Yellow Shouldered Bat

Figure 2.Map of Central and South America, showing the combined distribution range of species formerly ascribed to Sturnira lilium (gray tone) and the type localities (stars) of species in the Sturnira lilium complex. The localities where Sturnira burtonlimi (top inset) and Sturnira bakeri (bottom inset) occur are also shown; type localities are represented by a star and paratypes with circles. Note that Sturnira burtonlimi and Sturnira luisi occur in sympatry.

Figure 3.Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the cranium of Sturnira bakeri (QCAZ 14635 ♀) from El Oro, Ecuador. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the cranium of Sturnira burtonlimi (ROM 104294 ♂) from Chiriquí, Panama. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 4.Lateral views of the cranium and mandible of A Sturnira bakeri (QCAZ 14635 ♀). Lateral views of the cranium and mandible of B Sturnira burtonlimi (ROM 104294 ♂). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 5.Ventrolateral views of the right orbital region in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the shape of the sphenorbital fissure. In Sturnira bakeri, the sphenorbital fissure is oval (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the sphenorbital fissure is semicircular (arrow).

Figure 6.Dorsal view of the left zygomatic arches in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the development of the glenoid fossa. In Sturnira bakeri the anterior process of the glenoid fossa is absent (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the anterior process of the glenoid fossa is well developed (arrow).

Figure 7.Posterior views of the basioccipital (view through the foramen magnum) in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the degree of development of the clinoid processes. In Sturnira bakeri the clinoid processes are well developed (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the clinoid processes are absent (arrow).

Figure 8.Anterior views of the upper incisors and canines in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira burtonlimi (B, ROM 104294 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the number of cuspids of the upper inner incisor (I1). In Sturnira bakeri the I1 is bicuspidate. In Sturnira burtonlimi, however, the I1 is unicuspidate.

Figure 9.Dorsolateral views of the left mandibular toothrows in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira burtonlimi (B, ROM 104294 ♂), illustrating taxonomic differences in the shape of the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2. In Sturnira bakeri, the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2 are well defined and separated by a deep notch (arrows). In Sturnira burtonlimi, however, the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2 are poorly defined and are not separated by a deep notch (arrows).

Figure 2.Map of Central and South America, showing the combined distribution range of species formerly ascribed to Sturnira lilium (gray tone) and the type localities (stars) of species in the Sturnira lilium complex. The localities where Sturnira burtonlimi (top inset) and Sturnira bakeri (bottom inset) occur are also shown; type localities are represented by a star and paratypes with circles. Note that Sturnira burtonlimi and Sturnira luisi occur in sympatry.

Figure 3.Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the cranium of Sturnira bakeri (QCAZ 14635 ♀) from El Oro, Ecuador. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the cranium of Sturnira burtonlimi (ROM 104294 ♂) from Chiriquí, Panama. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 4.Lateral views of the cranium and mandible of A Sturnira bakeri (QCAZ 14635 ♀). Lateral views of the cranium and mandible of B Sturnira burtonlimi (ROM 104294 ♂). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 8.Anterior views of the upper incisors and canines in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira burtonlimi (B, ROM 104294 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the number of cuspids of the upper inner incisor (I1). In Sturnira bakeri the I1 is bicuspidate. In Sturnira burtonlimi, however, the I1 is unicuspidate.

Figure 9.Dorsolateral views of the left mandibular toothrows in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira burtonlimi (B, ROM 104294 ♂), illustrating taxonomic differences in the shape of the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2. In Sturnira bakeri, the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2 are well defined and separated by a deep notch (arrows). In Sturnira burtonlimi, however, the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2 are poorly defined and are not separated by a deep notch (arrows).