coxa antérieures. Les ailes sont repliées en toit au repos. Les nervures des ailes sont simples (radius, media et cubitus basal fusionnés ; clavus avec max. une nervure anale). Les tarsomères sont réduits à un maximum de 2. Tegma est aussi sclérifié que les alae[réf. nécessaire].
Selon ITIS (8 avril 2018)[1] :
Selon BioLib (8 avril 2018)[3] :
Sternorrhyncha (les sternorrhynches ou sternorrhynques en français) est un sous-ordre d'insectes hémiptères caractérisé par la présence d'un rostre à insertion postérieure. On y trouve notamment les cochenilles.
진딧물아목 또는 깍지벌레아목, 복문아목(腹吻亞目 Sternorrhyncha)은 노린재목의 한 아목으로, 진딧물, 깍지벌레 종류가 이에 속한다. 머리 중에서 입 부분이 뒷쪽에 있다. 전 세계에 분포하는 초식성 곤충으로, 대부분이 농업·원예 작물을 해치는 해충이다.