dcsimg

Comments

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This species is widely distributed in the N temperate zone and has a great morphological variation. The varieties described by various authors are difficult to distinguish, owing to the presence of intermediate forms, and are all reduced to synonymy for the time being in this account.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 360 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Description

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Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown or purple-brown, terete, slightly curved, glabrous; prickles sparse to dense, terete, straight, to 4 mm, fine, evenly tapering to small base. Leaves including petiole 7–14 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts broadly ovate, abaxially pubescent, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubescent, glandular-pubescent, and sparsely prickly; leaflets 3–7, broadly elliptic or oblong, 1.5–5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, with prominent midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, with slightly concave midvein and lateral veins, base subrounded, rarely broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate or inconspicuously doubly serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3.5 cm, densely glandular-pubescent; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular serrate or incised, apex acuminate or caudate. Hypanthium ellipsoid, usually glabrous, rarely glandular-pubescent. Sepals 5, lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially pubescent, glandular, and sparsely bristly, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire. Petals 5, pink, rarely white, fragrant, obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip red, pyriform, long ellipsoid, or obovoid, 1–1.5 cm in diam., with a distinct neck, shiny, glabrous or rarely slightly glandular, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28, 56.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 360 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Distribution

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Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; N Europe, North America].
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 360 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
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partner site
eFloras

Habitat

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Betula forests, scrub, sunny slopes, roadsides; 400--1800 m.
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 360 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
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eFloras

Synonym

provided by eFloras
Rosa acicularis var. albiflora X. Lin & Y. L. Lin; R. acicularis var. glandulifolia Y. B. Chang; R. acicularis var. glandulosa Liou; R. acicularis var. gmelinii (Bunge) C. A. Meyer; R. acicularis var. pubescens Liou; R. acicularis var. setacea Liou; R. fauriei H. Léveillé; R. gmelinii Bunge; R. granulosa Keller; R. korsakoviensis H. Léveillé.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 360 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Common Names

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
prickly rose
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value

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More info for the term: cover

Thickets of wild rose provide excellent nesting sites and protective
cover for birds, as well as shelter for small mammals [49,74]. In
Montana, prickly rose is estimated to provide good thermal and feeding
cover for mule deer and white-tailed deer and fair cover for elk, upland
game birds, and small birds and mammals [31].
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cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: achene, fruit, shrub

Prickly rose plants are quite variable in morphological details
including pubescence, glandularity, and fruit shape [87]. Prickly rose
is a deciduous shrub about 4 feet (1.2 m) in height with many fine roots
in the top 8 inches (20 cm) of soil. Deep roots may extend to 55 inches
(140 cm) [73]. The main stems are usually covered with slender,
straight bristles or prickles. The alternate leaves are pinnately
compound with five to nine leaflets and conspicuous stipules [28,72].
The pink or rose-colored flowers have numerous stamens and are borne
singly on lateral branches. The globose, fleshy, red or orange-red hip
has 10 to 30 achenes. Each achene is 0.15 to 0.2 inch (3.8-5 mm) long
with stiff hairs along one side [28,37,72].

Information about subspecies (varieties) is summarized below [72,87]:

Subspecies (variety) acicularis is octoploid (2n = 56). It has
glandular pedicels and narrow sepals (less than 0.1 inch or 3 mm). Its
leaves have five leaflets.

Subspecies sayi (variety bourgeauiana) is hexaploid (2n = 42). Its
pedicels are glabrous and the sepals are wider than 0.1 inch (3 mm).
There are five to nine leaflets in each leaf.
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: forest

Prickly rose is circumpolar in the boreal forest region. It grows from
Alaska to Quebec and New England [72]. On the West Coast, its range
extends as far south as British Columbia. It is found in Montana,
Wyoming, Colorado, and northern New Mexico in the Rocky Mountains, and
in North and South Dakota in the northern Great Plains [28,32,37,72].
It grows in the Lake States of Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, with
outlying populations as far south as Iowa and northwestern Illinois
[68].

Subspecies acicularis is primarily Eurasian but extends into Alaska;
subspecies sayi is American [28,69,72,87].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: fire regime

Wild roses are moderately fire resistant [36]. Prickly rose can sprout
from the base of fire-killed aerial stems or from rhizomes [55,56].
Because rhizomes are located in mineral soil, prickly rose is well
adapted for sprouting after fire [10]. Although prickly rose recovery
following fire is primarily vegetative, roses germinate from on-site and
off-site seeds as well [1,36]. Prickly rose seeds are fire resistant,
and germination may be stimulated by fire [55,56,85].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Clearcutting followed by slashburning was sufficiently severe to sharply
reduce prickly rose survivors in Alaskan white spruce stands. Since at
least some rhizomes in mineral soil survived, it was able to recover,
although more slowly than following clearcutting alone [21]. Prickly
rose sprouts after fire in black spruce, but it is not competitive with
black spruce [12].
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: forest, hardwood, mesic, soil moisture regimes

Prickly rose is a characteristic species of boreal forests under white
spruce and relatively open black spruce. It is very common in northern
hardwood forests composed of paper birch (Betula papyrifera), aspen
(Populus tremuloides), and cottonwood (Populus spp.), and in
transitional zones between birch and spruce forest. It is less frequent
in closed black spruce forests [9].

In the northern Great Plains and Alberta, it is found on wooded
hillsides, along streambanks, and on rocky bluffs and ledges [28,72,90].
Near the Great Lakes, prickly rose is found on sandy and gravelly
shores, and sandy woodlands with jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and oak
(Quercus spp.). It also grows on rocky ridges and shores, in moist
thickets, in swamps, and in openings in conifer forests [87]. Prickly
rose grows on active floodplains [26,54,76,81,90].

In Alaska, prickly rose is common with aspen in old burns and is found
in thickets, alongside roads, and in bogs [84].

Soil relationships: In interior Alaska and on the Saskatchewan and
MacKenzie river deltas, prickly rose does best on soils based on
alluvium that may be seasonally flooded. However, it does not do well
on peats or in basins with restricted drainage [18,20,57]. From
British Columbia to Manitoba prickly rose does well on a variety of soil
textures and soil moisture regimes and it has good drought tolerance
[14,64,90]. In Alberta, prickly rose does not seem to grow on the
poorest sites, although in Alaska it grows on gravels that are low in
nutrients and susceptible to rapid freezing and thawing [14,90]. In
British Columbia subboreal spruce stands, prickly rose is characteristic
of mesic and mesotrophic sites on both fine and coarse textured soils
[42,61]. A Minnesota report describes it as growing on sites that range
from poor and dry to moderate [5].


Elevation: Elevational ranges in some western regions are [14,19]:

Minimum Maximum
feet meters feet meters

Alberta 1,650 500 6,550 2,000
Colorado 4,500 1,372 10,900 3,322
Montana 3,300 1,006 9,000 2,743
Wyoming 5,000 1,524 10,900 3,322
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
12 Black spruce
16 Aspen
18 Paper birch
21 Eastern white pine
26 Sugar maple - basswood
107 White spruce
201 White spruce
202 White spruce - paper birch
203 Balsam poplar
204 Black spruce
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
210 Interior Douglas-fir
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
219 Limber pine
227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
237 Interior ponderosa pine
251 White spruce - aspen
252 Paper birch
253 Black spruce - white spruce
254 Black spruce - paper birch
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: forest

K008 Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: rhizome

Fire usually kills aboveground parts of prickly rose. Severe fires
that remove organic soil horizons kill shallow rhizomes or portions of
rhizomes, leaving alive only those rhizome portions growing in mineral
soil.
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Prickly rose is an important food source for grouse, snowshoe hares, and
microtine rodents [17]. In Alaska, snowshoe hares browse on prickly
rose all year, but use is particularly heavy in summer [82,92]. In
Colorado, prickly rose is an important food item for mule deer which eat
twigs and foliage in summer and fall [88,89]. In Montana, browsing by
mule deer is greatest in fall and winter [97]. White-tailed deer browse
on wild roses (Rosa spp.) as do pronghorn, elk, moose, and mountain
sheep [49,59]. Black bear and grizzly bear eat prickly rose hips
(fruits) in fall [35,48]. Wild rose hips are eaten by songbirds and
small mammals; upland gamebirds eat buds as well as hips. Larger
fur-bearing mammals such as bears, rabbits, and beaver eat hips, stems,
and foliage of roses [49].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: forest, hardwood, taiga

Prickly rose is a characteristic species of boreal forests under white
spruce (Picea glauca) and relatively open black spruce (P. mariana). It
is very common in northern hardwood forests composed of paper birch
(Betula papyrifera), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), and
cottonwood (Populus spp.), and in transitional zones between birch and
spruce forest [9]. It is less frequent in closed black spruce forests
[9].

At treeline in northern Alaska it is found with willows (Salix spp.),
alder (Alnus spp.), highbush cranberry (Viburnum edule), and herbs [79].
In British Columbia it is characteristic of boreal white spruce and
black spruce stands and also subboreal spruce (Picea glauca x
engelmannii) stands [42,61].

From Alaska south through Alberta into northern Montana, prickly rose is
common in quaking aspen parkland and extends into grasslands [3,16,46].
It also grows in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), white spruce, and
lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands in Alberta [13] and in black
cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) groves in northern Montana [46]. It
grows in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), subalpine fir (Abies
lasiocarpa), lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
stands in the northern Rocky Mountains [15,63,70], and with ponderosa
pine (Pinus ponderosa) and quaking aspen in the Bighorn Mountains of
Wyoming and the Black Hills of South Dakota [39,40,71]. In southern
Wyoming, it is only found with ponderosa pine [2].

Classifications listing prickly rose as an indicator or plant community
dominant are presented below:

Forest community types of west-central Alberta in relation to selected
environmental factors [13]
Classification, description, and dynamics of plant communities after
fire in the taiga of interior Alaska [25]
Ecosystem classification and interpretation of the sub-boreal spruce
zone, Prince Rupert Forest Region, British Columbia [61]
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: shrub

Shrub
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: cover, frequency

Prickly rose will sprout from the rhizomes if cut [90]. Data from
shelterwood and clearcutting in Alaskan white spruce indicates that
although prickly rose cover is initially reduced by management
practices, it recovers rapidly. On these sites it became a dominant,
reaching or exceeding prelogging cover and frequency values, within 2
years. There was less of an initial reduction following shelterwood
cuttings than clearcutting [21]. In Colorado prickly rose frequency
increases following logging [89].

A mixture of picloram and 2,4-D effectively controlled prickly rose
regrowth following conversion of aspen parkland in Saskatchewan to
seeded grasses. A mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was less successful at
controlling prickly rose and a mixture of 2,4-D with dicamba was
intermediate [8].

Prickly rose is susceptible to leaf rusts, leaf spots, powdery mildew,
stem canker, and crown gall [90]. Prickly rose foliage is very
sensitive to fumigation by sulfur dioxide [38].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Hips of prickly rose are high in vitamin A and are a winter source
of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) [33,84,90]. Rose hips are highly
digestible and moderately high in crude protein. Wild rose is excellent
summer browse for big game and livestock, but its protein content
decreases once leaves are shed [24]. In Montana the energy and protein
values of prickly rose are estimated to be poor [31]. Browse samples
from Northwest Territories had an ash content of 4.7 percent [90].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AK CO CT IL IA ME MA MI MN MT
NH NM VT WY AB BC MB ON PQ SK
YT
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: fruit

Prickly rose bushes make attractive ornamentals but need careful pruning
[84]. In Alaska, prickly rose flowers are a major source of nectar for
bees kept by beekeepers [60]. Juice is extracted from the hips by
boiling and used to make jellies and syrups. Pulp from the hips, after
seeds and skins are removed, is used to make jams, marmalades, and
catsup [33,84]. Other juice or fruit is sometimes added for flavoring.
Rose hips may be preserved by drying and then ground into a powder that
may be added to baked goods [33]. Green hips can be peeled and cooked,
and young shoots have been eaten as a potherb. Leaves, flowers, and
buds can be used to make tea; teas made from flowers and buds may
relieve diarrhea [33,34,51]. Flower petals are also sometimes eaten raw
and may be used for perfume [34,33]. Buds and flowers can be the basis
for an eyewash [51].

Native Americans made medicinal tea from wild roses which was used as a
remedy for diarrhea and stomach maladies. They sometimes smoked the
inner bark. Crow Indians used a solution made by boiling rose roots in
a compress to reduce swelling. The same solution was drunk for mouth
bleeding and gargled as a remedy for tonsillitis and sore throats; vapor
from this solution was inhaled for nose bleeding [34]. Evidently,
several tribes thought that rose hips would produce itching, although
they were sometimes used as emergency food [33,34]. Some tribes
believed wild rose could keep bad spirits away [34].
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: shrubs

Prickly rose is a preferred food of snowshoe hares in Alaska [58,92].
It is also one of the preferred foods of mule deer in Colorado [88,89].
In Montana, palatability of prickly rose browse is estimated as good for
pronghorn; fair for elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, cattle, and
sheep; and poor for horses [31]. Wild rose hips are probably not as
palatable to birds as other fruits and so remain on the shrubs,
providing an important winter resource [49].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: fruit

In New England, prickly rose blooms in mid-June [69]. In northwest
Illinois, the normal bloom period is during the last 2 weeks in May, and
fruit is set by July [66]. In Alaska, prickly rose blooms in June and
July, and hips turn red in August [84].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire tolerant, severity, shrubs

Prickly rose sprouts following fire and may also establish seedlings
[1,25,77,85,90]. Rowe [66] has observed that depth of sprouting buds is
site-specific in sprouting species and may vary in different regions of
the continent. Prickly rose recovery from fire appears to vary by
region and site. In Alaska, prickly rose rhizomes grow in mineral soil,
and the plant is found on nearly all recently burned sites [10,45]. The
severity and timing of the fire and site factors appear to be very
important to prickly rose response in western Canada and the Rocky
Mountains [30,65,67]. In northeastern broadleaf forests, prickly rose
is not as fire tolerant as other associated shrubs. It recovers well
after light fires but is infrequent following more severe fires [93].
license
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: rhizome, root crown, secondary colonizer, shrub

Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Rhizomatous shrub, rhizome in soil
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
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bibliographic citation
Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: cover, rhizome, seed, stratification

Prickly rose regenerates vegetatively by means of widespread rhizomes.
A single clone with 8 to 11 aboveground stems linked by a horizontal
rhizome can cover 11.95 to 23.92 square yards (10-20 sq m). Results of
an Alaskan study found rhizomes between 8 and 12 inches (20-30 cm) deep.
This was sufficient for the rhizomes to be in the mineral soil below
deep organic horizons [10]. Since rhizomes sprout after fire and other
types of disturbance, prickly rose clones may live for hundreds of years
[17].

Prickly rose flowers and sets seed frequently in open communities and
infrequently under a canopy [46]. Seed is dispersed by small mammals,
song birds, and grouse [1]. Seeds exhibit deep dormancy and require
warm stratification for the initial stages of germination, followed by
cold stratification for germination to continue [10,17,54,90]. While
most seeds germinate following snowmelt the second spring after seed
set, germination of one seed crop may spread over several years [17].
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States

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This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status

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More info for the terms: climax, density, shrub, shrubs, succession

Prickly rose is moderately shade tolerant [90]. In Minnesota forests,
this is evident from reported frequencies of 71 to 100 percent in the
open and 1 to 40 percent under a canopy [5]. Around Lake Michigan, it
is a seral dominant during succession on lake dunes [96]. In northern
Montana rough fescue (Festuca scabrella) grasslands, patches of prickly
rose, serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), and snowberry
(Symphoricarpos spp.) appear to originate when rodents throw up bare
soil on which the shrubs may establish [46]. Along the eastern slopes
of the Rocky Mountains, it invades on patches of mineral soil exposed by
disturbance and pioneers on gravel bars along rivers or after fire [90].
Along rivers in British Columbia and Alaska, it first establishes with
pioneering willows and replaces them after they are overtopped by
cottonwoods on exposed gravel and silt bars [26,76,78,81].

Following disturbance on black spruce sites, prickly rose may appear as
sprouts on the freshly disturbed or burned site. It can spread rapidly
by stem and root shoots and reaches greatest density during the tall
shrub-sapling stage or under seral aspen. It decreases as the canopy
closes [22,25,82]. In white spruce stands, prickly rose sprouts
following disturbance, becoming a seral dominant under various mixtures
of aspen, birch, lodgepole pine, and white spruce. Finally, it is an
understory dominant in the climax stand [22,54,61]. In British
Columbia's interior cedar-hemlock transitional subzone, it is found in
seral shrub communities with aspen, paper birch, and lodgepole pine
[29].
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Rosa sayi
Rosa bourgeauiana
Rosa engelmanni
Rosa pyrifera
Rosa butleri
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy

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The currently accepted scientific name of prickly rose is Rosa
acicularis Lindl. [41]. Prickly rose hybridizes with smooth wild rose
(R. blanda), Nootka rose (R. nutkana), prairie wild rose (R. arkansana),
and Wood's rose (R. woodsii) [28,84,87]. Two subspecies of prickly rose
are recognized [41]:

Rosa acicularis subsp. acicularis
Rosa acicularis subsp. sayi
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites

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More info for the terms: hardwood, rhizome, softwood, stratification

Prickly rose is recommended for revegetation on moist to wet sites in
Alaska and Alberta [90]. It is a good choice for erosion control,
especially since the prickly stems may discourage overbrowsing [74,90].
It is tolerant of acidic situations, is adapted to a wide range of soil
textures and moisture regimes, rapidly covers an area, and is moderately
tolerant of crude oil [90]. It has shown good drought tolerance on
amended oil sand tailings in Alberta and competes effectively with
seeded grasses [90,95]. In Montana, prickly rose's erosion control
potential, based on biomass, moderately aggressive growth, and
persistence, is rated as medium. Its short-term revegetation potential
is low, but long-term revegetation potential is medium [31].

Achenes of prickly rose need both warm and cold stratification for
germination; treatment details are described in various papers. Prickly
rose can be successfully started from rhizome, softwood, and hardwood
cuttings. Cuttings that include both rhizome and stem tissue give the
best results [90]. Results of one study showed that over 90 percent of
prickly rose rhizome cuttings produced shoots at temperatures of 41, 59,
and 77 degrees F (5, 15, and 25 degrees C). The number of days before
shoot appearance increased as the temperature decreased [10].
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Crane, M. F. 1990. Rosa acicularis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Rosa acicularis Lindl. Ros. Monog. 44. 1820
Rosa Sayi Schw. in Keating, Narr. Exp. Long 2: 388. 1824.
Rosa stricla Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12: 324. 1875.
Rosa Engelmanni S. Wats. Garden & Forest 2: 376, in part. 1889.
Stem low, about 1 m. high, according to Lindley " about 8 feet high," densely covered with straight bristles or weak prickles; branches bristly or sometimes unarmed; stipules adnate, usually broad, in the American form pubescent, more or less glandular-granuliferous and glandular-ciliate, about 1.5 cm. long; leaflets 3-7, usually 5, elliptic or oval, 1.5-5 cm. long, usually simply and regularly serrate, entire towards the base, usually acute at both ends, dull and glabrous above, pale and finely and usually rather densely pubescent, in the American form sometimes somewhat glandular-granuliferous beneath; flowers usually solitary; pedicels 2-4 cm. long, rarely slightly glandular-hispid; hypanthium glabrous, pear-shaped or elliptic, acute at the base, in fruit 1-1.5 cm. broad and 1.5-2 cm. long, usually with a neck; sepals lanceolate, about 2 cm. long, tomentose on the margins and within, pubescent and more or less glandular on the back, caudate-acuminate, in fruit erect and persistent; petals obcordate, 2-2.5 cm. long; styles distinct, persistent, not exserted; achenes inserted in the bottom and on the sides of the hypanthium.
Type locality: Siberia.
Distribution: Alaska to Wyoming, Michigan and northern New York; also in Siberia.
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Per Axel Rydberg. 1918. ROSACEAE (conclusio). North American flora. vol 22(6). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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North American Flora

Rosa acicularis

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Rosa acicularis is a flowering plant in the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as the prickly wild rose, prickly rose, bristly rose, wild rose or Arctic rose. It is a species of wild rose with a Holarctic distribution in northern regions of Asia,[3] Europe,[4] and North America.

Description

Rosa acicularis is a deciduous shrub growing 1–3 m tall. The leaves are pinnate, 7–14 cm long, with three to seven leaflets. The leaflets are ovate, with serrate (toothed) margins. The flowers are pink (rarely white), 3.5–5 cm diameter; the hips are red, pear-shaped to ovoid, 10–15 mm diameter. Its native habitats include thickets, stream banks, rocky bluffs, and wooded hillsides.[5]

The ploidy of this rose species is variable. Botanical authorities have listed it as tetraploid and hexaploid in North America (subsp. sayi),[6] and octoploid in Eurasia (subsp. acicularis),[6] including China.[7] On the northern Great Plains its populations are generally tetraploid. Hexaploid populations exist in the Yukon.

North America

This native rose species of the northern Great Plains is the provincial flower of Alberta.[8] It is not as common in the Parkland region of the Canadian Prairie provinces as Rosa woodsii (Woods' rose), nor is it as common as Rosa woodsii in the boreal forest of northern North America.

Uses

The hips, which stay on the plant through winter, are reported to be high in vitamins A and C. Native Americans made tea and salad from the leaves, and used the inner bark to smoke tobacco. Perfume has also been made from this plant.[9]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosa acicularis.

References

  1. ^ Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Rosa acicularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T64323755A67730697. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  2. ^ "Rosa acicularis". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  3. ^ Robertson, Kenneth R. "Rosa acicularis". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^ [http:/contact /rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa+&SPECIES_XREF=acicularis+&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= "Rosa acicularis"]. Flora Europaea. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  5. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
  6. ^ a b Lewis W.H. (1959). "Monograph of Rosa in North America. I. R. acicularis". Brittonia. 11 (1): 1–24. doi:10.2307/2805073. JSTOR 2805073. S2CID 34323115.
  7. ^ Yu, Chao; Luo, Le; Pan, Hui-tang; Sui, Yun-ji; Guo, Run-hua; Wang, Jin-yao; Zhang, Qi-xiang (January 2014). "Karyotype Analysis of Wild Rosa Species in Xinjiang, Northwestern China". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 139 (1): 39–47. doi:10.21273/JASHS.139.1.39.
  8. ^ "Government of Alberta's official emblems" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-02.
  9. ^ Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 120.
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Rosa acicularis: Brief Summary

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Rosa acicularis is a flowering plant in the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as the prickly wild rose, prickly rose, bristly rose, wild rose or Arctic rose. It is a species of wild rose with a Holarctic distribution in northern regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

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