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Bristly Dogstail Grass

Cynosurus echinatus L.

Distribution in Egypt

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Mediterranean region.

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Global Distribution

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Macaronesia, southern Europe, Mediterranean region, eastwards to central Asia.

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Habitat

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Calcareous sand.

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Life Expectancy

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Annual.

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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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V, RM, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, Juan Fernandez
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Physical Description

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Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly gla brous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence densely corymbose, paniculate, or capitate, rays reduced or absent, Inflorescence branches 1-sided, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets paired at rachis nodes, Spikelets 3 per node, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Spikelets not disarticulating, or tardy, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly presen t, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma apex dentate, 2-fid, Lemma mucronate, very shortly beaked or awned, less than 1-2 mm, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn less than 1 cm long, Lemma awn 1-2 cm long, Lemma awn from sinus of bifid apex, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea shorter than lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
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Rhonwellt-y-ci pigog ( Welsh )

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Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Rhonwellt-y-ci pigog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Cynosurus echinatus a'r enw Saesneg yw Rough dog's-tail.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Rhonwellt y Ci Pigog.

Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gerddi Kew; adalwyd 21 Ionawr 2015
Comin Wikimedia
Mae gan Gomin Wikimedia
gyfryngau sy'n berthnasol i:
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Rhonwellt-y-ci pigog: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Rhonwellt-y-ci pigog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Cynosurus echinatus a'r enw Saesneg yw Rough dog's-tail. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Rhonwellt y Ci Pigog.

Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.

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Grannen-Kammgras ( German )

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Das Grannen-Kammgras (Cynosurus echinatus), auch Igel-Kammgras genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Kammgräser (Cynosurus) und damit der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).

Beschreibung

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Blütenstand

Das Grannen-Kammgras ist ein einjähriges, in kleinen Büscheln oder mit einzelnen Halmen wachsendes Gras. Die Halme werden 15–80 Zentimeter hoch, sind aufrecht, gewöhnlich im unteren Teil verzweigt, mit 2–4 kahlen Knoten. Die Blattscheiden sind kahl, die oberste ist etwas aufgeblasen. Das Blatthäutchen ist ein 5–10 Millimeter langer, zungenförmiger Saum. Die Blattspreiten sind 5–20 Zentimeter lang und 3–9 Millimeter breit, flach ausgebreitet und sehr rau. Die Blütenrispe ist (ohne Grannen) 1–6 Zentimeter lang und 1–2 Zentimeter breit, eiförmig, dicht und einseitswendig. Die Ährchen stehen stets neben einem gestielten Fächer langer leerer Spelzen. Sie sind 2–5-blütig, ohne Grannen 8–14 Millimeter lang und seitlich zusammengedrückt. Die Hüllspelzen sind einander fast gleich und 6–12 Millimeter lang. Die Deckspelzen sind fünfnervig, 5–6,5 Millimeter lang, mit einer 6–20 Millimeter langen, dünnen, geraden Granne. Die Vorspelzen sind zweinervig. Die Staubbeutel sind 2–3 Millimeter lang.

Die Blütezeit ist April bis Juli.

Die Chromosomenzahl ist 2n = 14.[1]

Verbreitung

Das Grannen-Kammgras kommt ursprünglich vom Mittelmeergebiet bis zum westlichen Himalaja und in Makaronesien vor.[2] In Nord- und Südamerika, Südafrika, Indien, Japan, Australien und Neuseeland ist es ein Neophyt.

Ökologie

Das Grannen-Kammgras kommt vor in trockenen Wiesen, in Äckern und in Ruderalgesellschaften. Es gedeiht auf sommerwarmen, trockenen, schwach sauren, wenig nährstoffreichen Sand- oder Tonböden in wintermilder, humider Klimalage. Es steigt in den Alpen bis etwa 2000 Meter Meereshöhe auf.

Taxonomie

Das Grannen-Kammgras wurde von Carl von Linné in Sp. Pl.: 73, (1753) unter dem Namen Cynosurus echinatus erstbeschrieben. Synonyme von Cynosurus echinatus L. sind: Chrysurus echinatus (L.) P.Beauv., Cynosurus hystrix Pomel, Falona echinata (L.) Dumort. und Cynosurus erroneus Jordan ex Martrin-Donos.[2]

Literatur

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Cynosurus echinatus. In: Gustav Hegi: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. 3. Aufl., Band I, Teil 3, S. 521–522. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-52320-2 (Beschreibung, Verbreitung, Ökologie)

Einzelnachweise

  1. Cynosurus echinatus bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  2. a b Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Cynosurus echinatus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 24. Juni 2020.
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Grannen-Kammgras: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Grannen-Kammgras (Cynosurus echinatus), auch Igel-Kammgras genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Kammgräser (Cynosurus) und damit der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).

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Cynosurus echinatus

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cynosurus echinatus.

Cynosurus echinatus is a species of grass known by the common names bristly dogstail grass,[1] rough dog's-tail[2] and hedgehog dogtail. It is native to southern Europe, and it is known in the Americas and Australia as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. An herbicide-resistant strain can be found growing as a weed in canola and wheat fields in Chile.[3] This is an annual grass growing 10 to 50 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is a rounded or oval cluster or series of clusters of spikelets. The fertile spikelet has an awn up to a centimeter long. The awns clumped closely together into a tuft gives the inflorescence its bristly, hairy appearance.

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Cynosurus echinatus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  2. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. ^ Group A/1 resistant hedgehog dogtail (Cynosurus echinatus)

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Cynosurus echinatus: Brief Summary

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cynosurus echinatus.

Cynosurus echinatus is a species of grass known by the common names bristly dogstail grass, rough dog's-tail and hedgehog dogtail. It is native to southern Europe, and it is known in the Americas and Australia as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. An herbicide-resistant strain can be found growing as a weed in canola and wheat fields in Chile. This is an annual grass growing 10 to 50 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is a rounded or oval cluster or series of clusters of spikelets. The fertile spikelet has an awn up to a centimeter long. The awns clumped closely together into a tuft gives the inflorescence its bristly, hairy appearance.

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Cynosurus echinatus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La grama estrellada (Cynosurus echinatus) es una especie de plantas de la familia de las poáceas. Es originaria de la Europa Mediterránea, pero se ha extendido por el resto de Europa y otras partes del mundo.[1]

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Ilustración
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Detalle de la espiga

Descripción

Hierba anual, de tallos lisos, erectos, de 10-50 cm de altura. Hojas lineares planas de 3-9 mm de anchura. Espiguillas largamente aristadas de dos tipos (fértiles y estériles), de 8-10 mm de longitud, con varias flores que se disponen formando una panícula densa y unilateral de hasta 4 cm de longitud. Fruto del mismo tipo que los cereales (cariopsis). Florece en primavera y verano.[2]

Hábitat

Muy frecuente en melojares y pinares, así como en los claros de los mismos. Se trata de una planta apetecible para el ganado.

Taxonomía

Cynosurus echinatus fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 72–73. 1753.[1]

Etimología

Cynosurus: nombre genérico que deriva de las palabras griegas κυνός kynos, "perro" y de ουρά oura, "cola", refiriéndose a la forma de la panícula.[3]

echinatus: epíteto latino que significa "espinoso"

Citología

Número de cromosomas de Cynosurus echinatus (Fam. Gramineae) y táxones infraespecíficos: 2n=14[4]

Sinonimia
  • Falona echinata (L.) Dumort.
  • Phalona echinata (L.) Dumort.[1]
  • Chrysurus echinatus (L.) P.Beauv.
  • Chrysurus giganteus Ten.
  • Cynosurus castagnei Jord. ex Martrin-Donos
  • Cynosurus giganteus Nyman
  • Cynosurus hystrix Pomel
  • Cynosurus pygmaeus Porta
  • Phalona castagnei Fourr.[5][6]

Nombres comunes

  • Castellano: cola de perro (4), grama estrellada.[7]

Referencias

  1. a b c «Cynosurus echinatus». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 14 de febrero de 2013.
  2. Luceño Garcés, M. (1998). Flores de Gredos. Ávila:Caja de Ávila. ISBN 84-930203-0-3.
  3. (en inglés) Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Genera of the World. Consultado el 26 de enero de 2010.
  4. Breve nota sobre a cariológica de algunas gramineas portuguesas. Gardé, A. (1951) Genét. Ibér. 3: 145-153
  5. Cynosurus echinatus en PlantList
  6. «Cynosurus echinatus». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 16 de enero de 2014.
  7. «Cynosurus echinatus». Real Jardín Botánico: Proyecto Anthos. Consultado el 16 de enero de 2014.

Bibliografía

  1. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  2. Döll, J. C. 1878. Gramineae II. Stipaceae, Agrostideae, Pappophoreae, Chlorideae, Avenaceae, Festucaceae. 2(3A): 1–160, t. 1–43. In C. F. P. von Martius (ed.) Fl. Bras.. F. Fleischer, Monachii & Lipsiae. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
  3. Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. África 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  4. Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  5. Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
  6. Hitchcock, C. H., A.J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1969. Vascular Cryptogams, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons. 1: 1–914. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
  7. Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri 305 pp., University of Missouri Press, Colombia.
  8. Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
  9. Moore, D. M. 1968. The vascular flora of the Falkland Islands. Brit. Antarc. Surv. Sci. Rep. 60: 1–202, 1–6 pls.
  10. Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
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Cynosurus echinatus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La grama estrellada (Cynosurus echinatus) es una especie de plantas de la familia de las poáceas. Es originaria de la Europa Mediterránea, pero se ha extendido por el resto de Europa y otras partes del mundo.​

 src= Ilustración  src= Detalle de la espiga
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Cynosurus echinatus ( Portuguese )

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Cynosurus echinatus é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Species Plantarum 1: 72. 1753.[1]

Os seus nomes comuns são rabo-de-cão ou rabo-de-cão-eriçado.[2]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente em Portugal Continental, no Arquipélago dos Açores e no Arquipélago da Madeira.

Em termos de naturalidade é nativa de Portugal Continental e no Arquipélago da Madeira e introduzida no Arquipélago dos Açores.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 de Outubro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25510897>
  2. Cynosurus echinatus - Flora Digital de Portugal. jb.utad.pt/flora.

Bibliografia

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Cynosurus echinatus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Cynosurus echinatus é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Species Plantarum 1: 72. 1753.

Os seus nomes comuns são rabo-de-cão ou rabo-de-cão-eriçado.

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Гребінник колючий ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Однорічна трав'яниста рослина. Стебла до 90 см, жолобчасті, голі. Волоть 1,5–5 см. Родючий колосок має ості до сантиметра завдовжки. Цвіте з квітня по липень.

Поширення

Північна Африка: Алжир; Марокко; Туніс. Західна Азія: Кіпр; Іран; Ірак [пн-зх.]; Ізраїль; Ліван; Сирія; Туреччина; Індія [пн-зх.]. Кавказ: Вірменія; Азербайджан; Грузія; Росія — Дагестан. Європа: Словаччина; Молдова [центр]; Україна [вкл. Крим]; Албанія; Болгарія; Хорватія; Греція; Італія [вкл. Сардинія, Сицилія]; Румунія; Сербія; Словенія; Франція; Португалія [вкл. Мадейра]; Гібралтар; Іспанія [вкл. Балеарські острови, Канарські острови]. Натуралізований в деяких інших країнах (наприклад, США, Австралія, Чилі). Росте на луках.

Галерея

Примітки

Джерела

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Cynosurus echinatus ( Vietnamese )

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Cynosurus echinatus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cynosurus echinatus. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Cynosurus echinatus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cynosurus echinatus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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