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Fall Panicgrass

Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.

Description

provided by eFloras
Annuals; culms branched, glabrous, 30-100 cm high. Blade 15-40 cm long, 7-20 mm wide; midrib stout, greenish white; ligule short, upper margin a ring of hairs; sheath cylindrical, glabrous and shining. Panical ca. 30 cm lkong, branches scabrous, 1-5 per node, arranged at 45o angle to central axis. Spikelets sparingly arranged, ovate-oblong to lanceolate-elliptic, acute, ca. 2.3 mm long, glabrous; lower glume broadly deltoid, obtuse or roumded, clasping vase of spikelet, 1/4-1/5 as long as spikelet; upper glume subequal to spikelet, 5-7-veined; lower lemma and upper lemma subequal, flat; upper lemma oblong, glabrous and shining, 5-veined, prominrnt when mature, tightly enclosing upper palea and caryopsis.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Gramineae (Poaceae) in Flora of Taiwan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Poaceae in Flora of Taiwan @ eFloras.org
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Chang-Sheng Kuoh
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eFloras.org
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Description

provided by eFloras
Aquatic annual or rhizomatous perennial. Culms geniculately ascending, rooting at lower nodes, branching, succulent, 30–110 cm tall, upper nodes glabrous, often conspicuous. Leaves cauline; leaf sheaths striate, glabrous, lower sheaths often inflated; leaf blades linear, flat, 7–35 × 0.5–1 cm, glabrous, scabrid, base straight or subcordate, apex acute; ligule 1–2 mm, a ciliate membrane. Panicle terminal or axillary, pyramidal when fully exserted, 10–20 cm, much branched; branches glabrous, scabrid, secondary and tertiary branches often appressed. Spikelets lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 3–4 mm, glabrous, acuminate; lower glume broadly ovate, 1/6–1/3 length of spikelet, clasping at the base of the spikelet, membranous, 0–1-veined, obtuse to acute; upper glume as long as spikelet, 7–9-veined; lower lemma similar to upper glume, palea absent or present and well developed; upper floret 2/3 length of spikelet, green or pale yellow, smooth, shiny. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 505, 506 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Originally from America, naturalized in temperate countries. Taiwan, in villages at mid-elevation in the central part of the island.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Gramineae (Poaceae) in Flora of Taiwan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Poaceae in Flora of Taiwan @ eFloras.org
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Chang-Sheng Kuoh
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eFloras.org
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Habitat & Distribution

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Shallow waters, swampy places. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Malaysia; tropics of the New World].
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 505, 506 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Panicum paludosum Roxburgh.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 505, 506 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 48. 1803
Panicum miliaceum Walt. Fl. Car. 72. 1788. Not P. miliaceum L. 1753.
Panicum geniculatum Muhl. Cat. 9. 1813; Descr. Gram. 123, 1817.
Panicum multiflorum Poir. in I^am. Encyc. Suppl. 4: 282. 1816.
Panicum brachiatum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. 1 : 321. 1825. Not P. brachiatum Poir. 1816.
Panicum EllioUii Trin.; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 170, as synonym. 1829.
Panicum retrofr actum Delile; Desv. Opusc. 96. 1831.
Panicum proliferum pilosum Griseb. Cat. PL Cub. 232. 1866.
Panicum proliferum geniculatum Wood, Bot. & FL ed. 1871. 392, 1871.
Panicum amplectans Chapm. Bot. Gaz. 3: 20. 1878.
Panicum Francavillanum Fourn. Mex. PL Gram. 25. 1886.*
Plants usually freely branching, ascending or spreading from a geniculate base, or sometimes erect, usually smooth throughout, or in tropical forms more or less pubescent; culms somewhat compressed, often thick and succulent, drying furrowed, usually 50-100 cm. long, in robust specimens as much as 2 meters long, the nodes smooth, at least the lower swollen; leaf -sheaths often compressed, usually longer than the internodes, ciliate on the margin toward the summit; ligule 1-2 mm. long; blades flat or in small specimens sometimes folded, glabrous, or sparsely pilose above, 10-50 cm. long, 3-20 mm. wide, at base about as wide as the sheath, the white midnerve usually prominent; panicles terminal and axillary, included at base or tardily short-exserted, many-flowered, 10-40 cm. long or more, the main branches ascending, or finally present author's reasons for preferring 1886 have been explained in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 49 (footnote). 1910. [The question is more fully discussed by Griffiths, who accepts 1881, in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 350, 351 (footnote). 1912.] 217
spreading or even reflexed, the short branchlets appressed, bearing short-pediceled, often rather crowded spikelets, the axes angled and scabrous; spikelets narrowly oblongovate, 2-3.2 mm., usually about 2.5 mm. long, about 0.9 mm. wide, acute, often greenish-purple; first glume one fifth to one fourth the length of the spikelet, truncate or broadly triangular ; second glume and sterile lemma more or less pointed beyond the fruit, rather faintly 7-nerved, the palea of the sterile floret present or wanting; fruit 1.8-2 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, elliptic.
Type locality : Eastern United States.
Distribution: Maine to Florida, Nebraska, and New Mexico; California; Panama; Bermuda, Bahamas, and the West Indies.
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bibliographic citation
George Valentine Nash. 1915. (POALES); POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(3). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stems compressed, flattened, or sulcate, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes excee ding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath or blade keeled, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf sheath enlarged, inflated or distended, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades 2 or more cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Inflorescence or spikelets partially hidden in leaf sheaths, subtended by spatheole, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelet with 1 fertile floret and 1-2 sterile florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins inrolled, tightly covering palea and caryopsis, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
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Dr. David Bogler
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Missouri Botanical Garden
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USDA NRCS NPDC
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USDA PLANTS text

Panicum dichotomiflorum

provided by wikipedia EN

Panicum dichotomiflorum, known by the common names fall panicgrass, autumn millet (Britain and Ireland),[1] and fall panicum[2] is a species of Poaceae "true grass". It is native to much of the eastern United States and parts of Canada, and it can be found in the Western United States through California. It may be an introduced species in some western climates.[3] It grows in many types of habitat, including disturbed areas and chaparral habitats.

Description

Panicum dichotomiflorum is an annual grass growing decumbent or erect to a maximum height near one meter-3 feet. It can be distinguished from its relative, Panicum capillare - Witchgrass by its hairless leaves.[4] The inflorescence is a large open panicle up to 20 centimeters long and fanning out to a width of 16 centimeters.

References

  1. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ Mary E. Barkworth, Laurel K. Anderton, Kathleen M. Capel, Sandy Long, Michael B. Piep (2007). Manual of Grasses for North America. University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-0874216868.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. ^ Grass Manual Treatment Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ UC Davis IPM

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Panicum dichotomiflorum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Panicum dichotomiflorum, known by the common names fall panicgrass, autumn millet (Britain and Ireland), and fall panicum is a species of Poaceae "true grass". It is native to much of the eastern United States and parts of Canada, and it can be found in the Western United States through California. It may be an introduced species in some western climates. It grows in many types of habitat, including disturbed areas and chaparral habitats.

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